2022年语法复习-虚拟语气 .pdf

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1、第 1 页 共 4 页语法复习： 虚拟语气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：一、用过去时态表示。二、从句含should 的句型。三、虚拟语气的其他用法。一、用过去时态表示。1、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语过去时，主语should（could, would, 或 might）动词原形，如：If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If 主语 had过去分词，主语should（c

2、ould, would, 或 might ） have过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：If 主语 +should do/ were to do/ 过去时 , 主语 should（could, ）原形do。If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I w

3、ere to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry. 4、若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：If it had rained last night （过去），It would be very cold today （现在）If I had taken your advice

4、（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）5、含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将 if 省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：Had they time （=If they had time ） ，they would certainly come and help us Should it be fine （=If it should be fine ） ，we would go for an outing Were I you（=If I we

5、re you ） ， I would go 6、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。Without you, I would never know him. But for your cooperation, we wouldn t have done the work so well.But that she was afraid, she would have said no. I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - -

6、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页 共 4 页I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working. I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!2、wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致主语过去时；与过去愿望不一致主语 had过去分词；与未来愿望不一致主语 would（could）原形。I wish I were you. I w

7、ish I had visited the White House when I was in the States. I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party. 3、as if 句型在 as if 引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；They talked as if they had been friends for years She loves the children as if they were hers. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been

8、there. 4、 It s (about / high)time that在 it is time 后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。It s time I was going. It s time somebody taught you to behave yourself.It s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.It is high time that we put an end to this discussion. 5、would rather 更愿，更想would rather do

9、 （与现实相反）have done （与过去相反）从句（过去时态）do than do I d rather you posted the letter right away.I d rather you went tomorrow than today.I d rather you had returned the book yesterday. Whom would you rather have go with you? Alice says she d rather not go tonight.-Did you stay home last night? -Yes, but I wo

10、uld rather have gone dancing. I d rather lose the game than hurt him.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页 共 4 页二、从句含 should的句型。1、It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural that.等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即 Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：It i

11、s necessary that he（should）be sent there at onceIt is strange that he clean the room every day. 2、 suggest, order, insist, demand, advise 在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语（ should）动词原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o clock.（宾语从句）We suggested that the meeting should not be held. It wa

12、s required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）注意 1：在这种句子中绝不出现“would ” “must” “could”等。注意 2：suggest表 “ 暗示、表明 ” 和 insist 表示“ 坚持认为 ”,其后的宾语从句用陈述句语气。例如： You pale face suggests that

13、 you are ill. / He insisted that he was right. 三、虚拟语气的其他用法。1、 if only If only 引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish 宾语从句”If only he could come! 他要能来就好了。If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式；如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+ 动词原形；如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。If only I were you! If only you h

14、ad come yesterday! If only Linda could go with us tomorrow! If only I had said more about it! *（only if 表示 只有 ；if only 则表示 如果 就好了 。 ）2、 may+动词原形表示“祝愿”或“但愿”，may 居于句首。May you be happy! May you succeed! 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - -

15、- - - - 第 4 页 共 4 页II 、实战演练用所给动词的适当形式填空1.-If he _ (warn), he _ (not take) that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. 2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _ (break). 3.I would rather they _ (not hear) of the news. 4.I wish I _ (have) a room of my own when

16、 I was a child. 5.To the surprise of the public, the identification of the cause of such a simple event _ (take) more than a year. 6.Without air to hold some of the sun s heat, the earth at night _ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay. 7.If I had worked harder at school, I _(sit) in a comfort

17、able office now. 8.Her pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _ (have) a medical examination. 9.I insisted he _ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ (be) wrong with him. 10.He asks that he _ (give) an opportunity to explain why he s refused to go th

18、ere.11.It is high time we _ (get) down to discussing this plan. 12.If it were not for the fact that you _ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now. 13.Who do you suggest _ (send) to work there? 14.I would have come earlier, but I _ (not know) that you were waiting for me. 15.If it

19、 _ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled. 答案： 1. had been warned; wouldn t have taken 2. were broken 3. didn t4. had had 5. should have taken 6. would be 7. would be sitting 8. was; have 9. go; was 10. be given 11. got 12. are 13. be sent 14. didn t know15. should/were to rain 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -