2022年初中宾语从句和定语从句讲解和小练习 .pdf
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1、宾语从句一. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。 That 只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. 他说他想呆在家里。She doesn t know (that) she is seriously ill.她并不知道她病得很严重。I am sure (that) he will succeed. 我很确定他会成功。自创:我知道他正在工作:2.
2、 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。 这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们正在等谁吗?He asked whose score was the highest. 他问谁的分数是最高的。Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 你能告诉我, 3 路车站在哪吗?I don t know why the train is late.
3、我不知道为什么火车迟到了。自创: 老师问谁的父母还没来学校?3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。If 和 whether 在句中的意思是 “ 是否” 。 例如:I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在那里。He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我,我是否给他给他提供帮助。自创: 他问我小李是否在家?二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如:I hear (that) physics isnt easy.我听说物理不是那么简单。I think (t
4、hat) you will like this school . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 我认为你将会喜欢这个学校Please tell me when well have the meeting.?请告诉我我们什么时间开会?三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如:I don t think (that) you are right.我不认为你是正确的。
5、Please tell us where he is. 请告诉我们他在哪Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态。例如:He asked what time it was. 他问我现在几点了。He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting. 他告诉我他正在为运动会做准备。He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否已经写信给彼得了。3.
6、 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。例如:Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. 我们老师说一月是每年的第一个月。We all know that the earth goes around the sun. 我们都知道,地球随着太阳转。【中考范例】1 Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2009.A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析
7、】答案: D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,所以应选D。2.I dont know when _.A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案: B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B 在语序和时态上符合要求。3.-We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Sweden(瑞典) . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - -
8、- - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【解析】答案 : C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知:他们说的是某人是哪里人。A 和 B 可以排除掉。 D 的语序不对,只有C 正确O(_)O 来练练吧一、选择填空。( )1. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are
9、 free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring ( )2. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry ( )3. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does th
10、e car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car ( )4. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris ( )6. She told me the sun _ in the east(东方). rise (升起)A
11、. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 定语从句一、概念在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that , which, who(宾格 whom ,所有格 whose)等,关系副词包括whe
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