2022年初二英语上册知识总结 .pdf

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1、第 1 页 共 25 页初二英语上册第八单元知识归纳Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? 知识归纳1.No, one more thing. 不行，还有一件事。One more thing意为“还有一件事”。 More也可以表示“又，再”，但与基数词连用时，它与another 位置不同， another 在基数词前， more在基数词后。助记： 基数词 +more+ 名词 相当于 another+ 基数词 +名词。 意为 还有，另外有We stayed there for two more days. 我们在那儿又待了两天。May I have

2、 another two bananas？我可以再吃两个香蕉吗？2. How do you make a banana milk shake?你怎样制作香蕉奶昔？【解析 1 】 how“怎样，如何”，用于提问动作的方式，方法，手段( ) _ did you make the model plane? A. What B. How C. Which D. Who 【 _do you like Huo Zuns “Roll of Bead Curtain(卷珠帘)”? - Very much. You know I love songs that both have great lyrics an

3、d beautiful music. A. Why B. How C. When D. What 【解析 2】make made made v 制，做( ) I am hungry . Do you have anything to eat? Yes, Let s _ some bread. A. do B. make C. have D. give 【短语】 make dumplings 包饺子 make a kite 做风筝make a banana milk shake 制作香蕉奶昔make faces 做鬼脸 make friends 交朋友 make the bed 整理床铺make

4、 mistakes 犯错 make up 编造 make room 腾出地方【句型】 make sb. sth = make sth. for sb. 为某人制作某物Lucy made me a beautiful card . =Lucy made a beautiful card for me. 使役动词，意为使、让常用短语： make sb do sth 使某人做，后接省略to 的不定式Make sb/sth +adj 使某人 / 某物保持状态Eg：The story made me cry. 这个故事让我哭了。My mother makes me clean the room. 我妈妈

5、让我打扫房间。You made Lucy unhappy. 你让露西不高兴了。This photo made me very sad. 这张照片让我很伤心。拓展：与 make用法相同的使役动词还有：have let 都意为使，让 make sb. do sth使某人做某事Our teacher made us _(listen) to them carefully. 【解析 3】 shake （shook , shaken） v 摇动； 抖动Shake hands with sb. 和某人握手Shake one head 摇头名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - -

6、 - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页 共 25 页 When we meet Americans for the first time, we should _(握手)with them. Youre supposed to shake _ (hand) when you meet your friends. 3. Turn on the blender. 打开搅拌器【解析】 turn v 旋转，转动(1)turn on 打开，指把电器，水龙头等打开；反义词为turn o

7、ff “关闭”。Turn on TV please. I want to watch the talk show. 请打开电视，我想看脱口秀。(2)turn off 关闭，是 turn on的反义词。Make sure to turn off the light before you leave. 临走前一定要熄灯。(3)turn up 旋大；把声音调大 ( 反) turn down 把声音调小Turn the heat up high. Its a little bit cold. 把暖气开大，有点儿冷。turn down 旋小Would you turn down your radio a

8、 little? 把收音机关小一点好吗 ? (4)turn right/left 向右转 / 左转(5)turn to 翻到 Turn to Page5. (6)take turn to do sth 轮流做某事(7)Its one s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事The room was dark , so she asked me to _ the lights. A. turn up B. turn down C. turn off D. turn on Remember to_ _(关掉)the tap when you are not using it. Mum wa

9、nts to watch the CCTV news. Lets _the TV. A. turn down B. turn on C. turn off Would you be so kind as to _ your music? I am preparing for tomorrows speech. Sure. Sorry to disturb you. A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on 4. cut up the bananas. 切碎香蕉cut up. 把切碎代词作宾语的时候，须放在中间cut into . 把切成（形状）【解析】 cut cu

10、t cut v 切，割 cut up 切碎【注】:(v +adv), 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间，名词做宾语，可放在中间或后边cut into 把切割成 Can you cut the meat into slices?cut down 砍倒We mustn t cut down any trees.cut off 切断，砍掉 cut in 插嘴 cut ones hair 理发If farmers _ trees and forests, giant pandas _ nowhere to live. A. cut down; have B. will cut down; will have

11、C. will cut don; have D. cut down; will have 5. Peel three bananas. 剥三根香蕉【解析】 peel (1)v 剥皮，削皮peel sb. sth=peel sth for sb. 为某人削（水果皮）Mary peeled me an apple 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页 共 25 页(2) n 水果皮apple peel 苹果皮

12、orange peel 香蕉皮peel 意为“剥，削（水果的皮）”，为及物动词，其后既可接名词、代词作宾语，也可接双宾语，即peel sb. sth. 或 peel sth. for sb.，意为“给某人削（剥）果皮”。【例句】1. I often help my mother peel potatoes. 我经常帮妈妈削土豆。 2. Please peel a banana for me. = Please peel me a banana. 请帮我剥一个香蕉。【考查点】单词本身【易错点】后接双宾语的情况【考题链接】Your brother is very young. Please pee

13、l an orange him. A. to B. for C. with D. of 解题思路： peel sth. for sb.=peel sb. sth.，意为“给某人削（剥）果皮”。句意为“你弟弟还小，请给他剥一个橘子。”答案： B 6. Pour the milk into the blender. 将牛奶倒入搅拌器vt. pour 倾倒、灌、倒，其后可接宾语或双宾语。（过去式： poured 过去分词： poured 现在分词： pouring 第三人称单数：pours）【解析 1】pour v 倒，灌into prep 到里，进入到 之内 pour into 把. 倒进Plea

14、se pour the milk into the blender. Pour out 把到出 Please pour the cold water out . pour into 表示“把倒进里”。The peasants poured the grain into the elevator. 农民们把谷物倒进仓里。( ) Don t _ waste water into the river.A. turn B. make C. pour D. put 【解析 2】in/ into in 是表示物体位置的静态介词，意为在什么内部in the desk. into 是表示动作方向的动态介词，和

15、动词搭配成短语时，表示进入“ 到里； 进入里” 。表示方向，后跟表地点的名词，前面常有动词, 常与表示动作的动词come; go ; run等连用。反义词为out of “ 从里出来 ”7. Put the bananas and ice-cream in the blender. 把香蕉和冰激凌放进搅拌器。【解析】 put put put v 放，放置put on 把. 放在上 Put your book on the desk. put in 把 放在里Don t put too much salt in the soup.Put into 把 放在里【短语】： put up 张贴 put

16、 away 把收拾好 put on 穿上 put off 推迟 ( ) Then you need to add some relish to the top of the bread. A. cut; up B. turn ;on C. put; on D. pour; into 8.How many bananas do we need? 我们需要多少香蕉？How much yogurt do we need? 我们需要多少酸奶？【解析】 (1) how many + 可数名词复数“ 多少 ” , 常用来对可数名词的数量提问 How many _ do we need to make fr

17、uit salad? Two should be enough. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页 共 25 页A. Cabbage B. potatoes C bananas D. lemon 2. How many _ are there in the basket? A. potato B. bread C. tomatoes _people are there in your family?

18、Three. A. How often B. How long C. How many D. How much (2) how much+ 不可数名词“多少” , 常用来对不可数名词的数量提问，还可以对物品的价格提问_ did you pay for the CD? Only nine dollars. A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often Jenny, I need some milk. OK, Mum. _ do you need? A. How much B. How many C. How often D. How long

19、9. We need three bananas. 我们需要三根香蕉。【解析 2】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1) 人做主语， sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事Students need _(have) a good rest in studying. (2) 物做主语， sth need doing sth= sth need to be done . Don t throw away the waste paper. It needs _ so that it can be reused. A. to destroy B. destroying C. t

20、o collect D. collecting 用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)needn t = don t have to 没有必要We _ use mobile phones when the plane takes off. A. may not B. shouldn t C.neednt D.mustnt (2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must, 否定回答用 neednt Must we take out the trash now? _. You can do it after class. A. Yes , you must B. No ,you c

21、ant C. Yes, you may D. No, you neednt Mum , I want to buy an iphone 5s for a changer Well , I think there is no _ . It s almost the same as an iphone 4s. A.reason B.need C.answer D.way The man is feeling much better now, so you _ call a doctor. A. needn t B. cant C. mustn t D. shouldntFrom March 23r

22、d 2013, anyone under the age of 14 _ go into Disneys US parks alone. A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. mightnt You _ worry about me. I feel much better now. A. mustn t B. can t C. needn t D. won t 2. need的用法 : . need实义动词，意为 “ 需要” ，need+名词/代词，We need 2 spoons of honey. need to do sth. 需要做某事，Do you ne

23、ed to stay at home? 你要呆在家里吗？. need 作情态动词，一般只用于对must的否定回答，不用于肯定句。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页 共 25 页Must he leave now? No, he neednt. 不，他不必。10. We need one cup of yougurt. 我们需要一杯酸奶。【解析】不可数名词的“量”的表达方式：【用法】不可数名词没有复数形式

24、，在表达它的量时，常用容器或质量的计算单位来表示，即：“数词 + 量词+ of + 不可数名词”。若数词大于 1 时， 只需要把不可数名词前面的量词变为复数。a cup of 一杯 two cups of 两杯a teaspoon of 一茶匙two teaspoons of 两茶匙a slice of 一片 two slices of 两片a kilo of 一公斤 five kilos of 五公斤( ) We have bought two _ for the coming party. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apple

25、s D. boxes of apple 11. Let s make fruit salad. 咱们制作水果沙拉吧。Let me think. We need two apples. 让我想想 . 我们需要两个苹果。【解析 1】Lets do sth 让我们一起做某事用来表示说话者的建议肯定回答： OK/All right/Thats a good idea./Yes ,lets 否定回答： Sorry, I cant Lets go for a walk. All right./ Sorry, I cant( ) What good weather! Lets go boating on t

26、he lake. _. A. That s all right B. Thank you very much C. It doesnt matter D. That s a good idea【解析 2】 let sb. do sth 让某人做某事 Let me see. Let me _(help) you. 12. No, one more thing. Finally ,don t forget to add some salt. 不，还有一件事。最后别忘了放点盐。【解析】 forget v 忘记forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（事情未做）Don t forget _(cl

27、ose) the door when you leave. forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（事情已做）I forget closing the window. remember 记得，记住forget to do sth 记住要做某事forget doing 记得做过某事Mum, remember to buy a story book for me. I remember going there before. I m sorry, Mr. Li. I _ my English homework at home. Don t forget _ it to school tom

28、orrow. A. left, to bring B. forgot, to take C. lost, to bring 13. Finally ， turn on the blender. 最后，打开搅拌器。adv. finally 最后，多修饰动态动词，位置较灵活，可位于句中、句首或句尾，位于句中时，要放在 be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。 They finally found the lost child. 他们终于找到了丢失的孩子。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - -

29、 - - - - 第 5 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页 共 25 页【解析】 final adj 最终的 finally adv 最后地 = at last = in the end final exam 期末考试finally = at last = in the end 最后Sally works very hard. Finally , she won the first place. A. At the end of B. At last C. Luckily D. To the end 13、amount 【用法】 n.总数；总额；量；数额。amo

30、unt 用来修饰不可数名词，常用短语是 a large amount of. 【例句】1. The amount of money is 2,000 dollars.钱的总额是两千美元。2. The boss has a large amount of money.这个老板有一大笔钱。【考查点】与不可数名词搭配【易错点】与不可数名词搭配【考题链接】_ food is wasted. A. ManyB. A large amount ofC. AmountD. A large of 解题思路：大量的食物都被浪费掉了。a large amount of 用来修饰不可数名词。答案： B 14. Fi

31、rst Next Then Finally 首先，然后其次最后【解析】叙述做事的顺序或某事发生的顺序 ( ) How do you make fruit salad? _ cut up three bananas and a watermelon .Next put them in a bowl. A. First B. Next C. Then D. Finally 15 Finally mix it all up. 最后把它们混合在一起。【解析】 mix v 混合 mixture n 混合物 mix up 混合在一起（ v+adv）跟 pron. ,放中间 ( ) All the ingr

32、edients are in the bowl. Lets mix it all _. A. up B. down C. on D. to v. mix 混合，掺和，搞混，经常用于 mix sth with sth 的结构中，表示用 .与. 混合。（过去式： mixed 过去分词： mixed 现在分词： mixing 第三人称单数： mixes） The painter was busy mixing his colors. 画家在忙着调颜色。 This paint mixes easily with water. 这种颜料容易与水混合。 知识拓展 - 相关短语 mix up 表示“搅和，拌

33、和，混淆”。如： Mix up milk and water. 把牛奶和水混合。 I m sorry I have mixed your names up. 对不起，我把你们的名字记混了。16.Then , add the cabbage , tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes.然后，加入卷心菜、西红柿、和洋葱再煮10分钟名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - -

34、- - 第 7 页 共 25 页【解析 1】add v 加 add to 增加addto 把. 加到. 上 add up to 总共达( ) The bad weather only added _ our difficulties. A. in B. to C. on D. with 【解析 2】another + 数词+ 名词的复数形式 = “数词 + more + 名词复数形式”another adj. “另一个”, 修饰名词作定语，用来指三者或三者以上的“另一个” Could we see each other at 9 oclock tomorrow morning? Sorry,

35、lets make it _ time. A. others B. the other C. another D. other v. add 加；增加；补充，通常用于add sth to sth的结构中，表示将某物加到某物中。（过去式： added 过去分词： added 现在分词： adding 第三人称单数： adds） If you add two to five, you get seven. 2 加 5 等于 7. Please add some salt to the soup. 请在汤里加点儿盐。 知识拓展 - 相关短语 1. add to sth. “增加某事物”，如： The

36、 bad weather only added to our difficulties. 这种坏天气只会增加我们的困难。 2. add up “加起来”，如： Add up all the money I own you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 3. add up to sth. “总计，共达”，如： The numbers add up to 100. 这些树木合计为 100。17. I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。【解析】 help v 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的A little wine will not be _ to your health.

37、Just dont drink too much.A. helpful B. helpless C. harmful D. harmless help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事I can t find my English book. Could you help _ find it? A.her B.him C.me D.them (2)with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在的帮助之下( ) _ your help, we couldnt

38、catch the thief. A. With B. Under C. For D. Without (4)can t help doing sth 情不自禁的做某事(5) help oneself to 请随便吃James, help_(you) to some salad , its just behind you. Help _ to some fish, Jeff. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself 18. Half a cup . 半杯名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

39、- 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页 共 25 页【解析】 half a 一半的 . “half of +名词” 作主语时其后的谓语动词由of 后的名词决定。Half of the books are novels. Half of his money was stolen. 19.It is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn. 它是一个感谢秋天丰收的时刻。【解析】 give thanks for sth.对某事表示感谢； give thanks to sb

40、. for sth.因某事而感谢某人。I want to give thanks for my dear mother s love.我想感谢亲爱的妈妈给我的爱。She gave thanks to me for my help. 她对我的帮助表示感谢。20.Next,fill the turkey with some bread mix. 把上面的面包混合物塞入火鸡中。【解析】 fillwith 意为“ 把用装满”(表动作 ) be filled with 意为“ 装满 ”(表状态 ) be full of 意为“ 充满；装满 ”(表状态 ) Fill the bottle with som

41、e water, please. 请把这个瓶子装满水。My life is filled with happiness. 我的生活充满欢乐。The bottle is full of milk. 瓶子里装满了牛奶。21、It s time （for sb ）to do sth 是某人做的时候了It s time for sth 是做的时候了It s time (for me) to go to bed. Its time for dinner. 21. First , put some butter on a piece ofbread. 首先，在一片面包上涂些黄油。a piece of 表示

42、“ 一块，一片，一段，一根” 。piece 后面常接不可数名词，但是piece 自身是可数名词，有复数形式，用of 结构表示不可数名词的数量。【解析 1】 piece n 片，块 （指部分的或个别的事艺术品，音乐的幅，首，篇）a piece of of music 一首音乐a piece of advice 一条建议 Can I help you , sir? I d like to have 100_. I want my students to draw pictures. A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. pieces of papers 【

43、解析 2】bread n 面包 （不可数名词），表示数量时，与a piece of 连用Im so hungry. Please give me _ to eat A. three bread B three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads D three piece of bread Could you please get me some_? Im hungry.A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg 22、slice 【用法】 slice意为“薄片，切片”，常用短语a slice of表示“一片”。【例句】名

44、师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页 共 25 页1. What he needed was just a slice of chicken. 他所需要的仅仅是一片鸡肉。2. Please give me a slice of bread to make a sandwich. 请给我一片面包， 我要做三明治。【考查点】用 slice 来表达不可数名词的量【易错点】 slice 的复数形式【考题链接】The

45、re are two in the basket. A. bread B. breads C. slices of bread D. slices of breads 解题思路： bread是不可数名词，表示复数时，只能在表示数量的名词上体现。答案： C 23、 top 【用法】 top 是名词，意为“顶；上部”， on the top意为“在上面”； on 表示在一个面上， top 后常接 of。【例句】1. The mountain tops are covered with snow. 山顶遍布积雪。2. She put some sugar on the top of her cake

46、. 她在蛋糕上加上糖。【考查点】短语 on the top of【易错点】介词 on 【考题链接】the top of the hill, there are many trees. A. With B. On C. In D. Under 解题思路： 句意为“在山顶上有很多树。 ”on the top of表示“在的顶部” ，为固定搭配。答案： B 【即学即练】1. Before we eat bananas, we should them first. A. cut B. mix C. peel D. check 2. Pass me three (slice) of chicken. 3

47、. The high mountain has a tower on the t of it. （根据句意及首字母提示完成单词）24.These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family. 现在多数人们仍然以同家人共聚盛宴来表达感恩的思想。基本用法v. celebrate 庆祝，歌颂，赞扬（过去式： celebrated 过去分词： celebrated 现在分词： celebrating 第三人称单数：celebr

48、ates ）Tom celebrated his 24th birthday two days ago. 汤姆两天前庆祝了他的24 岁生日。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页 共 25 页知识拓展 -相关单词n. celebration A wedding is a joyful celebration of love. 婚礼就是快乐的爱情庆典。25. Do you like lettuce in s

49、andwiches? 你喜欢在三明治上放莴苣吗？【解析】like v 喜欢（反以） dislike like to do sth 喜欢做某事（ 指做具体的事） I like _(打篮球 ) like doing sth 喜欢做某事 （指兴趣爱好） Tom likes _(想要钓鱼 ) this morning26. In most countries, people usually eat traditional food on special holidays 在大部分国家，人们通常在特殊的节日里吃传统食物。【解析 1】tradition n 传统 traditional adj. 传统的T

50、he Spring Festival is Chinese _(tradition) Festival 【解析 2】on special holidays 在特别的节日里27. For some people, it is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn. 对一些人来说，它是对秋收表达感激之情的日子。【解析 1】 It s + a good time + for sb. to do sth 对某人来说，这是一个做某事的好时机( ) It is polite( 礼貌的 ) _ a gift when you visit somebody