中西方饮酒文化差异的比较ComparativeStudyofDrinkingCultureinChinaandWesternCountries.pdf

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1、中西方饮酒文化差异的比较Comparative Study of Drinking Culture in China and Western Countries Abstract This undergraduate thesis analyzes and compares Chinese and western wine drinking culture ofincluding the origin of wine the purpose of drinking wine etiquette of drinking and poetry about drinking Based on the

2、 cultural analysis of drinking behaviorthis thesis points out that the variability of the drinking culture in China and the West is determined by different cultural beliefsChinese drinking culture shows the preference of people orientedwhile western drinking culture is only to the respect and apprec

3、iation of the wine itself This comparison of wine drinking culture between China and Western countries can perform the unique charm of Chinese wine culture and let more people in the world understand Chinese wine culture better and enjoy Chinese wine culture more Key Words Chinese western drinking c

4、ulture difference 摘要本文分析并比较了中西方的饮酒文化其中包括酒的起源人们饮酒的目的饮酒礼仪和酒诗指出了中西方饮酒文化的差异实际上就是不同的文化信仰中国的饮酒文化重在以人为本而西方的饮酒文化更多地是出于对酒本身的尊重和欣赏比较中西方的饮酒文化的差异更能彰显中国酒文化的魅力也让世界上越来越多的人了解并欣赏中国酒文化关键词中国西方 饮酒文化差异Contents Introduction 41 Research Background 5 11 The Previous Studies of Wine Culture 5 12 The Research Perspective of

5、This Thesis 7 13 Detailed Research Design 8 2 The Origins of Wine 8 21 The Origins of Wine in China 8 22 The Origins of Wine in the West 9 3 The Purpose of People Drinking Wine 10 31 The Purpose of Chinese Drinking Alcoholic Drink 10 com Drinking for Sacrifice 10 com Drinking for Festivals 11 com Dr

6、inking for Customs 12 com Drinking for Interpersonal Relationship 13 com Drinking for Health Care 14 32 The Purpose of Westerners Drinking Wine 15 3 Drinking Etiquette 15 41 Chinese Drinking Etiquette 15 42 Western Drinking Etiquette 16 5 Drinking and Poetry 18 51 Drinking and Chinese Poetry 18 52 D

7、rinking and Western Poetry 19 Conclusion 20 References 21 Introduction In the long history of human culture the wine is not only a kind of objectively existing material but a cultural icon According to Wang 2007 p20 wine culture exists after the birth of wine and wine contains thousands of years of

8、human civilization wine culture as the same as other cultures have great influence on peoples life Wine culture derives from peoples lives reflects direct and indirect pursuit of all fronts of people and influences social fashion Wine culture has the broad and profound connotation represented in the

9、 following three aspects natural property social attribute and spiritual expression Wine culture has natural property such as the study of wine set brewing and identifying techniques It is also related to social attribute such as wines phenomena of custom and behavior In addition it concerns spiritu

10、al expression including wine poetry literature thoughts celebrity anecdotes and etc Many existing studies of drinking culture have been done on these three aspects with a focus on the variability of Chinese and western drinking culture Jing Wu 2006 studied all the records of stories and legends that

11、 are related to Chinese celebrities and alcohol Li 2007 systematically introduces the Chinese wine culture from history category artistic wine vessels drinking etiquette and function of health care Johnson 2003 describes the history and development of wine all over the world However most of these st

12、udies focused on the wine itself rather than drinking behavior Therefore this thesis is going to study the social attribute and spiritual expression of wine culture Precisely it is focused on drinking behavior to dig up its cultural roots through a comparative study of drinking culture in China and

13、western countries Few people do research of wine culture without studying its natural property but I must abandon it for two reasons The first is that there have been many researches about natural properties of wine but few researches on drinking behavior The second is that wines natural properties

14、such as the materials drinking sets and brewing techniques are easy to exchange between two countries but social and spiritual properties of wine are quite difficult to be accepted by another country Drinking behaviors in a country are very typical with no alternative invisible but touchable culture

15、 This thesis therefore analyzes and compares the wine drinking culture between Chinese and the Western including the relation between drinking culture and literature art manners and wine games It points out that the difference of the drinking culture between the East and the West is actually a way o

16、f different thinking and beliefs Chinese drinking culture mainly shows the humanistic dimension with the poetry and literature and a long history of wine games while Western drinking culture including drinking with fashion is only to the respect and appreciation of the wine itself At last there will

17、 be a deeper understanding of each culture and a better communication 1 Research Background This part is going to discuss the previous studies of wine culture analyze their achievement and deficiency and to show the research perspective of this thesis There are also some details to introduce the res

18、earch methods of this thesis 11 The Previous Studies of Wine Culture Large numbers of researches have been done on wine culture in both China and the West Most of these researches however compare Chinese drinking culture with the westerners in the aspects of brewing materials and techniques few of t

19、hem comparatively studies on the variability of drinking behavior in Chinese and the Western wine culture Therefore with the basis of existing investigations this thesis aims to study the social attribute and spiritual expression of wine culture Precisely it is focused on drinking behavior to dig up

20、 its cultural roots rather than the wine itself So this thesis is exactly a comparative study of drinking culture rather than wine culture in China and western countries China has a long history of wine drinking Chinese ancestors had wine even when they were man apes According to Li 2007 p4 as the e

21、arliest drinking was fruit wine which naturally fermented we can say the wine was not invented by humans but by nature and wine culture began together with human history In a broad sense wine culture refers to all the studies that relate to alcoholic drinks There are so many researches about alcohol

22、ic drinks such as its origin drinking etiquette poetry about drinking and etc these studies have much in common and can be divided roughly into the following five categories The first category is the studies focused on the origin of wine These studies for examples Li 2007 and Wang 2007 have the simi

23、lar research information ancient books and get similar verdict The second category is about drinking etiquette For instance Rao 2010 has a detailed description of Chinese and western drinking etiquette and points out the obvious difference between Chinese and western drinking etiquettes is that west

24、erners put more emphasis on the wine itself and they care more about what to drink and whether it is delicious comparatively Chinese care more about the guests and drinking atmosphere Xiao 2010 has pointed out the difference and the causes of variability of drinking etiquettes The third category is

25、focused on interpersonal communication with drinking Xu 2008 firstly studied the Chinese ancient peoples view on impersonal communication with drinking that are embedded in the Chinese ancient poetry then he studied fundamental difference between cultural values from the perspective of modern Chines

26、e people Xu 2011 The fourth category is poetry about drinking While Yang 2004 has compared the different technique of expression in Chinese and western poetry Xu 2008 studied from the view of English translation of Tang poetry The fifth category is about the comparative analysis between Winebibber S

27、pirit and Dionysian Spirit Such researches investigate Chinas Winebibber Spirit and the Western Dionysian Spirit Liu1993 and argued that Chinese scholars being drunk can demonstrate their soul state while the Western supernatural spirit of alcohol shows instinctive inebriation and the revelry of the

28、 desire Liu 1993 Gong 2008 Shan 2006 Therefore Chinese scholars being drunk is intoxicated similar to dreams showing the state of spiritual life Comparatively the Western supernatural spirit of alcohol has such instinctive revelry characteristics like instinct nature destructiveness surmounting sens

29、e of strength and etc and these features plant in the instinctive life 12 The Research Perspective of This Thesis With more and more frequent communication between Chinese and western the cultural difference is gradually exposed The most common occasions of communication between Chinese and westerne

30、rs is reception and here the wine is indispensable At the same time the differences and contradictions in drinking behavior are on the outstanding People can easily distinguish a native Chinese and overseas Chinese at the banquet There is something deep inside but we can see by observing outside Thr

31、ough my observation of peoples drinking behavior I understand that it is perhaps more reasonable to define a person who he is according to the birthplace than the pedigree The fundamental difference between Chinese and Westerners lies deep inside rather than the outside physical things Sometimes we

32、call it culture According to Liang 1988 evidence from first language acquisition indicates that culture can be summarized into three aspects spiritual life social life and material life From these three aspects drinking wine can well reflect a countrys culture Drinking has the different origin and d

33、eep cultural connotations both in China and western countries The answers to the questions such as why people do it how they do it what the result is what they can get from doing it and so on can well reflect the difference of thinking mode and values between Chinese and westerners which are just th

34、e fundamental differences between Chinese and western culture Therefore this thesis aims to have a better understanding of the differences between the Chinese and western cultures through a comparative study on their drinking culture The most appropriate research tradition for the research problem i

35、dentified in this thesis is comparison Firstly some certain index to compare is chosen Then this thesis presents the characteristics in each of the different situations Finally it reveals and summarizes the difference of drinking culture in China and the western countries This kind of method is reas

36、onable and manageable for an undergraduate student 13 Detailed Research Design This thesis takes the method of parallel comparison Firstly it compares purpose and situation of drinking between Chinese and Western and what they think when they drink it is also a part of reason they drink as well as w

37、hat they can get while drinking and what they pursue for There are also comparisons in each side such as comparisons between different poets or different background and times and between the different social groups Then this thesis analyzes wine culture through wine literature mainly based on wine p

38、oems because it contains the largest amount of information and the most widely circulated range Finally this thesis is going to put attention to observe the life we are living now to prove whether this research finding is changed and to find the new difference up to date when the two kind of culture

39、 meet 2 The Origins of Wine The origin of wine in China is different from the Western In China people believe that human beings brewed wine first while in the west people believe that wine was brewed by the spirit Maybe the difference of the wine drinking culture between Chinese and Westerners appea

40、red at the very beginning Chinese believe that wine is made by people and is reasonably served the people so that when drinking Chinese people care more about drinkers Comparatively the Westerners believe that wine is made by god and it is a gift to make people happy so that the westerners care more

41、 about wine itself 21 The Origins of Wine in China There are so many legends about the origin of wine but no one is so clear and accepted by all Some people believe that wine is made by a human The book Shi Ben Qin Dynasty and Origin of Chinese Characters Donghan Dynasty compiled by Xu Shen has some

42、 records about Yi Di making wine However many scholars do not believe that There are also many records in ancient books deny that Yi Di made wine According to these books Yi Di just summarized up the method of making wine and handed it down to later generations Among these ancient legends the most f

43、amous one is Du Kang making wine Jiang Tong in Jin Dynasty was the first person who held the theory of natural fermentation of grain brewing in Chinese history He said that Du Kang made wine Jiu Gao Jin Dynasty Du Kang is a real person in history Many ancient books have records about him such as Lv

44、Buweis book Lv Familys History Qing Dynasty Xu Shens book Origin of Chinese Characters Donghan Dynasty and Cao Caos famous Short Song Some Chinese people also believe that the apes made wine Li Rihua in Ming Dynasty wrote in his book that the apes in Mount Huang in Anhui Province made wine It is sai

45、d that many apes in the mountain who are good at picking flowers brew wine People who cutting wood found the wine stored in the caves We can know wine made by the apes is just one kind of wine with the taste of fruit but in another way we can say this is the original and the oldest wine There are al

46、so some archaeological excavations to improve it According to Li 2007 the fossil of drunken apes has been found under grass Bay of HongZe Lake in Jiangsu province There is another legend that the Wine Star made wine Dou Song Dynasty People in ancient society lacked scientific knowledge they thought

47、wine was controlled by the constellation in the sky and everything was from the sky so this legend was brought out Many famous poets such as Li Bai Kong Rong and Li He had mentioned the Wine Star in their poems To summarize Chinese scholars do not reach a unified point of view on the origin of the w

48、ine The three different views above all have strong proof to be supported 22 The Origins of Wine in the West There is no clear record of the origins of wine in western history However the West has its own legend about the origin of wine Dionysus Dionysus is the god of wine and carnival in Greek myth

49、ology and also the art god of ancient Greek Because of his troubled birth he was pushed to wander everywhere after being an adult During his vagrancy he taught the farmers to brew wine and this made him one of their favorite gods People sacrificed him with wine each year and brought out ancient Gree

50、k tragedy In order to express their honor for Dionysus people hold Bacchanalia in Athens each March They sung impromptu songs to worship Dionysus called Dithyramb The great time of Dithyramb leads to the development of ancient Greek drama and music art The tragedy and comedy in ancient Greek all ori