2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密21语法填空含解析.doc

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1、解密21语法填空序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。近年高考英语该题型的文章以记叙文和说明文为主，考查的要点分为词法和语法两部分，词法部分包括：1)词类的转换，结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化；2)介词的固定搭配，名词的复数形式及运用；语法部分包括：时态和语态的综合运用，非谓语动词，各种从句等。【备考建议】1.名词形式、

2、动词形式和代词形式的变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化；动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)；代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noonenone、otheranother等。3.形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和est，或在词前Imoreless和mostleast，且形容词的最高级还要冠以th

3、e。4.数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及onetwo的特殊变化形式oncetwice从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。5.词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。6.固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或

4、后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。7.从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。8.短语动词结构及短语介词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor，dueto等。9.连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有bothand.，eitheror.，neithernor.，notonlybutalso.等。10.冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有

5、in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。11.上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；Part 2对点解密【真题对点析】1（2020 全国卷I） China has become the first country to land a

6、spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _61_ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moons far side is _62_ (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio com

7、munication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _63_ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular _64_ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so _65_ the familiar ne

8、ar side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _66_ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it _67_ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the mo

9、on _68_ (construct) Data about the moons composition, such as how _69_ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _70_ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答案】61. touched 62. extremely 63. where 64. interest 65. than 66. to find 67. means 68. is construct

10、ed 69. much 70. its【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。【61题详解】.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。【62题详解】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。【63题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点

11、，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。【64题详解】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。【65题详解】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比更”。故填than。【66题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：

12、中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。【67题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。【68题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之

13、间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。【69题详解】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。【70题详解】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 【对点模拟练】1Mr. James owns a company. He put an advertisement1a newspaper for a boy to work in

14、 his office. Out of nearly fifty people2came to apply, the man selected one and dismissed3others.“I would like to know,” said a friend, “the reason you preferred that boy, who brought neither a single letter,4a single recommendation.”“You are wrong,” said the gentlemen. “He had many. He wiped his fe

15、et at the door and closed the door behind him,5(mean) that he was careful. He gave his seat immediately to an old man, showing that he was kind and6(thought). He took off his cap when he came in and answered my questions quickly, showing that he was a polite gentleman. Everyone else steeped over the

16、 book that I7(put) on the floor purposely. He picked8up and placed it on the table, and he waited quietly for his turn instead of pushing and crowding. When I talked to him, I noticed his tidy clothing, his9(neat) brushed hair, and his clean finger mails. Cant you see that these are excellent recomm

17、endations? I considered them to be more significant than10(letter).”Hearing the words, the friend nodded in agreement.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记述文。通过一个面试告诉我们：细节决定成败。1in考查介词。根据句意：他把一个广告刊登进一份报纸里。考查搭配put sth. in。故此处需要填介词in。2who/that考查连词。根据句意：在来面试的大约五十人中，Mr. James挑选了一个人驳回了其他人的申请。可知此句是定语从句，先行词是people,从句缺少主语故用who/that引

18、导定语从句。3the考查冠词。根据上题解析此处应指剩下的其他人故应填the表特指。4nor考查并列连词。Neithernor”表示“既不也不”。5meaning考查非谓语动词。所填词作状语，其逻辑主语he与mean是主动关系，所以用meaning。6thoughtful考查形容词。根据所填词前有连词and可看出是并列关系，所填词也应是形容词，故填thoughtful。7had put考查时态。根据句意put应发生在steeped over前，所以用过去完成时。8it考查代词。根据此句中的and placed it on the table,”可看出应填it9neatly考查副词。所填词是修饰其

19、后的形容词brushed，所以用副词。10letters考查名词复数。根据句意：我认为它们比信件更重要。可知所填词应是名词，letter又是可数名词故用复数形式。【真题对点析】2（2019 全国卷III）On our way to the house, it was raining 61 hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 62(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pa

20、ck 63 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from the

21、ir trees in the backyard.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68(huge) popular with tourists. On the last da

22、y of our week-long stay, we 69(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.答案61so 62to get 63of 64who 65recommended66competition 67traditional 68hugely 69were invited 70listening【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们

23、去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。61考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so.that.”意为“如此以至于”，固定句型。故填so。62考查固定搭配。本句运用了take.to do sth.，意为“花费做某事”，故此处应填to get。63考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。64考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。65考查一般过去时

24、。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommeded。66考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。67考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。68考查副词。空格处修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。69考查一般过去时的被动语

25、态。句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。70考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。【对点模拟练】2Disneys cartoon movie, Coco, has b

26、ecome1hit and received plenty of positive2(review). It tells a story about a Mexican boy3(name) Miguel. Despite his family generation-old ban4music, Miguel dreams of becoming an accomplished musician. Desperate to prove his talent for music, he finds5(he) in the amazing and colorful Land of the Dead

27、,6(follow) a mysterious chain of events. Along the way, he7(meet) a singer, Hector, and8(passionate) they set off on an extraordinary journey.It is a tale told with considerable wisdom and genuine tenderness. While the movies9(conclude) is not difficult to predict, anyone10heart is not warmed by it

28、may wish to consult with an therapist (心理治疗师).【语篇解读】本文是迪士尼卡通电影Coco的剧情介绍，讲述了墨西哥男孩Miguel的音乐之旅。1a考查冠词。become a hit表示“风靡一时”，故填a。2reviews考查名词。plenty of修饰可数名词复数，故填reviews。3named考查非谓语动词。此处使用非谓语动词，a Mexican boy与name之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语。4on考查介词。Ban on表示“关于的禁令”，故填on。5himself考查代词。此处与前面的he指的是同一个人，用反身代词作fin

29、ds的宾语。6following考查非谓语动词。He与follow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语。7meets考查时态。本文的基础时态为一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词用单数。8passionately考查副词。修饰动词短语set off用副词。9conclusion考查名词。此处用名词作主语，由is判断用单数。10whose考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词为anyone，关系词在从句中作定语。【真题对点析】3（2019 全国卷I）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masse

30、s as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62(poor) studied; however, biologist

31、s calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65(report) increases in bear

32、sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68(high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen rec

33、ognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.答案61that 62poorly 63of/for 64to perform 65have reported66belief 67noting 68higher 69the 70are【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。61考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词e

34、vidence的内容，故填that。62考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。63考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。64考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不

35、定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。65考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。66考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。67考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。68考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。69考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。70考查主谓一致。根据three are de

36、clining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。【对点模拟练】3Chinese net users have found a new way to battle desertification by playing virtual (虚拟的) planting games. Ant Forest, 11 is under Ant Financial of the Alibaba Group, told the Global Times that they had planted over 50 million trees covering about 507

37、square kilometers across China from 2016 to 2019.Ant Forest is the first such game in China. In the Ant Forest plan, any activity 12(consider) low carbon, including walking, taking public transport and online payments, will be converted into virtual “green energy”. The energy will be used to grow a

38、virtual tree in the “forest” of the 13(user). They exchange 14for a real tree by paying the corresponding energy. Ant Forest will plant the real trees in spring and autumn each year 15the help of local authorities in the desert areas. This way of planting trees16 (recognize) on October 23, 2018 by t

39、he National Afforestation Committee as17means for citizens to fulfill their obligation of planting trees.The Chinese government attaches great18 (important)to the protection of ecosystems. China aims 19(increase)the forest cover to 23 percent by 2020, and to 26 percent by 2035. A new study using dat

40、a from NASA satellite shows that the Earth becomes20(green) as a result of ambitious tree-planting programs in China.11which12considered13users14it15With16was recognized17a18importance19to increase20greener【解析】本文为说明文。阿里巴巴集团蚂蚁金服通过开发“蚂蚁森林”虚拟种植游戏提供给中国网民，从而找到了一种对抗荒漠化的新方法，并且取得了成效。11考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为An

41、t Forest，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。12考查非谓语动词。句意：在蚂蚁森林计划中，任何被认为是低碳的活动，包括步行、乘坐公共交通和在线支付，都将转化为虚拟的绿色能源。分析句子成分可知，该句中主语为any activity其后所填词汇与主语之间有被动关系，作后置定语，故填considered。13考查名词复数。句意：这些能量将被用来在用户的“森林”中生长一棵虚拟树。根据其前的定冠词the可知，此处用名词，根据句意“用户”，可知用复数，故填users。14考查代词。句意：他们通过支付相应的能量，将虚拟树转换为真实树。根据句意可知，此

42、处替代前一句a virtual tree，为特指，故填it。15考查介词搭配。句意：在每年春秋两季，蚂蚁森林在沙漠地区当地政府的帮助下，种植真正的树木。该句中使用with the help of 为固定搭配，意为“在的帮助下”，故填with。16考查被动语态。分析句子成分可知，该句中This way of planting trees为主语，是单数，其与所给词汇为被动关系，用被动语态。根据时间状语on October 23, 2018，可知用一般过去时态，故填was recognized。17考查不定冠词。句意：2018年10月23日，国家造林绿化委员会将这种植树方式作为公民履行植树义务的一种

43、方式。根据句意可知，此处意指“一种方式”，为泛指，means的首字母发音是辅音，故填a。18考查名词。句意：中国政府高度重视生态系统的保护。该句使用固定短语attach importance to ，意为“重视，认为重要”，故填importance。19考查不定式。句意：中国的目标是到2020年森林覆盖率达到23%，到2035年达到26%。aim to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“目标是，旨在”故填to increase。20考查形容词比较级。句意：一项使用美国宇航局卫星数据的新研究表明，由于中国热心的植树计划，地球变得更加绿了。根据句意可知，植树在中国取得了成效，地球变得更加绿色，暗含“

44、比较”含义，用比较级，故填greener。【真题对点析】4 （2018 全国卷1）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61(long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long62(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. W

45、hile running regularly cannt make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease

46、and early deaths from all 67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to68(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always

47、69(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give70a try.答案61 longer 62 to see 63 dying 64 is 65 than 66 that which 67 causes 68 strength 69 energetic 70 it running 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们减少疾病发生，延年益寿。61考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。62考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑的太快或时间太长就能看到它