英语名词讲解ppt课件.ppt

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1、汉堡包 水果 西红柿 大米；米饭草莓 鸡肉 牛奶 吃 面包 健康的 事物 hamburger fruit tomato rice strawberry chicken milk eat bread healthy thing 容易的 在.后面 梨子 食物蔬菜 胡萝卜 习惯 午餐早餐 晚餐 肥胖的 easy after pear food vegetable carrot habit lunch breakfast dinner fat名词（名词（n.）：）：概念：概念： 是表示人、事物、是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。抽象概念等名称的词。根据其词汇意义，名词根据其词汇意义，名词可分为可分为

2、 专有名词专有名词和和普通名普通名词词。名词：nouns普通名词：普通名词：指表示一类人、东西、抽象概念的名词。 例如：例如： 表示东西、事物的表示东西、事物的。 如如book、computer、tree、chopsticks(筷子筷子) 表示一类人的。表示一类人的。如如 boy 、girl、woman、man、teacher、father 表示抽象概念，像人的情感、品质、精神表示抽象概念，像人的情感、品质、精神的的。如。如 happiness 、trouble、pleasure（愉（愉快、快乐）、快、快乐）、industry（勤劳）（勤劳）辨认下列哪些是名词，哪些不是名词：computer，

3、 take coffee， water，run. notebook. bring, table, sport interesting, Monday age new actor sell 专有名词专有名词: 指表示人、地方、机构、组织等指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的的专有名称专有名称。 具体说来，它包括人名、具体说来，它包括人名、国家、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等影名以及某些抽象名词等。Jim 吉姆吉姆 China 中国中国 Mr. Smith 史密斯先生史密斯先生July 七月七月 Friday 星期五星期五 the Yello

4、w River 黄河黄河Christmas 圣诞节圣诞节 English 英语英语 A Tale of Two Cities 双城记双城记名词名词：可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词单数单数复数复数转转变变可数名词的复数变化可数名词的复数变化：1. 可数可数名词复数名词复数的规则变化的规则变化：(1) 一般情况加词尾一般情况加词尾 -s，如，如 book-books, desk-desks等。等。(2) 以以 s, x, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词等结尾的名词，通常加词尾尾 -es：bus -buses, box -boxes, dish-dishes，match-matches（

5、比赛），（比赛），watch-watches等。等。Practice:There are many (bus) and (car) on the street.I have two (watch), so I give a (watch) to my sister.Yesterday I went to the supermarket and bought some （dish）carsbuseswatcheswatchdishes3) 以以“o”结尾的名词结尾的名词,有生命词尾有生命词尾es；如如tomato- tomatoes； potato- potatoeshero(英雄英雄)-her

6、oes 无生命的无生命的名词名词，加词尾，加词尾s；如；如radioradios（收音机）；（收音机）； piano-pianos但注意但注意photophotos（相片）（相片）4) 以以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：况：以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将结尾的名词，将 y 改为改为ies；如：如： city-cities, baby-babies以以“元音字母元音字母+y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾结尾的名词，直接加词尾-s：如：如：toy / toys, holiday / holidays 等。等。5)以以f或或fe结尾的名词，多数变结尾的

7、名词，多数变f或或fe为为v加加es:如：如： wife-wives, knife-knives（小刀），（小刀），Leaf-leaves（树叶）；（树叶）；life-lives(生命生命)，scarf-scarves(围巾围巾) 记住以下记住以下10个要把个要把f或者或者fe改成改成v加加es的单词：的单词：wife(妻子)，life(生命)，knife(小刀)，leaf(树叶)，thief(贼)，half(一半)，self(自己)，shelf(架子)，loaf(面包)，wolf(狼)。重点但但roof-roofs(屋顶屋顶)是例外！是例外！练习：练习：写出下列单词的单数或复数形式frien

8、dcattreessquestionsskeystoysphotostomatoespotatoesleaf /leaveszoosradiosholidaysbaby/babiescity/citiesroofsbusesboxesWe need more (potato), can you go and take some , please ?(Knife) are used for cutting things.When we saw his face, we knew the (news) was bad.Please remember give the horse some tree

9、 (leaf).potatoesKnivesnewsleaves单复数同形单复数同形: 英语中，有些名词的英语中，有些名词的单数与复数同行单数与复数同行:例：例：people、Chinese、Japanese、 fish 、 deer（鹿）、（鹿）、 sheep（绵（绵羊）羊）e.g: There are many fish in the river. We have a fish for lunch.名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化 有的名词单数变复数时，没有一定的规有的名词单数变复数时，没有一定的规则，需特别记忆：则，需特别记忆：man / men 男人男人 woman / wom

10、en 女女人人child / children 小孩小孩 tooth / teeth 牙牙齿齿foot / feet 脚脚 goose / geese 鹅鹅mouse / mice 老鼠老鼠 ox / oxen 公公牛牛(二) 不规则变化 男人女人 a 变 e，鹅足牙 oo 变 ee； 老鼠虱子也好记，ous 变 ic； 孩子加上 ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。6. 名词复数的不规则变化需要特别记忆。例如man men, woman women, goose geese, foot feet, tooth teeth, mouse mice, louse (虱子) lice, child child

11、ren, fish fish, deer (鹿) deer, sheep sheep 等。 不可数名词常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a bottle of等 来表示不可数名词的量，单复数表现在在of前面的名词上。 如：桌子上有一杯橙汁。 There is a glass of orange juice on the table. 这张纸是红色的。This piece of paper is red. 这两双袜子5美元。These two pairs of socks are 5 dollars名词做主语，名词做主语，一定要注意主谓一致一定要注意主谓一致

12、 用适当的be动词填空My mother _ a beautiful woman.This pair of pants _ 20 dollars.My socks _ red.Whose pens _ there？Anns family _ all teachers.Her family _ a large one in this place.There _ a cup of coffee on the desk.These strawberries _ fresh. 写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、 piano 6、child 7、

13、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep orangesclassestexts monkeyschildrenshelvesbedscountriesfamilies toysJapaneseradiosphotostomatoesfoxes pianosfeetwomenknivessheeparmies二、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1There are so many

14、_(wolf)in the forest. 2.There are three _(chair) in the classroom. 3.These _ (tomato) are red. 4._(hero) are great. 5My brother looks after two _(baby) 6There are some _(deer) eating the grass.7My father likes to eat _(potato). 8 Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles.9I have a lot of _(toy) in my bed

15、room. 10I help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen. wolveschairstomatoesHeroes babiesdeerpotatoespeopletoysdishes11I have two_ (pencil-box). 12There are some _(bus)in the street.13Peter has eight _(foot). 14Linda has three _(tooth).15There are some _(child) in the garden. 16Michael likes the _(mou

16、se). 17There are some _(goose)in the river. 18My uncle and father are _(man). 19Tom and King are _(boy). 20Linda has three _(tooth). pencil-boxesbusesfeetteethchildrenmicegeesemenboysteeth1I can see three _ in the zoo. A monkeies B monkeys C monkey2.The pig has four _. A. foot B. feet C. foots3.My t

17、wo brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen4.There are four _ in the class.A.Japanese B. Japaneses C. Japan 5.I can see ten _ in the picture.A.sheep B. dog C. pig6.The _ has three_.A.boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches7.Can you see _on the plate? A. bread B. breads C. bre

18、adesABCBACA8.The girl often brushes her_ before she goes to bed.A. tooth B. toothsC. teeth9.Mr Black often drink some _.A.milk B. milks C.milkes10.There are some _ on the floor.A.child B. water C. books11. _ will learn English. A.Woman B. Women C. Man 12.Lucy will show us some new _ of hers.A.photo

19、B. photos C. photoes13. I drank two _ .A. bottles of orange B. bottle of orangeC. bottles of oranges14.The cat eats two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouseABCCABB1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2.This kind of car made in Shangh

20、ai. A. is B .are C .were D .has3. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans4. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already.A.two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of breadABDAC6. The

21、 old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day. A .our

22、tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers11. In Britain _ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters boxABCDDA2. 找出下列句子中的错误并改正：1) This is a pair of trouser.这是一条裤子。2) He gave me some advices. 他给了我一些忠告。3) She went to the library with two ladies friends.她和两位女伴一起去图书馆。4) The police is looking for him. 警察在找他。