大学英语四级ppt课件.ppt

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1、大学英语四级大学英语四级写作策略写作策略英语四级考试英语四级考试作文作文评分标准评分标准1.本题满分为本题满分为15分。分。2.阅卷标准共分五等阅卷标准共分五等:2分、分、5分、分、8分、分、11分及分及14分。各有标准样卷分。各有标准样卷1至至2份。份。3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数认为与某一分数(如如8分分)相似，即定为该分数相似，即定为该分数(即即8分分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加1分分(即即9分分)或减或减1分分(即即7分分)。但不得加或减半分。但不得加或减半分。评分标准评分标准 2

2、分分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分分基本切题。表达思路不清楚，连贯性差。基本切题。表达思路不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。有较多的严重语言错误。8分分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。是严重错误。11分切题。表达思路清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。字数不足者，酌情

3、扣分。字数不足者，酌情扣分。99-90字：字： 扣扣1分分89-80字：字： 扣扣2分分79-70字：字： 扣扣3分分69-60字：字： 扣扣5分分59-50字：字： 扣扣7分分少于少于49字：扣字：扣9分分 题中已给的主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得题中已给的主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入缩写字数。只写一段者扣计入缩写字数。只写一段者扣4分。分。评分样卷评分样卷实例实例1：题目：题目：Bicycles An Important Means of Transport in China提纲：提纲： 1. 为什么自行车在中国普及为什么自行车在中国普及 2. 和汽车的比较和汽车的比较 3. 自行车

4、在中国普及自行车在中国普及 Bicycle is an important means of transport in China. The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese. The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage. They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive. So Ch

5、inese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work, or go to travel and so on. The other reason is the large population of China. All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can

6、 save the surface of putting it. It doesnt ask to build the garage like car. This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land. It isnt too expensive, so Chinese can afford it. It doesnt need any oil, and it cant cause the polution. All of these are the good needs compared to the ca

7、r. In the future, bicycle will be widely used. And it will be in good demand. People will produce much more modem bicycles.得分：8分Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people- man and woman, ol

8、d and young - ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called the kingdom of bicycles. Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollutio

9、n. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since Chi

10、na is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.得分：14分As everybody know, China a big developing country. So, the living standard of people not-very high

11、at present peoples income is not enough for they to buy cars motorcycles. And bike is easy to ride. Bicycle is cheaper be made. And I think bicycle the useful tool of transport in China now. So, it is quite porpular and wildly used in Chinas cities and country sides than the personal transportation-

12、tool.Bike is a kind of clean tools of transport. It not use gas and other energers. For this reason it not creat polution. But in fact in any way Bicycle is not advanced than car. If it is raining, the rider will suffer from wet, on the other hand, bike can not carry much goods. According to the our

13、 countrys developing rate, I firmly believe that Bicycle will replaced by car or motorcycle in that nearly future. But undoubtfully it continue the important means of transport in China for a long time.得分：2分There millions of bicycles in todays China. Bicycles are very important means of transport in

14、 peoples daily lives. Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the riders strength. Therefore, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.Compared wi

15、th a car, a bicycle is much cheaper. It is more suitable for China as a developing country. And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has. On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.I think the population of Chinas bicycle will be kept for the long run. Becau

16、se it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that its quality will be improved.得分：11分 Perhaps the amount of bicycle in China

17、is the largest in the world. Why was it so widely used in China? I thought the answer was: the population in China is too large and the price of bicycle is much cheaper. The third answer is that the bicycle is easier in using than other transportations. Comparing with the car, the bicycle is cheaper

18、 and it is easier in using than the car, but its speed is lower than that of the car. The bicycle will be remained for a long time in China but in the end it will be disappeared with the improval of peoples living level.得分：5分常见题型1.提纲型作文2.段首句作文3.标题型作文4.关键词作文5.情景作文6.图表作文7.应用文写作1. 提纲型作文四级考试中最常见的题型之一。根据

19、给出的题目和提纲（中英文）写作。提纲可能是两条或者三条。明确作文的段落和层次，及各段的主旨和扩展的依据。写作中不能遗漏提纲提供的任何内容，也不能改动某部分的内容。1. 提纲型作文具体要求：1.认真审题2.根据提纲确定主题句3.中心思想明确，层次清晰，连贯通顺4.此类作文因给了提纲，所以每个考生的思路差不多，顺着提供发展。写作时重点是选词、造句和成段1. 提纲型作文例文： For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic “Harmfulness of Fake Commodities”. You should

20、write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline below. 1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities). 为什么会出现这种现象？ 2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会的危 害。1. 提纲型作文 Fake commodities are quite common on the market today. Every time we turn on our TV or read newspapers, we come across many reports

21、 about fake commodities such as fake medicines, fake discs and fake food stuffs. In order to gain high profits, some companies produce fake commodities even at the risk of being discovered. On the other hand, the laws prohibiting fake commodities are not strictly enforced. This is another reason for

22、 the high incidence of fake commodities.1. 提纲型作文Fake commodities do harm in many ways. They can bring about great loss to both the State and people. A case in point is that if a consumer buys fake medicine, he may suffer much pain. The drug might even cost him his life. Whats more, the production of

23、 fake commodities is a great danger to the society. They present a true threat to the production of good-quality commodities since fake ones are attractively lower in price. So every one of us has the duty to combat fake commodities for the benefit of our nation and ourselves.2. 段首句作文四级考试中最常见的题型之一四级

24、考试中最常见的题型之一给出题目和每段的第一句给出题目和每段的第一句写符合文章主旨，意义连贯的短文写符合文章主旨，意义连贯的短文一定要理解主题句，否则会严重失分一定要理解主题句，否则会严重失分2. 段首句作文具体要求：1.确定关键词，明确方向。2.收集并选择有关素材，运用叙述、例证、分析等方法，围绕段首句展开短文内容。3.段首句的内容必须按一定的逻辑关系展开，达到结构上的连贯。句子之间要衔接自然，流畅。2. 段首句作文例文：Write a composition about “Stop smoking” in 3 paragraphs. The first sentence of each pa

25、ragraph is given. Write 35 words for each paragraph.1.Smoking is harmful to health2.Getting rid of the smoking habit is not easy.3.In order to protect non-smokers from becoming smokers, measures should be taken to reduce the appeal of smoking.2. 段首句作文Smoking is harmful to health. Medical science has

26、 now proved that smoking can cause lung cancer and other diseases. Your chances of having a heart attack also increase if you smoke. Smoking is definitely a health hazard.2. 段首句作文Getting rid of the smoking habit is not easy. Many life-long smokers are never able to quit completely. Those who try to

27、give up smoking often experience depression, severe headaches and sometimes gain a lot of weight as they turn to food as a substitute. Some heavy smokers make up their mind to quit many times.2. 段首句作文In order to protect non-smokers from becoming smokers, measures should be taken to reduce the appeal

28、 of smoking. Children must be warned of the danger of smoking. Cigarette companies should not be allowed to advertise on television or radio, in newspapers or magazines. In a word, we should let the public realize smoking harms their health. With great efforts made, we are sure to enjoy better healt

29、h.3. 标题型作文只有标题Should men and women be equal? Many say that men and women should not be equal because many things men do could not be done by women. They say that all along men have been shouldering the responsibility of protecting women. Therefore, men are stronger than women and the former should h

30、ave more rights than the latter.3. 标题型作文 From a certain point of view, these remarks may sound reasonable. But taking everything into consideration, one must consider men and women equal. Nowadays many things done by men could also be done by women. Women frequently succeed brilliantly in many field

31、s, such as drivers, doctors, university professors, scientists and presidents of countries. So women are as good as men.3. 标题型作文 From the time when mankind first appeared on this earth, there have been men and women. Humanity could not have existed and progressed without either of them.4.关键词作文考生根据题目

32、和给出的关键词进行写作根据所提供的关键词提出问题，阐明观点并得出结论具体要求：1.透彻理解标题的含义，把握中心思想2.仔细研究、推敲关键词，搞清关键词表达的概念，说明的问题并确定主题句。3.从关键词中确定段落的写作方法，例如：因果关系、对比对照关系、时间顺序等，进一步确定文章的语篇结构及各段之间的内容结构。4.关键词作文例文：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about My College Life. You should write a passage with the

33、words and phrases given and it should be no less than 120 words.Key words: fresh on me, campus, classmates, life, different from, middle school, do.myself, an important stage, pave the way, educated.4.关键词作文My College Life Everything seemed fresh to me when I entered the college. The college campus l

34、ooked much larger than that of the middle school. I put my luggage in my new bedroom because I should live in the college dormitory instead of going back home after classes every day. I bought new books. I would get along with new classmates and study new subjects under the guidance of new teachers.

35、 Everything around me was new. It seemed that I began a new life.4.关键词作文 My college life is entirely different from the life in middle school. When I was in middle school, my parents and teachers treated me like a child. My parents cared for me in every detail. They expected nothing of me but to stu

36、dy well. Teachers told me what to study and how to think. In the college I have to do everything myself. I have to decide for myself what to do, what to study and how to think. I feel I am on my own and I have grown up.4.关键词作文 College life is an important stage in my life. It paves the way for my fu

37、ture, because it can make me not only a highly educated person but also a man of independent mind. Actually it will lay a good foundation for my future.5. 情景作文给出题目和规定情景和信息和要点，如时间、地点、任务、自然情况等。充分发挥想象力，写出合情合理的短文。情景作文通常给予内容提示、题材暗示，但需自拟提纲。情景作文基本可以分为两大类 1. 限定位写作 2. 部分限定性写作5. 情景作文1.限定性写作 给出的题目及某些提示，限制了文章的中

38、心思想、主要信息、文章思路和部分内容。Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Going abroad to Study”. You must base your composition on the following instructions 现在有很多家长送孩子到国外去读书，你认为这样做对孩子有利还是有害“说明你的观点和理由。5. 情景作文Going Abroad to Study Sending children abroad to study

39、 has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person. Some support it and others worry about it. But for what I think, it is at least not bad. 5. 情景作文 Firstly, China has a larger population of 1. 3 billion, so it cant provide better chances, advanced equipment and quali

40、fied teachers for every child. And each year only a part of high school students can enter the college. So some parents who have enough money to send their children to America, Britain, Canada and Australia to study and seek better opportunities to develop them.5. 情景作文 Secondly, parents want their c

41、hildren to learn to be independent. Since those children are mostly the only child in their family, they usually get too much care and attention from their parents and their grandparents. As a result, they often depend upon their parents to do everything. They cant even make their own decisions. So

42、going abroad to study is also a good chance to help children grow.5. 情景作文 Finally, with the development of science and technology, international communication becomes more and more. Accordingly, the English language is increasingly important in our life. Studying in English speaking countries may be

43、 helpful to the future of those children. To conclude, going abroad to study is beneficial to children if the parents can afford to do so.5. 情景作文2. 部分限定性写作 作文只给题目和一个大的背景，没有具体的细节。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about “New Years Celebration”. You should wri

44、te a passage with the facts given below and it should be no less than 120 words, using the facts given below: The Lunar New Years celebration is coming. I am certainly looking forward to it, for it has been my favorite time of the year.5. 情景作文New Years Celebration I am certainly looking forward to t

45、he Chinese Lunar New Years celebration! It has been my favorite time of the year. The markets and stores are beginning to fill up with crowds of people, who are buying everything they need before the celebration begins. 5. 情景作文 When I was a child, the New Years celebration was so exciting to me. In

46、the crowded markets I bought firecrackers like all the other kids. Then beginning on New Years Eve, the sound of exploding firecrackers was everywhere, day and night! On New Years Day we watched huge parades go in the middle of the streets. People in costumes danced lion and dragon dances, and playe

47、d instruments in front of us. We visited friends and relatives to wish them Happy New Year.5. 情景作文 As the years have gone by, I have grown up. Instead of staying at home with my family on New Years Eve, I prefer to go out with my friends to celebrate and dance. We will enter the New Year with happin

48、ess and make greater progress.Tips:1.认真审题后列出各段的主题句，然后围绕主题认真审题后列出各段的主题句，然后围绕主题句展开讨论。句展开讨论。2.段落展开的基础是情景。发挥想象段落展开的基础是情景。发挥想象, 组织内容，组织内容，连句成篇，避免与情景不相关的内容。连句成篇，避免与情景不相关的内容。6. 图表作文-看图作文根据给出图画、表格、曲线写作。把图表中的直观内容完整和准确地表达出来。而且也要揭示这些图表的思想、观点及所证明的问题。具体分类：1.看图作文 图画加标题和提示。看图作文可以是单纯地说明、解释、叙述，也可以夹叙夹议吗，还可以写成故事。如果是组图

49、，要分清这次先后，按合理的顺序和层次写。6. 图表作文-看图作文Directions: Study the following pictures and write an essay “A Glorious Death” in no less than 120 words. Remember to write clearly.6. 图表作文-看图作文6. 图表作文-看图作文A Glorious Death One afternoon Wang Li, a worker of 26 in the Darning Factory , was on his way to the station. H

50、e was very excited that day because he would meet his wife who was coming back from a business trip.6. 图表作文-看图作文 There was not anyone in the street. It was so quiet that he could even hear the sound of the river by his side. Suddenly he heard a cry: Help! Help! He got off his bicycle and saw a boy s