八年级下现在完成时讲解PPT课件.ppt

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1、上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页have (has）+ + 过去分词过去分词过去分词的变化：规则动词 (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词

2、尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 重点1：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 Work _ _ Live _ _ Stay _ _ Stop _ _ Clean _ _ Study _ _worked workedlived livedstayed sta

3、yedstopped stoppedcleaned cleanedstudied studied不规则动词 AAA型 cost cost cost ；cut cut cut AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 run ran run； come came come become became become ABB型 buy bought bought；build built built ABC型 begin began begun； choose chose chosen过去分词的构成过去分词的构成上一页下一页 Typeoriginal p.t p.pcutcutcuthit

4、(撞击撞击)hithitcostcostcosthurthurthurtPut(放放)putputreadreadreadAAA主菜单meetmetmetkeepkeptkeptmakemademadebringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthoughtteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldlendlentlentspendspentspentfindfoundfoundhearheardheardbuildbuiltbuiltABBbeginbeganbegunsingsangsungdrinkdrankdrunksw

5、imswamswumspeakspokespokenchoosechosechosenknowknewknownforgetforgotforgottenbreakbrokebrokendrivedrovedrivengivegavegiveneatateeatenwritewrotewrittenABCseesawseengowentgonetaketooktakenrideroderiddenwakewokewakengrowgrewgrowndrawdrewdrawnhidehidhiddenABC(now)futurepast 现在完成时现在完成时( present perfect t

6、ense)do my homework Mother: John, clean your teeth please.John: Mum, I them.现在完成时的基本句型现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语 + have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 例句：例句：6.Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。No, he hasnt. 不，他没去那里。7.How long has Mrs S

7、mith been in Beijing？Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？ 句型变换 He has left. 否定句：He_ _. 一般疑问句：_ he _? 回答：Yes, he_. No, he_.hasnt leftHas lefthashasnt句型变换 I have read this book. 否定句：I _ _ this book. 一般疑问句：_ you _ this book? 回答：Yes,I _. No, I _.havent readHave readhave havent现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页- Its so dark.-Someon

8、e has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free(我已经完成了家庭作业我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 现在完成时的运用现在完成时的运用(1):1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before

9、 ,just等连用。.a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。 He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？2. yet在现在完成时中的用法在现

10、在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句: 句末句末 “己经己经” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?b） never 是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来没有从来没有”，而，而ever 表示表示“曾经曾经” We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ c） just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与already，ne

11、ver 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）和动词过去分词之间） He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。just 刚刚刚刚already 已经已经 before 之前之前ever 曾经曾经never 从来没有从来没有so far 到目前为止到目前为止yet 还（没有）还（没有）否定句否定句these days 这些天这些天in the past years / months在过去的在过去的年年/ 月里月里for 时段时段si

12、nce 时点时点现现在在完完成成时时的的标标志志词词1. I _ Enghish in this school since 1999. A.taught B.have taught C. would teach2. Lilei _ the pen for five years A.has had B.boughtC have bought3. He _ finished his homework yet A.doesnt B.havent C.hasnt4. Peter lost his bike yesterday. _ he _ it yet? A. Has; looked for B.

13、Does; find C. Has; found5. Who is he? I _ before. A. havent heard of B. didnt hear of C. havent heard from6. Have you ever been to Guangzhou? No, Ive _ been there. A.never B. ever C. already7. We havent finished our homework_. A.already B.ever C.yet8. Have you_learned English? Yes, Ive _ learned a l

14、ot. A. already; ever B.ever; neve C.ever; already 9. I _ him these days. A. havent hear from B. didnt hear of C. havent heard from10. I have _ 5,000 words so far. A.learnt B. learn C. learning11. The old man _ China several times in the past 10 years. A.has been to B.wen to C.goes to上一页下一页I have lea

15、rnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作或状态态. .常与常与since + since + 过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for + for

16、+ 一段时一段时间，间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段时间一段时间2. since +从句(一般过去时) 单词 词组 (表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.since: (自自以来以来)1)since

17、+时间点时间点He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 时间段时间段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 从句从句She has taught English since he came here. for: (长达）长达）for+ 时间段时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other

18、_ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he

19、came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince下一页上一页主菜单for + 时段时段since + 时段时段 + agosince + 时点时点Its / It

20、has been + 时段时段 + since + 一般过去时句子一般过去时句子1. Its ten years since she . A.has left B.has been away C.left2. I have been here _ 4 years. A. since B. for C. from3. We have learnt English _ six years ago. A. since B. for C. from4. _ has been 5 years since we came here. A. There B. It C. That5. Its three y

21、ears since he the army . A.has joined B.has been in C.joined6. How many years is it _ you graduated from junior high school? A. since B. for C. from 注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How

22、long has she stood here?和时间段连用的一定是延续性动词延续性动词，短暂性动词转换成延续动词才能和时间段连用。短短暂暂性性动动词词和和延延续续性性动动词词短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词borrow buy arrive/ come / goleavebeginfinish / endjoindieopen closemarry不不与与时时间间段段连连用用可可与与时时间间段段连连用用be (in) here / therebe a member ofbe deadbe onhavebe awaykeepbe overbe open (adj.)be closedb

23、e married 短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的关系动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时不能与时间段连用间段连用，上一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思, ,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。主菜单 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。以与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year. year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt com

24、e here for an hour. She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习： 1. 1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。 2. 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years /since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. The old

25、 man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。 4. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left home

26、town for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单1. How long can I _ this book? Two weeks A.borrow B.keep C.lend2. Her father_in 1990 and her husband_for more than five years. A. has died, has died B. has died, dead C. died, has been dead3. I have_ this nice watch for two y

27、ears. A. had B. bought C.borrowed 4. He_his home for ten years. A. has left B. was away from C.has been away from5. He_a League member for three years. A. is B. has been C.has became 6. Lihuas brother has_for two years. A. joined the army B. been in the army C. became a soldier 7. He hasnt_from Guan

28、gzhou ever since he left school A.left B.been away C.been left8. Betty _ here for two hours. She _ here at 8:00 this morning. A. has been; came B. has been; has come C. was; came9. The film _ for five minutes. A. began B. has been on C. has begun 10. You are too late. The shop _ for many hours. A. c

29、losed B. has been closed C. has closed 11. Mary _ Tom in 2000. They _ for 8 years. A.married; have been married B.married; have married C.marries; have been marriedhave been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地

30、，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了”上一页下一页主菜单短语辨析短语辨析短短语语have (has) been inhave( has) been tohave (has) gone to意意义义例例句句他来上海已经有他来上海已经有10年了年了.他去过上海他去过上海3次次.他去了上海还没有他去了上海还没有回来回来.He has been to Shanghai three times.He has been in Shanghai for ten years.He has gon

31、e to Shanghai and havent come back yet.在某地（多长时间）在某地（多长时间）现在仍在那里。现在仍在那里。常与时段连用。常与时段连用。曾去过某地（曾去过某地（次）次）现在已不在那里。现在已不在那里。可与可与just, ever, never,及次数等连及次数等连用，用，去了去了还没有回来还没有回来He has gone to Shanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他他(曾经曾经) 去过上海。去过上海。比较比较 have/has been to have/has gone to用用Have bee

32、n to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空1.Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.3._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.4.Where _ you _ these days?5.Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.6.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.7.Hi Jim! Wher

33、e _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单1. May I speak to Ken? Sorry, he is out. He _ see his teacher, A. goes to B. has been to C.has gone to2. Our teacher _ here since 2004. A. has been in B. has been to C. has been3. Have y

34、ou ever _ Huang shan? Yes, Ive been there twice. A. been to B. been in C.gone to 4. Wheres Daming? He _ the teachers office. A. has been to B. have gone to C. has gone to 与一般过去时的用法比较一一. .现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般过去时，则只般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过去的发生在过去的动作和事情动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。 上一页下一页主菜单现

35、在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别时态时态用法用法例句例句一般一般过去过去时时我昨天丢了我的自行车我昨天丢了我的自行车.I _ my bike yesterday.现现在在完完成成时时我的自行车已经丢了我的自行车已经丢了.我要买我要买部新的部新的.I _ my bike. I have to buy a new one.losthave lost表示动作发生的表示动作发生的时间在过去时间在过去没有说明现在的没有说明现在的情况情况表示过去的动作表示过去的动作一直延续到现在一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动或表示过去的动作对现在造成的作对现在造成的影响影响

36、 2）一般过去时）一般过去时 常与常与具体的表示过去的时具体的表示过去的时间间状语连用状语连用; 现在完成时通常与现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语连连用，或无时间状语。用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few ye

37、ars, recently, -模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语 She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago). (是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)同义句改写：1. He came here two da

38、ys ago. He _ _ here _ two days ago. He _ _ here _two days.2. The film began ten minutes ago. The film _ _ _ _ 10 minutes. The film _ _ _ _ 10 minutes ago.hasbeensincehasbeenforhas been on forhas been on since试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空1 I （live）here since I was ten years old. 2 I （live）here in 19

39、98.3- you your breakfast？-Yes，I have.(have)-When you it？- 30 minutes ago. have livedlivedHavehaddidhave四四)It is +一段时间一段时间 +since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) =一段时间一段时间+has passed +since + 句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army. 写出同义句：He came

40、to China three years ago.He_ _ _China _ 3 years.It _ 3 years _ he came to China.Three years _ passed _ he came to China.has been in forissincehassince1. I have seen the film “Titanic”already. When _ you _ it？ The day before yesterday. A. have；seen B. will；see C. did；see2. Mr Black _ in China since f

41、ive years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives 3. We _ trees last Sunday. So far we _ over 3,000 trees there. A. planted；planted B. planted；have planted C. have planted； planted上一页主菜单动动 词词 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._

42、he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen下一页上一页主菜单4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its

43、interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software prog

44、rams.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last year. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1. How

45、long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单1.The house is dirty. We _it for we

46、eks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 3. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet4. -When will they leave ?

47、-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 5.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were6. She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 7.How long do you think the meeting _ A is las

48、ting B is lasted C will last D lasts Choose the best answer1 What a nice watch ！How long _ you _ it？ Just three weeksA will，buy B did，buy C have ，had2 you _in Greener China for a long time？ Yes，I joined it five years agoA Have，been B Has ，joined C Have ，joined3 Teacher Li Japan，he_ Japan for two yea

49、rs A has been to，has been to B has gone to ，has been inC has gone to ，has been to 4 The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer for half an hourA has left B has been away C has gone away5 I this book for two days ，I have to return it nowA borrowed B have borrowed C have kept （C）（A）（B）（B）（C

50、）6-When you your old friend? -The day before yesterday.A will,visit B did ,visit C have ,visited7 Mrs White _ in this school since she came here.A teaches B taught C has taught8 No children_ football in the street since a car hit a boy last Sunday.A have played B played C playing9 -Im sorry to keep