2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专题02 阅读理解专项突破-2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专项突破（原卷版）.doc

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1、阅读理解专项突破阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧细节题l 知识点：细节理解题的基本要求和特点 初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。l 知识点：设题方式1) 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原

2、因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。2) 常见的命题方式1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage? 2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? 3.What is the example of . . . as described in

3、the passage? 4.The author mentions all of the following except . . . 5.The reason for . . .is . . . 6.The author states that . . . 7.According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ).?8.Which of the following is right?9.Which of the following is not mentioned?10.Choose the right order of

4、this passage .11.From this passage we know _. 词义猜测题l 知识点：词义猜测的基本要求和特点所谓词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词甚至短语或句子的意义。词义猜测题在中考中一般考一至两道，要求学生在掌握一定的词汇量的基础上，能独立阅读部分生词，理解生词的含义。考察学生通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断的能力。l 知识点：常见的命题方式1. What does the word “_”in . mean?2. It can be inferred（推断

5、，推论）/concluded（推断） (from the passage) that the word“_”means _.3.The word .implies （意味，暗示）that _.4. Which of the following is the closest meaning of the word?5. what do you think of the expression _ stands for?6. The word “_ ” in the passage probably means _.7. In this story the underlined word “ ” m

6、eans _.l 例题例1.根据释义猜测The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain (链条) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zero degrees of s

7、eparation between a person and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom.What is the meaning of “degrees of separation” in Paragraph 2?A. The chain to connect people B. The relations between people C. The steps of knowing strangers D. The sep

8、aration between strangers.例2. 根据同义词和反义词猜测It not only spawned over 104,000 active discussions, but also brought about care about what means a healthy body image.The underlined word spawned in Paragraph 4 probably means _.A. led to B. put out C. talked about D. looked into例3. 根据构词法猜测 Some students who

9、 steal essays (论文) wholesale from the Web, they said, are so lazy they dont even bother to take the advertisements off the cut-and-pasted text.The underlined word “wholesale” in the 2nd paragraph possibly means _.A. for sale in large quantities B. completely copying others workC. in unlimited amount

10、s D. in too large numbers from cutting and pasting主旨大意题l 知识点：主旨大意类题目的特点主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。主旨题主要是考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。这类题大约占总题量的30%。主旨题一般会放在第一个或者最后一个考。这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整片文章中的观点，因此必须看懂全篇文章的意思。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。l 知识点：常

11、见设题方式：1. What is the main idea of this passage? 2.What does the passage mainly talk about?3. The best title of this passage is 4.In this passage the writer tries to tell us that _.l 知识点：解题技巧1. 整体思路（1）仔细阅读全文，判断发现主题句文章的主题句有的文章有而有的却没有，这就需要学生认真地阅读文章，仔细判断（如果有，它经常出现在文章的开始和结尾处，但也不能排除出现在文章中间的可能）。另外，不要被表象所迷惑

12、。有的文章列举一个或几个人们比较熟悉的事例或是用一些具体的事例来说明一个人们不熟悉或是抽象的内容，这时要看清的是文章的本质而不是表面现象。（2）对文章进行分析、归纳和概括并得出正确结论这种情况下大多文章中是找不到主题句的，要求学生在理解全文的基础上自己进行总结。对全文的概括要完整，不能以点带面，以偏概全。在具体的答题过程中学生会发现有个别选项是对的，但它对文章的概括不是很完整，这也不是我们所要的最佳答案。另外，选择“最佳标题”的题目也是属于文章的主旨，但是标题不仅要能完整地概括全文，还要简洁明了，并能吸引读者，这也是学生在选择最佳标题时应把握的一条原则。2. 主题句定位法即通过分析篇章结构，找

13、出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。主题呈现的方式有：说明文议论文记叙文在开头(较常见) 在结尾(较少见)在中间中心贯穿全文(较常见)来源:学科网l 例题例1. 开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。If you plan to take your pet on a trip, prepare ahead of time. At least two weeks before you leave, take your pet to a vet. See if he or she is tit for travel and ask if he or she should have

14、 any medicine before leaving. The vet may suggest certain pills for sickness or for calming the pet.The main idea of this passage is to _.A. warn people to leave their pets at home B. give general information about pet travelC. tell people how to choose their pet boxes D. tell people about foreign p

15、et laws例2. 藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾The practical meaning of this survey result could be that doing one kind act would make you happier, and the happier you feel, the more likely you are to do another kind act. This might also be used by charitable (慈善的) organizations; reminding honors of earlier donations cou

16、ld make them happy, and experiencing happiness might lead them to make more generous gifts.What is the general topic of the passage?A. Advice on how to be happy. B. The importance of being generous. C. Donating things makes people happy. D. Being kind makes you happy. 例3. 尾呼应式在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出

17、主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。The number of rural(乡村的) left-behind children under 17 years old has increased to 61.02 million, according to a report. These childrens parents leave them with their grandparents or other family members in order to make money in

18、 cities. These children are the future of the nation. People should offer them their love, care and protection. The best title of the passage is_.A. Serious facts about rural childrenB. A choice of children or money C. More care to rural left-behind childrenD. A report on parents worry about rural l

19、eft-behind children例4. 藏龙卧虎式即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。In the spring of 1926, Yan Qingbao, a 43-year-old farmer, discovered a circular piece of jade(玉) while digging a hole. Driven by curiosity, he dug deeper and found a group of about 400 colorful

20、jade pieces.At the time, he had no idea that his discovery would be as important as other wonders of the world such as Chinas Great Wall and Egypts pyramids. Since then more than 10000 relics, . The main idea of the passage is_.A. Shanxingdui was named the Scientific Education Base for Chinas YouthB

21、. Shanxingdui was once the political, economic and cultural center of the ancient Shu KingdomC. the importance of the discovery of ShanxingduiD. it has helped modern historians realize that Shichuans human history goes back more than 5000 years推理判断类阅读l 知识点：推理判断题的特点推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断

22、通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。l 知识点：推理判断题的解题思路做推断题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上，以文章提供的事实为依据，将已表述的和隐含的信息结合起来进行思考、分析，透彻理解全文，以领会作者的真正意图，从而做出正确的推理和判断，切不可凭空想象，主观臆断。l 知识点：推理判断题的常见设问方式 1. We can infer /conclude from the passage that _.2. It can be inferred

23、/concluded (from the passage) that _.3. The author strongly suggests that_.4. What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story?/ next?5. We can infer from the text that _.6.From the story we can guess _7. Here “it” means_.8. The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to _.9. The passa

24、ge is probably from_l 例题例1. 判断文章出处Every living thing On Earth is either a plant or an animal, right? Wrong! Many organisms (有机体) in Our world are neither. What are these? They are called fungi (菌类), and you see them almost every day. Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting, such as the green black thing

25、s that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator. But other kinds are not so bad. For example, the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms (蘑菇) are both fungi.Where can you most probably find this passage?A. In a social report. B. In a biology book.C. In a geography magaz

26、ine. D. In a farming book.例2. 与文章细节相关的推断One user of the site, Joseph Meehan, 27, from Birmingham, said, “Its a fun and exciting website. I visit every once in a while when Im missing my friends or family. I think it could really be a help to people that are feeling down or sad. It may even stop them

27、 from doing something stupid. You can also post your video to the website, and they add it to the series. Its very easy to share the love.”According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?A. Jeff Lam is working on a new project to collect more audio diaries.来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.KB. Jeff Lam met a lot

28、of difficulties during the time of creating the website.C. Joseph Meehan has got help from the website and supports it.D. Joseph Meehan has shared his own positive videos with strangers.例3. 对文章结构的推断：. But the large tree he started chewing on last fall was a future goal一he wanted the large tree to pr

29、ovide new food and branches(树枝)for the coming spring. Even with the setbacks he faced over the winter, he never gave up until he reached it.Our beavers experience reminds us that we need to set goals for tomorrow. Sometimes just surviving seems to take up all of our time. .Here is a paragraph(段)When

30、 spring arrived, we went down to see the beavers progress. The tree was about to fall. Our beaver had almost completely chewed around and through the whole tree.” According to the passage, it should be put_A. between paragraph I and 2 B. between paragraph 2 and 3C. between paragraph 3 and 4 D. betwe

31、en paragraph 4 and 5例4. 指代推断：I went on to have an amazing year studying in England, but that was the last time I saw or spoke to any of my uncles family. Yet when I think about that terrible loss in 2008, I remember those strangers hands. They were there when I needed them, and even now, they help m

32、e out of the sadness of that memory. I think of them as I ride the underground in Washington D. C. today, and I watch the citizens and tourists to offer hands at any time.In the last paragraph, the underlined words that terrible loss probably mean _.A. I was crying when I took the underground in Lon

33、donB. I left my uncles family and havent contacted them since thenC. I didnt say thank you to those who gave hands to meD. I lost my good mood and felt sad when I left my uncles family近三年九年级上期末阅读理解汇编年份/区域主题文章类型2017-2018玄武A来源:Z&xx&k.Com招聘广告广告来源:Zxxk.ComBTV series说明文CFamily fights议论文D熄灯或者戴着眼罩时用餐可以减肥科技

34、说明文2017-2018鼓楼A分类广告广告BShanghai DISNEYs theme park说明文CJim and I 记叙文DMessage emoji议论文2016-2017玄武AMetro Lines应用文BPlay (White and Chandler)剧本CMonarch butterfly科技说明文DAntarctica科技说明文2016-2017鼓楼ATextbooks应用文BA jackal and a lion故事CThe function of the APP应用文2015-2016玄武ALittle Tom记叙文BTips to reduce the harm w

35、hen the crush happens应用文CA young couple visited 18 countries议论文2015-2016鼓楼AChinese TV dramas介绍BThe importance of sleep议论文CHow to have a better communication应用文DAre you ready for another child?议论文【2017-2018学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】Student Volunteers Needed! On Monday, February 12th, from 10 A.M. until 4 P. M

36、., Carverton Middle School will be holding a musical festival in the school gymnasium. The special event will feature a variety of professional musicians and singers.Task Time DateMake posters 1 P.M.4P.M. February 5thSet up the gym11 A.M.- 4P.M February 11thHelp performers 9A.M.- 4P.M February 12thW

37、elcome guests10A.M.- 2P.M February 12thClean up the gym 4 P.M.7P.M. February 12th Interested students should speak with Ms. Braxton, the music teacher. Students who would like to help at the festival must have written permission from a parent or a guardian.A26. What time will the festival begin?A. 1

38、0.A.M. B. 11 A. M. C. 1 P. M. D. 2 P. M.27. What does the underlined word “feature” mean in Line 2?A. Look B. Keep C. Include D. Entertain28. What job will be done the before the festival begins?A. Making posters B. Setting up the gymC. Cleaning up the gym D. Helping performersB A new TV series in E

39、ngland, Away from it all, has surprised everyone by becoming a huge success with young people across the country. Its success is surprising because the series is about the relaxing lifestyles of people who live in the country. There is none of the action that we usually see on TV today. There are al

40、so no stressful moments, busy offices or crowded cities. Away from it all is set in the peaceful English countryside and tells simple stories about peoples kindness. The director of the TV series says that its success is a sign of teenagers suffering from stress. They say that watching Away from it

41、all helps teenagers forget about the pressures（压力）of exams and homework, and the troubles that fill the world today. They also say that its a good sign of todays young people switching to（转到）happier TV series as it shows they would like a happier and healthier world. Although the series success migh

42、t have a good side, many teachers and parents are worried, however. They say that some of their students and children are becoming couch potatoes（终日泡在电视机前的人）and are using Away from it all as an excuse for not completing homework. Some children have even refused to learn for exams because they say th

43、at they can only achieve personal happiness by avoiding（避免）stressful situations completely. And what do the experts（专家）say? Paula Ray, a doctor of education, says that TV can influence childrens lifestyles. But she says that if a child reacts strongly, its likely that there are other reasons for his

44、 change in behaviour. She says that there is nothing wrong with watching Away from it all but suggests that parents should make sure their children know TV is not the same as real life. 29. The success of the new TV series is surprising because_. A. it is about life in busy offices B. it is about th

45、e English countryside C. it is the same as other successful TV seriesD. it is different from other successful TV series30. The success of the series shows that young people would like _. A. relaxing jobs B. English TV series C. a world with no homeworkD. a happier and healthier world 31. The director of Away from it all believe that the series helps young people deal with _.A. exams B. stress C. couch potatoes D. simple stories32. Which of the following statements about Away from it all is TURE?A. There is some action we