2022高考英语 名师指导分项拿分专训 单项填空（词汇大舞台）＋阅读理解.doc

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1、(五)单项填空(词汇大舞台)阅读理解(限时30分钟).单项填空1(2013河北普通高中高三质量监测)I found that she was unhappy and didnt say _ word all _ way home.Aa; the B/; / Ca; / D/; the答案：A考查冠词。句意：我发现她不高兴，回家的路上都没有说一句话。word表示“说的话”时，为可数名词，故第一空用不定冠词a。all the way home意为“回家的路上”，为固定搭配，故第二空用定冠词the。2(2013宁夏银川一中高三第四次考试)Each of the 400 people received

2、 from their boss _ gift“Who moved my cheese？”， _ bestseller in the US, which helped them understand how to deal with changes in their lives and work.Athe; / Ba; / Ca; a Dthe; a答案：C考查冠词。句意：400人中的每个人都收到了来自老板的一份礼物谁动了我的奶酪？，这是美国的一本畅销书，有助于他们理解如何应对生活和工作中的变化。两个空处都表示泛指，故都用不定冠词a。3(2013吉林长春三校高三调研)I started as

3、_ office clerk, and turned _ department manager three years later.Athe; the Ban; aCan; / Dthe; /答案：C考查冠词。句意：我从一名办公室职员做起，3年后成了部门经理。_office clerk表示“一名办公室职员”，用不定冠词an；turn表示“变成”时后面作表语的名词前不用冠词。4(2013吉林长春高中毕业班第一次调研)When the policeman stopped us, we all looked questioningly at him, _.Anervously and puzzled

4、 Bnervous and puzzlingCnervous and puzzled Dnervously and puzzling答案：C考查形容词作状语。此处为形容词作伴随状语，所以选C项。5(2013湖北武汉武昌区高三联考)When _ a job, you should highlight your experience and skills.Aaccounting for Binterviewing forCapplying for Dsearching for答案：C考查动词短语辨析。句意：求职时，你应该突出你的经验和技能。根据句意可知应选applying for“申请”。acco

5、unt for“解释，说明”；interview for“为面试”；search for“搜索”。6(2013辽宁六校高三联考)She was told to wear flat shoes _ her back problem.Aon account of Bregardless ofCin terms of Din case of答案：A考查介词短语。句意：因为背部有问题，她被告诉穿平底鞋。on account of表示“因为，由于”。B、C、D三项分别表示“不管，不顾”“从方面来说”“万一，如果”。7(2013甘肃兰州名校高三检测)Many people believe that hun

6、ger is only a problem in the developing countries._， it is a problem all over the world.AFor one thing BIn additionCAs well DOn the contrary答案：D考查介词短语。句意：很多人认为饥饿只是发展中国家的问题。相反，这是全世界的问题。for one thing“首先，其一(用来列举理由)”；in addition“另外，除此之外”；as well“还”；on the contrary“正相反”。根据句意可知应选D项。8(2013山西高三诊断)Chengdu ha

7、s focused on improving the surrounding countryside, _ encouraging largescale city expansion.Adue to Brather thanCexcept for Dother than答案：B考查介词短语辨析。句意：成都已经集中改善周边的乡村，而不是鼓励大规模的城市扩张。根据句意可知应选rather than“而不是”。due to“由于，因为”；except for“除了以外”；other than“除了”。9(2013哈尔滨四校高三统一检测)In fact fuels we burn and plant

8、food we eat _ their chemical energy in the form of heat.Agive in Bgive offCgive away Dgive up答案：B考查动词短语。句意：事实上我们烧的燃料和食用的植物性食物都以热量的形式放出它们所含有的化学能量。根据句意可知应选give off，表示“放出，发出”。10(2013河北普通高中高三质量监测)While working outdoors, Linda was _ by the heat and fell to the ground, unconscious.Aastonished BdepressedCo

9、vercome Dhit答案：C考查动词辨析。句意：Linda在户外工作时热晕了，倒在地上，不省人事。astonish“使吃惊”；depress“使沮丧”；overcome“受到的极大影响”；hit“打”。根据句意可知应选C项。11(2013乌鲁木齐高三第一次诊断性测验)Yesterday, I came across my former classmate, but his name _ me, which made me embarrassed.Aforgot Bmissed Cescaped Dreminded答案：C考查动词辨析。句意：我昨天偶然碰到我以前的同学，但是我记不起来他的名字

10、了，这让我很尴尬。escape这里表示“被忘掉”，符合句意。12(2013北京东城区高三教学统一检测)He is, how shall I _， not fat but rather well built.Aput it Bmake it Cmean it Dget it答案：A考查动词辨析。句意：我怎么说呢，他不是胖而是身强体壮。put“表达，说”，how shall I put it表示“我怎么说呢”。13(2013黑龙江四校高三联考)The teacher has to _ the two students as they are always talking in class.Apic

11、k up Bset up Csplit up Duse up答案：C考查动词短语辨析。句意：老师不得不把这两个学生分开，因为他们总是上课说话。pick up“捡起，搭载”；set up“建立，创立”；split up“分开”；use up“用完，用光”。根据句意可知答案为C项。14(2013湖北武汉武昌区高三联考)One way to _ species under threat of extinctionwhatever the causeis to remove them to zoos or parks and feed them there.Abetray Bresist Cprese

12、rve Dabandon答案：C考查动词辨析。句意：一种保护无论是什么原因造成处于灭绝状态的物种的方法，是把它们迁移到动物园或公园里并且在那里饲养它们。根据句意可知应选preserve，意为“保护”。betray “背叛”；resist“抵制”；abandon“抛弃”。15(2013银川二中月考)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number.Aof Bas Cby Dwith答案：C考查介词。by name意为“按名称，用名字”。.阅读理解A(2013安徽高考)The Healthy Habits Surve

13、y(调查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits.Here are some findings and expert advice.1How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning w

14、ith a batteryoperated toothbrush.Brush gently for 2 minutes at least twice a day.2How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week.And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.Step：We touch

15、 our faces around 3,000 times a dayoften inviting germs(病菌) to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3How often do you think about fighting germs?Finding：Seniors are

16、 not fighting germs as well as they should.Step：Be aware of germs.Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.本文为应用文，属于介绍说明类调查报告。本文介绍了一项对美国年长者健康生活习惯的调查结果及专家建议。1What i

17、s found out about American seniors?AMost of them have good habits.BNearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.CAll of them are fighting germs better than expected.DAbout one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一条调查结果“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可

18、知D项正确。2Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands _.Atwice a day Bthree times a dayCfour times a day Deight times a day答案：D细节理解题。根据第二条调查结果中30%的年长者一天洗手四次，由“half of the number doctors recommend”(医生建议数目的一半)知，医生建议每天洗手的次数应该是八次。3Which of the following is true according to the text?AWe should keep

19、 from touching our faces.BThere are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.CA kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.DWe should wash our hands before touching a door handle.答案：C细节理解题。在第三个Step中，作者用了一个强调句型“.it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵) that can carry more germs th

20、an anything else？”来说明：不是你的洗手间而是你厨房里面的海绵携带的病菌最多。故选C项。4The text probably comes from _.Aa guide book Ba popular magazineCa book review Dan official document答案：B推理判断题。A：导游指南；B：大众杂志；C：书评；D：官方文件。本文是一份关于健康的调查报告，出现的地方最可能是杂志，故选B项。BChina is a land of bicycles.At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the c

21、ountry.Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle.Millions of them, all black.Cars were rare.Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year.Ive found the opposite is true.There are millions of cars.However, people still use their bicycles to get around.For many, its the easiest and cheapest way to

22、travel today.Bicycles also come in different colorssilver, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want.Its fun watching people biking.They rush quickly through crossroads, move skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks(人行道)Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just c

23、ant provide.Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle.Great weather accompanied my great buy.I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.My first ride home was orderly(守秩序的)To be safe, I stayed with a “pack” of bikers while cars on the streets cam

24、e running swiftly out of nowhere at times.I didnt want to get hit.So I took the ride carefully.Crossing the streets was the biggest problem.It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States.The streets here were wide, so crossing took time, skill and a little bit of luck.I finally

25、 made it home.The feeling on the bicycle was amazing.The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful.I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people.Biking made me feel alive.本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国作为一个自行车大国，吸引了作者这样的外国友人骑自行车。自行车作为一种方便快捷的交通方式，在交通方式日益复杂的现代社会，正扮演着不可或缺的重要角色。5Ac

26、cording to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today?ABecause they are traditional and safe.BBecause they are convenient and inexpensive.CBecause they are colorful and available.DBecause they are fast and environmentfriendly.答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“For many, its the easiest and cheapest

27、 way to travel today.”可知，自行车是最方便、最便宜的交通方式。故选B项。6The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended _.Ato ride it for funBto use it for transportCto experience local cultureDto improve his riding skills答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture，I decided to buy a bicyc

28、le.”可知，“我”想要成为这种中国文化的一员，决定买一辆自行车，即想要体验这种文化。故选C项。7How did the author feel about his street crossing?AIt was boring. BIt was difficult.CIt was lively. DIt was wonderful.答案：B细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Crossing the streets was the biggest problem.”可知，骑车过马路是有难度的。故选B项。8Which of the following best describes the author

29、s biking experience?AThe author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.BThe author was annoyed by the air while riding.CThe author was praised by the other bikers.DThe author took great pleasure in biking.答案：D推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，“我”非常喜欢骑自行车。故选D项。疑难词汇解读1rare adj.稀有的，罕见的It is a rare Ming Dynasty vase.这是一个稀有的明代花瓶。2accompany vt.陪伴，伴随Thunder usually accompanies lightning.雷声常常伴随着闪电。7