2021_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionReadingandThinking素养作业含解析新人教版选择性必修第四册.doc

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1、Unit 1 Science FictionReading and Thinking. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. The new robot is going to be tested (test) out by Larrys wife, Claire. 2. Jack didnt answer my question and his facial(face)expression didnt change. 3. The boy felt embarrassed(embarrass) at his mistaking a stranger for his teacher. 4. I thin

2、k both of them will be glad to accompany (accompany) our honored guest. 5. People are discouraged from participating in too many on-site appointments (appointment) in order to stop further spread of the virus. 6. By the side of the temple there stands (stand) the Druggist Pagoda. 7. They have suspen

3、ded(suspend) the delivery so far as they have to check the quality of their goods. 8. It is better to dismiss(dismiss) the player as he often makes trouble and doesnt work hard. 9. Are you carrying any items that need to be declared (declare)? 10. Well be arriving (arrive) by car about ten oclock on

4、 Friday night. . 选词填空test out, experiment with, on a business trip, more like, look after, or rather, go downtown, in time, come up with, make an appointment with1. She behaves towards me more like a friend than a mother. 2. I am going on a business trip with my boss tomorrow. 3. The university stud

5、ents will test out the computer program for any bugs. 4. We should advertise for someone to look after the garden. 5. Scientists experimented with military rockets in the early research, which prepared the ground for space travel. 6. Americans, or rather Afro - Americans are good at jazz music. 7. I

6、t is necessary for you to make an appointment with the doctor before you go to see him. 8. Based on this plan, the municipal government has come up with 78 detailed tasks, of which 45 have been completed so far. 9. He braked his car just in time to avoid an accident. 10. I will need to go downtown t

7、o the Bank this afternoon. . 完成句子1. Its ridiculous that we should have to queue, when we have already got our tickets. 我们已经拿到了票, 居然还要排队, 这很可笑。2. I am firmly persuaded that (说服)such is the fact. 3. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(锁着门). 4. I admire his talent (欣赏他的才华) for putting diff

8、erent elements, colors and layers into contemporary and functional fashion design. 5. He was drawn on by the hope of improving his own social position (提高自己的社会地位)and that of his family. 6. This company promised to offer (承诺提供)real-time tourism product inventory with competitive prices to its competi

9、tors. 7. The picture was nailed on the wall so that we could remind ourselves of our goals. 这张照片被钉在墙上, 以便于我们可以提醒自己我们的目标。8. Through effort on our part, some of them may change their attitude(改变他们的态度), but perhaps not all can do so. 9. On the top of the mountain stands an ancient tower(矗立着一座古塔). 10. M

10、uch to our amazement, they declared war on us(对我们宣战). . 阅读理解Robots have certain advantages compared to humans: They are efficient, tireless, can be repaired when damaged and they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. While hundreds of

11、thousands of medical workers have fallen ill dealing with this highly infectious virus and a lot more are forced to stay at home for fear of getting the disease, this isnt a problem for robots. This is why the COVID-19 outbreak is seen as the “tipping point”noted The Independent Science reporter Ant

12、hony Cuthbertson-for robots to start to replace humans in certain jobs. In areas like hospitals and healthcare facilities, robots are used to perform high-risk tasks. In China, for example, a hotel in Hangzhou employed a robot named “Little Peanut” to deliver food to people under quarantine(隔离期). In

13、 Spain, robots are about to be used to test people for the coronavirus. Ultraviolet-light-disinfection (紫外线消毒) robots are also being widely used to clean hospital corridors and wards. “Hospitals around the world are waking up to autonomous disinfection, ” Per Juul Nielsen, CEO of Denmarks UVD Robots

14、, a leading company manufacturing disinfection robots, told Forbes. “We cant build these robots fast enough. ”In non-medical companies, robots are also replacing human employees since they dont have the problem of social distancing and will never take sick leave. Walmart and Amazon, for example, whe

15、re robots are already used in sorting, packing and shipping, are planning to increase the number of robots in their facilities. Fast-food chains like McDonalds are not only delivering food with robots in some areas, but also looking to use them as cooks and servers. According to futurist Martin Ford

16、, using more robots than human employees can prove to be rewarding for companies-even when the pandemic is over. “People will prefer to go to a place that has fewer workers and more machines because they feel they can lower overall risk, ” Ford told the BBC. But this sudden surge (激增) in robot deman

17、d doesnt mean that they triumph over humans in every aspect. According to Bill Smart, a roboticist at Oregon State University, the human contact between doctors and patients is still important. Doctors comfort the patients and guide them through hard decisions while robots are only doing routine tas

18、ks, like cleaning and giving tests, just to free up doctors and nurses. It might be true that robots have certain advantages over humans, but they are still secondary to human interaction. 【文章大意】这是一篇科普说明文。通过实例说明机器人的用途: 在与新冠病毒疫情作斗争中发挥作用, 能代替人类做一些人类所不能做的工作等, 但这不代表机器人最终能代替人类。机器人的确有优点, 但仍然在人类互动上略输一筹。1.

19、What is the text mainly about? A. The advantages of robots compared to humans. B. Different views toward applying robots to fight against COVID-19. C. Why the COVID-19 outbreak has fueled robot demand. D. The important role humans play in certain areas. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“这正是为什么新冠疫情爆发被看作是机器人在某些特定

20、的工作中开始代替人类的转折点的原因。”及下文接着讲机器人是如何代替人类做一些特定工作的。可以推断出新冠疫情的爆发, 实际上促进了机器人的使用、发展和壮大, 故选C。2. What has made robots desirable during the pandemic according to the text? A. They can be repaired when damaged. B. They test people for coronavirus more precisely. C. They never get tired and can replace doctors and

21、 nurses. D. They are not vulnerable to the coronavirus. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. ”可知, 机器人不会生病, 它们不受新冠病毒的伤害, 所以受到人们的欢迎。故选D。3. What does Martin Ford think of the application of robots? A. Its benef

22、its are appealing and lasting. B. Machines are less disturbing than humans. C. It poses a threat to human employment. D. There are some risks with the use of robots. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据未来主义者马丁福特的观点, 使用更多的机器人而不是更多的劳动力能够证明这对公司是有回报的。哪怕是在疫情结束以后。可知选A。4. What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs? A.

23、The demand for robots is too great to meet. B. Human interaction is essential in some areas. C. Doctors can make more accurate judgments than robots. D. Robots need updating to improve contact with humans. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知机器人虽然可以替代人类做一些事情, 但仅限于做一些机械的工作, 比如日常事务等。而在人类情感交流方面, 机器人却达不到要求。这说明人与人之间最重

24、要的超越机器人的品质就是能够互动。因此文章最后一段提到也许机器人在某些特定的品质上优于人类, 但它们在人类互动上仍然略输一筹。故选B。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Secrets of People Who Stay Happy in Setbacks (挫折)Bad things happen both personally and professionally. In the face of these setbacks, some people seem to fall apart, while others find w

25、ays to move forward and continue to get things done. Are there things you can do to be resilient (有适应力的)? 1 Understand what you can control and what you cant. The first is to be clear about what factors are under your control. 2 As you are occupied in those actions, you will find that you feel bette

26、r about your work and will also be more productive. Surround yourself with people even if you dont feel like it. Next, engage with other people. When you are sad or stressed, you often dont want to be around others. 3 When you talk about what is making you sad or anxious, you often find that other p

27、eople have had similar experiences that they can share. In addition, social connection is motivating and can help you to focus on tasks that need to be done. 4Finally, go out of your way to give a positive interpretation (理解) of the actions of others. Your negative thoughts will influence the interp

28、retation you give to their actions that can cause you to interact with their anger or mistrust. They will notice your attitude and treat you accordingly. Similarly, when you interpret the actions of other people positively, you are more likely to create good interactions with others. 5 They will als

29、o help you feel better, because each success you have will boost your attitude toward the future. A. Look for an easy win. B. Give everyone the benefit of the doubt. C. The answer to this question is yesto a point. D. But there are several advantages to social engagement. E. Focus on actions you can

30、 take that will make your situation better. F. These strategies will help you to minimize the influence of bad events on your life. G. Instead, find something in your work life that you can complete quickly and successfully. 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。作者谈论了在挫折中保持快乐的秘密。1. 【解析】选C。上文提到: 你是否可以做些什么来提升适应力呢? 这里提出了一个问题,

31、 该空回答这个问题。C选项“在某种程度上, 这个问题的答案是肯定的”很好地承接了上文。选项中的this question是关键词, 指代上文中提出的问题。2. 【解析】选E。上文提到“首先要清楚哪些因素在你的控制之下。”该空“专注于你可以采取的行动, 这会让你的处境变得更好。”这正是上文“清楚在你控制之下的因素”的具体体现。E选项中的make your situation better对应下文中的feel better about your work and will also be more productive。3. 【解析】选D。上文, 当你感到悲伤或有压力时, 你通常不想和别人在一起。

32、设空处表示转折, 但是, 参加社交活动是有好处的。D选项承接上下文, 选项中的social engagement 对应下文中的that other people have had similar experiences that they can share。4. 【解析】选B。下文“最后, 对别人的行为做出积极的解释。”B选项“假定每个人都是无辜的”适合作本段落的小标题, 选项中的“benefit”对应下文中的positive。5. 【解析】选F。下文“它们也会让你感觉更好, 因为每一次成功都会提升你对未来的态度。”下文“will also help”对应F选项中的“will help”,

33、下文是对该空进一步的说明。阅读理解A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.

34、 Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. “Its extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components, ” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic f

35、ly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own, ” he said. They engineered a se

36、ries of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything its connected to, ” said Wood. The

37、 flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured. While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is e

38、ventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around, ” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanic

39、s and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using thes

40、e robots instead, ” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drive us on a day to day basis. ”【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 主要说明了哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发, 创造了第一只机器苍蝇。文章还说明了设计这种机器苍蝇遇到的困难和该飞行装置的应用区域, 这种设计为研究飞行力学和昆虫控制提供了一种新方法。1. Which of the following state

41、ments was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly? A. They did not have sufficient fund. B. No ready-made components were available. C. There was no model in their mind. D. It was hard for them to assemble the components. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“像这样的项目还有一个额外的困难, 那就是这些组件都不是现成的, 所以我们必

42、须自己开发。”由此可知, 工程师们在让机器人飞行时遇到的困难是没有现成的组件。故选B。2. What do we know about the robotic fly? A. The robotic fly has been put into wide application. B. The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system. C. The robotic fly can collect information from many sources. D. The robotic fly can fly we

43、ll with the cooperation of individual components. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中“each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything its connected to. (每一个单独的必须运行良好, 然后必须很好地匹配它所连接的一切。)”可推知, 机器苍蝇需要各部分协作发挥作用。故选D。3. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?

44、A. The robotic fly can replace animals in some experiments. B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments. C. The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects. D. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放式的科学问题, 你知道, 用动物来研究生物学很难, 可以用这些机器人来代替”可知, 伍德的设计可以在某些实验中代替动物。故选A。4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Development of Robotic FlyB. Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering ScienceC. Harvards Efforts in Making Robotic FlyD. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章主要内容是机器苍蝇能够模仿真实的昆虫来进行数据收集工作, 故选D。