【高考复习指导】2021届高考英语二轮复习 专题五 介词和介词短语课堂训练.doc

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1、专题五介词和介词短语1. (2014江苏卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does pushups too to stay _A. in place B. in orderC. in shape D. in fashion2. (2014北京卷)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour. A. by B. inC. for D. until3. (2014福建卷)Our club is open to every

2、one _ age, sex or educational background.A. due to B. except forC. along with D. regardless of4. (2014江西卷)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life _ his great wealth.A. without B. despiteC. in D. to 5. (2014天津卷)_ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government

3、 support.A. In reply to B. In addition toC. In charge of D. In place of6. (2014浙江卷)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _A. in return B. in commonC. in turn D. in place7. (2014浙江卷)People wont pay attention to you when t

4、hey still have a lot of ideas of their own crying _ expression.A. from B. overC. with D. for8. (2014大纲卷)September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill.A. by B. forC. with D. in9. (2014湖北卷)Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables _ and immediately use or throw away any which s

5、how signs of rotting.A. in demand B. in storeC. on loan D. on sale10. (2014陕西卷)The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.A. by B. ofC. in D. with1. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：Tom坚持早上跑步并且还常常做俯卧撑来保持身体健康。in place(就位，到位)；in order(井然有序)；in shape(身体健康)；in fashion(流行)。2. 【答案】

6、 B【解析】 句意：Jane很匆忙，因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。本题的关键是“the train to the airport leaves”，此处使用一般现在时代替将来时，表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。 “in一段时间”可以和将来时连用。3. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：我们俱乐部向所有人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育程度。due to(由于，因为)；except for(除之外)，强调整体与局部的关系；along with(和一起)；regardless of(不管，不顾)，侧重于不考虑，不关注。4. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：真是难以相信啊！尽管Mr. Lucas有很多钱，但他过

7、着简单的生活。without(没有，要不是)；despite(尽管，不管)。根据句意说明上下文之间存在转折关系，选项中只有B项与之相符。5. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：除了学校，村子里还有诊所，诊所也是在政府的支持下建成的。in reply to(作为的回复)；in addition to.意为“除之外，包括在内”；in charge of(负责)；in place of(代替)。6. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：当James住在村子里的时候，他无私地和村民们分享了他所拥有的东西，没有要求任何回报。in return(作为回报)；in common(有共同之处)；in turn(反过来；依次

8、)；in place(在合适的位置)。7. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：当人们有很多自己的想法渴望表达时，他们是不会听你的。cry over sth.(因而哭泣)；cry for sth.(渴望；急于得到)。8. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：九月三十日前你必须付清账单。by意为“不迟于(某时); 在之前”，符合题意。本句先行词是the day，所以也可用on，但意思稍有不同，表示“在那天”。9. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：检查储藏着的胡萝卜，土豆，洋葱和其他蔬菜，然后立即使用或者扔掉有腐烂迹象的蔬菜。in store(贮藏); in demand(有需求); on sale(廉价出售); o

9、n loan(借用，借贷)。10. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：那个有着蓝色眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。with blue eyes(有着蓝色眼睛的)，在句中作后置定语，修饰the Scottish girl。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其用法多而杂。要注意识别考纲中规定的介词及其相关搭配的基本意义和用法。近年来，常考的一词多义的较难介词有：off, against, across, beyond, over, with, through等， 同时介词in, on, under, for, out of n结构也是热点。要点储备1表示时间的in, on, atat表示

10、片刻的时间，in表示一段时间，on总是与日子有关：如：at noon/night/Christmas, at the end /beginning of, at that time；in the morning, in October/1988, in the past, in the future；on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on a warm morning2表示时间的since, fromsince指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始，一般用现在时，过去时或将来时。如：I hope to do more exercise fr

11、om today.3表示时间的in, afterin指在一段时间之后，与将来时连用，after表示在某一具体时间点之后，与将来时或过去时连用；或用在过去的一段时间后，与过去时连用。如：After 2 days, he returned. It will be finished in 3 days.4表示地理位置的in, on, toin表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Anhui lies on the north of Jiangsu. Japan lies to the east of China. Changchun is in the northeast o

12、f China.5表“在上”的on, inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分。如：There is a dictionary on the desk. He dug a hole in the wall. There is an interesting article about the film in the newspaper.6表“穿过”的through, acrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关through the tunnel/pipe/forest across the street/square / road7

13、表“关于”的about, onabout指涉及到，on指专门论述tell sb. about sth.；write an essay on sth.8between与amongbetween表示在两者之间或两两之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. They divided the money up among the children.9besides, but，except for与exceptbesides指“除了还有，再加上”，相当于in addition (to), wh

14、ats more, apart from, aside from, as well as，句子中往往含有else, more, other, too等词。如：All went to the cinema besides me. except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首。如：We all passed the exam except Tom. but与except意思相近，表“除了之外”，用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything和其他疑问词之后。如：Never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. exc

15、ept for表“如无就”，只表明理由细节，它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.10表示“用”的in, with, by, over, on, throughwith表示具体的工具，in表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音。如：He is writing in ink / with a pen. The English measure things in pounds. Read the text in a loud voice. by, over, on, thr

16、ough多用于无形的工具或方式、手段。如：by hand/machine, on the telephone, over/on/through the radio, through the telescope, through hard work by working hard11as与likeas意为“作为，以地位或身份”，like意为“像一样”，指情形相似比较：Let me speak to you like a father. Let me speak to you as a father.12in与intoin通常表示位置(静态)，但与drop, fall, put, throw, b

17、reak等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向，into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置13表旅行方式的by, in, onby sea/water/plane/air/land/bus/taxi/ship/spaceship on a plane, on an early train, on ones bike, in a new car, on foot, on horseback, on a horse, on the camel14表原因的because of, due to, thanks to, on account of because of与on account of通常作状语，位于句

18、首或句中。如：The sports will be put off till next Monday because of / on account of the heavy rain. due to通常可作表语或状语。如：His illness was due to smoking and drinking. thanks to意为“幸亏，多亏”，褒贬均可。如：So far, China has avoided largescale damage, thanks to its generally effective response.15表示处于某种状态的on, in, underon用于表

19、示动态，如正在从事某种活动或处于某种运动状态之中。如：on business, on a visit, on strike, on sale, on show/exhibition/display, on watch, on fire, on vacation/holiday in多用于表示静态状况，如安全、危险、健康，涉及人的情绪等。如：in trouble, in danger, in order, in surprise, in silence, in high / low spirits, in debt, in power under多表动态，后加抽象名词，表 “在的过程中”，有被动

20、含义。如：under repair, under discussion, under debate, under attack, under consideration, under way, under review16of great / much n. very adj.Its of great/much value. It is very valuable. Its of no use. It is not useful. It is useless. Tom and he are of an age / the same age. Tom is as old as he.17with

21、和在一起；由陪同；有在场。如：You cant see John at the moment, as he is with the manager. 表两事物之间相应关系或齐头并进的意思。如：With time passing by, they have grown up. 带有，带走，携带。如：The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee. 表方式。如：The stranger spoke with a foreign accent. 表原因或理由。如：The little child trembled with fear.My wife is in bed

22、 with influenza. with结构在句中可作状语或定语。如：The boy with his front teeth missing likes singing.18by意为“不迟于(某时间)，到为止”。如：I will have got the work finished by the end of this week.意为“在期间”。如： They decided to travel by night/ by day.指身体的某部位。如： He seized me by the arm/hand/hair/collar.意为“由于的结果，凭借”。如：He succeeded b

23、y working hard.意为“以的幅度”。如：This one is shorter than the other by three inches. We lost the match by one goal.表买卖东西所按以计算的数或量，或付酬所按以计算的时间。如：Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound and eggs by the dozen.意为“按照，根据”。如：By the expression on his face, he seemed to be displeased.意为“经，由”。如： The stranger e

24、ntered the room by the back door without being noticed. 意为“在旁边；紧靠”。如：The little boy stood closely by his mother. 19易用错介词in the direction of(朝方向)with the help of/aid/assistance(在帮助下)，the news in the newspaper(报上的消息)，be wounded in the leg(腿上受伤), tickets for the film(电影票), the key to the door(门的钥匙)20常用

25、介词短语according to, at the age of, at the back of, at the bottom of, at the end of, at the foot of, at the edge of, at the mercy of, at the idea / thought of, at the sound of, at the sight of, because of, by accident /chance, by hand, by mouth, by no means, by the dozen, instead of, up to, due to, owi

26、ng to, thanks to, on account of, in terms of, in view of, in defense of, in response/answer/reaction to, in turn, in return, in case(of), in vain, in need, in the /ones way/path, regardless of/in spite of, in honor of, in praise of, in place of, in celebration of, in charge of, in memory of, in need

27、 of, in search of, in the form of, contrary to, in harmony with, in place/ out of place, at random, on average, on behalf of, at length, on purpose, with the purspose/intention/aim of, with the help/assistance/aid of, with the development of, with the view of, with no relation to, with regard to, wi

28、thin the reach of, under the name of, under the control of, under the charge of, under the condition of重点突破：介词与动词、名词及形容词的搭配，同时结合语境，准确解答。备考时还应注意常用介词在不同情景、不同场合中的使用；牢记与该介词相关的搭配和介词短语的意思。1. The computer game is designed for game lovers, young ones _A. in particular B. in placeC. in return D. in advance2.

29、 Tom has been most helpful to us; _ I dont know what we should have done without him.A. as a result B. on the contraryC. on the whole D. in fact3. Heavy smog blankets Beijing._， city authorities start using its new smog warning system.A. In turn B. In timeC. In response D. In return4. Are you nearly

30、 through? _， Ive only just begun.A. As a result B. On the contraryC. In a word D. In the meanwhile5. _ several parking tickets, the driver was also fined for speeding on the highway, which is likely to contribute to his driving license being cancelled.A. In terms of B. In spite ofC. Far from D. Apar

31、t from6. _ the pressure from work, they have to deal with psychological problems caused by the relationship among colleagues.A. As far as B. As long asC. As well as D. As soon as 7. Look at this years sales figures _ last years; theyre much better.A. against B. from C. with D. between 8. A special t

32、itle was awarded to Zhang Lili, an ordinary Chinese teacher, _ her act of bravery to rescue two students at the risk of her own life.A. in favor of B. in place ofC. in honor of D. in terms of 9. After graduation, Frank often thought of those who helped him _ his school life.A. of B. across C. at D.

33、through10. Parents are advised to take pressure _ their children and give them some encouragment before an exam.A. off B. over C. from D. to 11. Jennifer has a good nose _ music, and she can sing a song even after hearing it only once.A. to B. by C. for D. in 12. A positive atmosphere can make a cla

34、ssroom a more pleasant place to be and _， a more effective motivating place to learn.A. in return B. in the endC. in turn D. in a word13. Swimming with the tide may be not bad, but sometimes students should have their own thoughts _ just following others.A. but for B. except forC. as well as D. inst

35、ead of14. _ the news of the successful launch of Change3, President Xi Jinping sent a message of congratulations.A. Under B. Over C. For D. At 15. Mr. Smith, my uncle was an extraordinary man who lived life _ the fullest, with great passion, humor, and love.A. on B. withC. from D. to 1. 【答案】 A【解析】 句

36、意：这个电脑游戏专为游戏爱好者设计，尤其是年轻的游戏爱好者。in particular(尤其，特别)；in place(在合适的位置，适当地)；in return(作为回报)；in advance(提前)。本句表强调和特指，故选A项。2. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：Tom对我们一直有最大帮助。事实上，我都不知道我们离了他该做什么。根据句意，后一句是对前一句的进一步阐述，所以选D项。3. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：浓雾笼罩了北京。作为应对，市政当局开始启用新的烟雾警报系统。in turn(依次；反过来)；in time(及时；迟早)；in response(作为回答，作为回应)；in ret

37、urn(作为回报)。4. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：你差不多要完成了吗？恰恰相反，我才刚刚开始。as a result(结果是，因此)；on the contrary(恰恰相反); in a word(总之，一句话)；in the meanwhile(与此同时)。5. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：除了几张违规停车罚单之外，那个司机还因在公路上超速驾驶被罚款，这可能是他的驾驶执照被吊销的原因。apart from(除以外)符合句意。in terms of(在方面，从方面来说); in spite of(不顾，尽管); far from(远非)。6. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：除了工作上的压力

38、，他们不得不应对由同事之间关系所造成的心理问题。as far as(就范围)；as long as(只要)；as well as(除了)；as soon as(一就)。7. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：看看今年与去年的销量对比，今年的好多了。against在本句中表对比，意为“以为背景”。8. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：Zhang Lili一名普通的语文教师被授予特殊称号，以表彰她冒着生命危险挽救两名学生的英勇事迹。in favor of(支持；拥护)；in place of(代替)；in honor of(纪念；表彰)；in terms of(谈及；就而言)。9. 【答案】 D【解析】 句

39、意：毕业后，Frank经常想起那些帮他度过学校生活的人们。through在本句中表“经历，度过”，符合句意。10. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：建议家长们在考试前给孩子们减压，并给予他们一些鼓励。take sth. off / out of.意为“把从中除去”，故A项符合句意。11. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：Jennifer对音乐非常敏感，一首歌她甚至只听一遍就会唱。have a nose for sth.(对敏感；善于发现)。12. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：积极气氛能使得教室成为更愉快的场所，转而成为更有效激发学习动力的地方。in return(作为回报)；in the end(最终

40、)；in turn(反过来，转而)；in a word(总之，一句话)。13. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：随大流可能不坏，但有时学生应该要有自己的想法而不是一味地跟随他人。but for/except for(要不是)；as well as(也，而且)；instead of(而不是)。14. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：一听到“嫦娥三号”成功发射的消息，主席习近平马上发出了一份贺信。at the news of.(一听到的消息)。15. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：Mr. Smith，我叔叔是个不同寻常的人他充满着激情、幽默与爱意地尽情生活着。to the full(est)(尽情地，最充分地)。 请使用“课后训练语法专项突破五”活页练习，及时查漏补缺！- 8 -