2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专题03 任务型阅读专项突破-2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专项突破（原卷版）.doc

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1、任务型阅读专项突破l 知识点1任务型阅读概况综观近年全国各地的中考试题，“任务型阅读”考查的题型主要有：阅读简答题、阅读填表题，总体上看，它由两部分构成：短文和阅读任务。l 知识点2阅读填表式任务型阅读的题型分类1. 信息查找，直接获取答案型解题思路：此类题属于细节题，可以直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以所需要的词不需要变换形式，可以直接从文中进行摘抄。l 例题例1： 原文：Some psychologists (心理学家) think that your taste in music is related to (有联系的) your personality.题目：You

2、r in music is related to your personality.例2： 原文：Music tells us who we are. Music reflects the creators thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from.题目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also expresses peoples thinking and _例3： 原文：Be active and hav

3、e a positive attitude (积极的态度) towards life. Develop confidence in yourself.题目：Have an and positive attitude towards life and develop confidence in yourself.例4： 原文：Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate(准确的) by changing abbreviations into whole words, symbols into words, and short

4、ened sentences into longer sentences. Use them to answer your questions. If necessary, ask your teacher for help.题目：Make your notes more complete and accurate to your questions.例5： 原文：If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass their state drivers exam, they can begin driving themselv

5、es to school.题目：They can themselves to school when they are over 16 and have passed the required tests.例6： 原文：Sometimes we work with the best of motives(动机) only to be disappointed by the result.题目：Remembering your motives, not your 2. 信息转换，间接获取【答案】型此类题在实际做题环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息，但这些信息仅为线索或某种提示并非最终【答案】，一定

6、记得加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式，方为正确【答案】。常见的转换方式：1)词性转换名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类间的转化；在初中范围内，常见的词性转换为：A）名词变为形容词：加y:直接加y: health-healthy; frost-frosty; rain-rainy; difficultdifficulty;双写为字母加y: sun-sunny; fog-foggy;去e加y: noise-noisy加ful或者less:hope-hopeful/hopeless; meaning-meaningful/meaningless; wonder-wonderful; cheer-cheer

7、ful; colour-colouful; cheer-cheerful; success-successful; end-endless;B）形容词变为副词：直接加ly: careful-carefully; beautiful-beautifully; bad-badly; excited-excitedly;以y结尾将y变为ily: angry-angrily; heavy-heavily; noisy-noisily; happy-happily;以le结尾将le变为ly: comfortable-comfortably; possible-possibly; simple-simpl

8、y;去e加ly: true-truly.C）动词/形容词变为名词：加ment:agreeagreement; treat-treatment; advertise-advertisement; punish-punishment;improve-improvement; develop-development;加ion:collect-collection; donate-donation; educate-education; organize-organization; invent-invention;加ness:rich-richness; kind-kindness; ill-ill

9、ness; ugly-ugliness; sick-sickness;sad-sadnessD）动词变为形容词：加ed/ ing:surprise- surprising/ surprised; excite-exciting/ excited; tire-tiring/ tired; please-pleasing(pleasant)/ pleased;l 例题例1： 原文：Dont wave your hands to the waiters. Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay atten

10、tion to them. But in France some bread and water will come first, then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(节奏) of the restaurant. Have enough patience(耐心)!题目：Englishmen cant be _ enough for meals while Frenchmen can.例2： 原文：Most teens dont know what their moms favorite is. You do

11、? Then, what are you waiting for? Buy her something she likes and wrap it carefully. The best time to give her that is while she is sleeping at night. Put it on the drawer next to her so that when she wakes up shell be surprised to see it. 题目：Put it on a drawer next to her to give her a _.例3： 原文：As

12、long as you have studied well, you will be more confident of your chance to succeed in a test.题目：Your confidence could lead to your in the test. 例4： 原文：Self-respect is a very important part of a great life. 题目：Keeping a sense of self-respect is of great to a great life.例5： 原文：If we look for good qua

13、lities in other people, it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves.题目：Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more .例6： 原文：Why do we need sleep? Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question. However, tests have shown that lack(缺少) of sleep over

14、 about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature, great weight loss and finally, sickness.题目：Why do we need sleep?Nobody can answer the question _.2)词意转换词汇转换包括同义词、反义词等功能替代型转换；初中范围内（牛津教材）出现的：A) 在单词前加上否定前缀构成形容词的反义词：一般情况下，在形容词前加un: e.g.: necessary-unnecessary; welcome-unwelcome; comfortable

15、-uncomfortable;几种特殊情况，需要再形容词前加in; ir; im; dis等：e.g.: 加in-: active-inactive; correct-incorrect; 加ir-: regular-irregular;加im-: possible-impossible; patient-impatient; polite-impolite;加dis-: honest-dishonest;B) 常见的反义词：cheap-expensive; long-short; same-different; hot-cold; happy-sad; fast-slow; easy-dif

16、ficult;generous-selfish; modest-proud; strong-weak; hardworking-lazy; clever-silly; remember-forget.C) 常见的同义词：happiness=joy; strong= powerful; sad= unhappy; afraid= worried; energetic= lively; calm= relaxed;influence= affect; know= realize; need= require; hope= wishl 例题例1： 原文：Get you ready to unders

17、tand new information your teacher will provide.题目： to understand new information.例2： 原文：It is said that you wont want to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue(五岳) but you wont wish to see even wu yue after you come back from it. 题目：It is said that you wont to visit any other mountain after se

18、eing wu yue but you wont wish to see even wu yue after from it. 例3： 原文：Be sure to remember the following safety tips.题目：Dont _ the safety tips if you find yourself in the path of a hurricane.例4： 原文：If your mind is full of problems in the past, you will always feel ashamed and sad.题目：Dont let your mi

19、nd filled the mistakes in the past例5： 原文：It isnt right to feel better by putting others down. 题目：It is to feel better by putting others down. 3)句子结构转换语法匹配 (to, -ing, -ed, 主被动语态的转换)、连词、介词的运用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换的内容。l 例题：例1： 原文：In classroom, your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying. Th

20、e information they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests. So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say.题目：The information that is by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests, so it is necessary for you to learn take good notes.

21、例2： 原文：Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. 题目：Do something to attract the attention例3： 原文：Students must spend a lot of time learning another language. 题目：It Chinese students too much time to learn a foreign language. 3. 信息归纳题，综合概括获【答案】根据问题查找定位信息，找共性

22、的东西。归纳词的特征包括：概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)、针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度)、醒目性（简洁）。常见概括性词汇有以下几类，需要学生掌握：原因：cause(s) / reason(s) 结果/结论： result(s) / /conclusion(s) 目的：purpose/ aim建议提示： advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s) 问题：problem(s) /trouble方式方法：method(s) /means/ way(s) / manner/ solution(s)措施行动：measure/action特性，特点：characteristics/

23、feature好处/坏处：advantage(s)/ disadvantage(s)主题：theme(s) / topic(s) / subject(s)数字/数据：data/ figure(s)种类：type(s) / kind(s) /形势/情形： situation(s) / condition(s)/ case(s)重要性/意义：importance(s) / meaning(s)l 例题：例1： 原文：There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should hav

24、e regular sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and

25、 many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you from sleeping.题目：The title: to improve sleep quality: Have regular sleep habitsMake your bedroom cool, dark and quietDont drink anything with caffeine at bedtime 例2：原文：Nowadays in school life，a lot of students develop a fear of tests. Its not because tests

26、 are something to be afraid of. Most students are afraid of tests mainly because they dont have enough self-confidence and they dont always think they are well prepared. If you follow the tips below, its not difficult to overcome(克服)your fear of tests. 题目：Title: to overcome your fear of tests 例3：题目：

27、Statistics (统计) about school kids not having breakfast Reasons-They stay up late at night to study and want to stay in bed for a few more minutes. _ -They cant listen carefully in class. They feel sleepy all day. Suggestions-The morning meal is necessary, for it provides much energy.例4： 原文：Music pro

28、vides a kind of ability to know the world in a different way. Science explains how the sun rises and sets. Music explores the emotive meanings. We need every possible way to discover and response to our world because no one way can get it all.题目：A way to know the world:We cant discover and respond t

29、o our world in just one way. Science explains how nature _.例5： 原文：Music is a form of thought, as powerful as science. It is a way we human beings “talk” to each other. Through the language we express our feelings, our discoveries, our ideas, our imagination and our hopes so that they can be shared w

30、ith others. When we do not let our children receive good music education, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science does not tell us what it means to be human. Music does.题目：Music, from science, tells us what it means to be human.l 近三年九年级上期末任务型汇编年份/区域主题文章类型2017-2018玄武A new in

31、vention- the Plant Lamp科技说明文2017-2018鼓楼Negative Thoughts议论文2016-2017玄武How to develop respect for yourself议论文2016-2017鼓楼A Fathers Letter to his Child信件2015-2016玄武The World is Getting Smaller议论文2015-2016鼓楼KobeOne of the Best Basketball Players人物传记【2017-2018学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】Getting electricity has alwa

32、ys been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went worse in March 2017 after heavy rains destroyed the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also dangerous be

33、cause of the harmful gases they produce.Luckily, researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the v

34、illage lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb.While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food (using the suns energy, water and chemicals from the soil), the

35、y also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons(电子). The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to get the energy and keep it in the lamps batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge (电荷)can power a 50-walt L

36、ED light for two hours - enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2017. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp, believes the Plant Lamp could h

37、elp improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no electricity.A new invention- the Plant LampThe problem in the small villageThe people living in Nuevo Saposoa always have much _56_ getting electricity. However things went _57_ for the only power cabl

38、es there was destroyed by heavy rains. The villagers had to use oil lamps, _58_ they are expensive to use and can be bad for health.The _59_ to solve the problemSome researchers made a new kind of lamp. It can be powered by _60_ objects found in the rainforest-plants and soil.The lamp takes _61_ fro

39、m a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it light up an LED light bulb.The science explanationPlants create their food and produce waste which is _62_ to the soil at the same time. Some tiny animals feed on the waste and produce electrons.The UT team can get the energy and keep it in the lamps bat

40、teries. The researchers say a 50-walt LED light can be powered by a single charge for local villagers to _63_ their evening work.ConclusionTen Plant Lamps were given to the villagers and they have been very _64_ since then. Elmer Ramirez, the inventor of the lamp, _65_ that Plant Lamp could help imp

41、rove the lives of many people.【2017-2018学年南京市鼓楼区九年级上学期期末】In our daily life many people always have negative(消极的) thoughts. Being in a negative space is harmful to our life and study. If you keep them in mind, you will lose hope sooner or later. Lets drive away some of the most common negative though

42、ts.No one cares about me.Sometimes you say that your family and friends dont care about you. Maybe youre being too negative and misunderstand the gestures of love they show you. They dont even have to be big gestures, but there are many countless little things they do for you. Maybe you just pay no

43、attention to them and take them as granted. Perhaps you think they dont care about you so you dont make any effort in your relationships. Start showing people you care, so they can show you back in the same way. And if you dont have good relationships with the people you know, whats stopping you fro

44、m making new friends?Why is she better off?Comparing yourself to someone else is never positive. Theres always going to be someone who is younger, prettier, smarter, or richer than you. If you keep admiring what someone else has, then this may cause you to lose the balance in your mind, which will o

45、pen a whole other negative can of worms. Remember, what they dont have is your whole package. Be proud of what you have, because if you want to play the comparison game, remember that there are people who are also worse off than you are.Ill never reach my goal.If you think youre not going to be able

46、 to“get there”, think again. There are many people who are worse off and have overcome more difficulty than what you are facing. Everything is within your reach as long as you work hard and have a positive attitude.Title: 76 thoughtsHarm Being in a negative space does 77 to our life and study. 78 them in mind will make you lose hope sooner or later.Aspects of negative thoughts No one 79 about me. You are too negative to 80 the gestur