2022年初中英语初一名词及所有格 .pdf

《2022年初中英语初一名词及所有格 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年初中英语初一名词及所有格 .pdf（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、学习必备欢迎下载第四讲名词及所有格姓名：学校：年级：【学习目标 】 ：1. 了解名词及所有格的定义，及其用法2. 通过读写训练，掌握名词及其所有格的用法【知识要点】一、名词的概念及分类名词是表示人、事物、物质种类、抽象概念的词，它属于一种重要的实词。名词可以从不同的角度进行分类，分类如下：1、根据构词法进行分类： 简单名词： man chair land water 复合名词： farmland roommate seaside 派生名词： argument ability greatness questionnaire 2、根据词汇意义进行分类：专有名词和普通名词， 其中普通名词又可分为个体

2、名词、集体名词、 物质名词和抽象名词。3、根据语法意义进行分类：名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。名词普通名词个体名词表示人和事物的的个体book chair house teacher doctor table 可数名词集体名词表示人或一些事物的群体或总称family,police,people, baggage ,clothing 物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词water air tea snow rain wood 不可数名词抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质等抽象概念work health fun luck future 专有名词专有名词一个人和事物所特有的名称，如时间、地点、机

3、构、国家等。Mr. Brown, China the White House, 二、名词的数1、可数名词的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载一般情况加 -s 1.清 辅 音后 读/s/; 2.浊 辅 音和 元音后读 /z/ map-maps bag-bags car-cars 以 s,sh,ch, x 等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-bus es box-boxesbrush-brush es,watch-watchesce,se,ze, (d)ge 等结尾的

4、词加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses 以 y 结尾的1)以 辅 音 字 母 +y结尾的词2) 元 音 字 母 +y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 es 直接加 s变复数1.清 辅 音后 读/s/; 2.浊 辅 音和 元音后读 /z/ 1)baby-babies,factory-factoriesstory-stories2)monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 以 o 结尾的名词1)有生命的加 es 2)没有生命的加 s 3) 均可1.清 辅 音后 读/s/; 2.浊 辅 音和 元音后读 /z/ 1)potatopotatoestomatotomat

5、oes2)photo-photos piano-pianos 3) zero-zeros / zeroes Volcanovolcanos/ volcanoes 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词1)去 f,fe 加 ves 2) 加 s 3) 均可1.清 辅 音后 读/s/; 2.浊 辅 音和 元音后读 /z/ 1)half-halveswolf-wol ves,wife-wi veslife-li ves thief-thieves2)belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs 3)handkerchief- Handkerchiefs / h

6、andkerchiefs 例外 Stomachs, pianos, photos, roofs, safes 保险箱 , beliefs信条2、可数名词复数的不规则变化构成方式例词变内部元音foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-miceman-men woman-women goose- g eese 词尾加 -en或-ren child-child renox-oxen单、复数词形相同a deer two deer，a sheep five sheep ，a fishthree fish，a means some means 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

7、 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载汉语音译词如度量衡、币制等单位的名词无复数形式,但要用斜体ten jin100mu ten liseven dan表示“ 某国人 ” 的名词，其单、复数变化的 3 种情况单复数形式相同a Japanese-five Japanese a Chinese-ten Chinese 词 尾 的man 为men a Frenchman two Frenchmen an Englishwoman seven Englishwomen 词尾加 -s a German five Germans a Russian ten Ru

8、ssians3、复合名词的复数形式1)一般将主体名词变为复数。mother-in-law mothers -in-law 岳母 passer- bypassers -by 过路人looker-onlookers-on 旁观者 editor-in-chief editors -in-chie 主编2)无主体名词构成的复合词，在词尾加一s。如：go-between go -betweens中间人，媒人grown-upgrown-ups 成年人3)由 man或 woman 构成的复合名词，两者都要变成复数。如：a man teacher two men teachers； a woman docto

9、r ten women doctors4、不可数名词的量的变化1)借助单位词表示不可数名词的量a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water （milk ） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 2） 用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少 ， 不可数名词 也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, muc

10、h 等来修饰。The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass ？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice5、名词单、复数的特殊用法1）有相同两部分组成的名词（谓语动词用复数）glasses眼睛, contact lenses隐形眼镜 , trousers裤子, scissors剪刀, shoes鞋, socks袜子, gloves手套三、名词所有格及其用法。名词的格的种类精选学习资料

11、 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载英语名词有三个格，即主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格形式相同，所以它们又统称作通格。当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时，用通格。英语名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分-s 所有格 和 of 所有格 两种形式。定义：名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系的一种形式，名词所有格的构成包括 s所有格、 of 所有格和双重所有格。（1）- s所有格的构成方法一般情况 (包括单数名词和不带词尾s 的复数名词 )加 - s：children s books 儿童图书today s pap

12、er 今天的报纸带词尾 s 的复数名词只加省字撇 ()：girls school 女子学校the Smiths car 史密斯家的小汽车注：带词尾 s 的单数名词，通常仍加 s：the boss s pl an 老板的计划the hostess s worry 女主人的担心带词尾 s 的人名，可加 s 或只加省字撇 ()：Dickens novels 狄更斯的小说Charles s job 查理斯的工作不带词尾 -s 却以咝音结尾者，一律加s：Marxs works 马克思的著作Georges room 乔治的房间注意： （考点）如果一个事物为两个人或两个以上的人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词的末

13、尾加s。E.g. This is John, Jack a nd Toms room. E.g. Mr. Green is Jim and Kates father. 表示某人的家，店铺的所有格，一般可以省略它所修饰的名词。the Green s 格林家 the barbers 理发店at the tailors 在裁缝店at the doctors 在医院the Smith 史密斯这个人the Smiths史密斯一家人the Smiths史密斯的家（住处）the Smiths史密斯一家人的家（住处）s 所有格常表示有生命的东西，但也可表示无生命的东西，如：时间，自然现象，国家，城市等实体，度

14、量衡以及价值等。例：five minutes walk 五分钟步行的路程today s newspaper 今天的报纸精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载thirty dollars value 30 美元的价值Chinas capital 注：一个七岁的女孩a seven-year- old girl a seven years old girl a girl of seven a girl of seven years 一百米的赛跑100-meter race 100 meters race用 a

15、nd连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时， 要分别在并列连词后加 -s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-s：Tom s and Jim s rooms 汤姆和吉姆 (各自)的房间Tom and Jims rooms 汤姆和吉姆 (共同)的房间 用于某些固定表达中：a stone s throw 一箭之遥at one s wit s end 黔驴技穷at arm s length 以一臂之距out of harms way 在完全的地方（2） 、of 所有格表示无生命的名词的所有格，一般用of 所有格。如：the legs of the chair 椅子的腿th

16、e cover of the book 书的封面（3） 、双重所有格双重所有格，即两种形式结合在一起应用“of + 名词s”。如：the books of the librarys图书馆的书a photo of Jim a photo of Jim s (4) -s 所有格与 of 所有格的用法比较(1) of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物，也可用于无生命的东西。 of 所有格有时可以与 -s 所有格互换。 如：Mr Smith s son = the son of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子Jims patience = the patience of Jim 吉姆的耐心the Qu

17、eens arrival = the arrival of the Queen 女王的到达(2) 必须用 s 所有格的情形：表类别时： men s shoes 男鞋， children s stories 儿童故事表来源时： Johns telegram 约翰的电报当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时：Marys husband, a policeman, has just been here. 玛丽的丈夫是个警察，刚刚来过这儿。(3) 必须用 of 所有格的情形：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载用于无

18、生命的事物时： the subject of the sentence 句子主语表同位关系时： the City of Beijing 北京市当中心词是名词化的名词时：the life of the poor 穷人的生活当 of 所有格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时：Mr Smith is a foreign teacher of a university in China. 史密斯先生是中国一所大学的外籍教师。名词所有格【经典例题】1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories

19、解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D 三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词 , 因此选 C. 2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 解析: orange 有两种含义 , 一种可数名词橘子 , 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词 , 第二空填不可数名词 , 因此选 C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to h

20、is home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walkC. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk 解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+,而不能 +s,因此选 A。4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 解析: person 与 people 都有” 人” 的意思 , 但用法不同 . “一个人” 用“a person ” , “两个人” 用 “two persons ”; people 泛指

21、 “人们”是集合名词 ,表示复数 , the people 指 “人民” , a people 指 “一个民族” . 应选 B。5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples 解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉 ;apple为可数名词 , 故应+s, 因此选 D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. r

22、ooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers解析: room number 房间号码 . room 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词. 类似的还有 my phsics teacher, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载two bus drivers 等. 应选 C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. h

23、ome D. room 解析: family 指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子 (住所); room 指的是房间;而 home 指的是家 , 因此选 C. 8. _ mothers couldn t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Mary s and Peter D. Marys and Peters解析: 此句中 “mothers”是复数 ,表示两个人各自的母亲 ,因此应选 D。9. Li Lei has been t

24、o _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunt s 解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具体场所时 , 可省去所有格后面的名词 . 因此选 B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience 解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词 ,

25、作 “经历”讲时是可数名词 . 本句中应理解为“经验” ,因此是不可数名词 ,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句 , 不用于否定句 , 因此选 B。11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选 D。12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchm

26、ans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 解析: Frenchman 是复合词 ,其复数形式为Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾 +S, 应选 A. 【经典练习】（）1.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be （）2. “Would you like _?” “_, please.”A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink,

27、 Three cups of coffees 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载（）3. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millio

28、ns （）4 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost. A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life （）5. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mothers and f

29、athers D.my fathers and my mother （）6. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class （）7. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers （）8. The market isnt far

30、 from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half （）9. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees （）10. During Christmas, people get together and s

31、ing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks （）11. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs （）12. After the exam, well have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks 二所有格练习1. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. 精选学习资料 - - - -

32、- - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载A. Teacher B. TeachersC. Teachers D. Teacher 2. Its June 1st, its _ Day. A. Childrens B. ChildrensC. Childrens D. Childrenss 3. This year, _ is on May 9th. A.My mothers brithdayB. My mothers brithdayC. My mothers brithdayD. My motherss brithday 4. Li

33、n Tao is ill, so he has to go to the _ . A. doctor B. doctorsC. doctors D. doctor5. Where is Mr. Zhang? He is in the _ . A. teachers reading roomB. teachers reading roomC. teacher reading roomD. teachers reading room 6. This is _ ball. Its not _ . A. the boys, girlsB. the boys, the girlsC. the boy,

34、the girl D. boys, girls 7. This year, the most popular _ hat is that kind. A. womans B. womensC. womens D. womans 8. Look at the book, its not mine, and its not yours, so it must be _ . A. somebody elsesB. somebody else C. somebodys else D. somebody else 9. These are _ . A.newspaper of todayB.todays

35、 newspaperC. todays newspapersD. today newspapers 10. Its about _ from my home to our school. A. twenty minutes walkB. walk of twenty minutesC. walk of twenty minutes D. twenty minutes walk 【家庭作业】（）10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors （

36、）11.- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of （） 12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven? - It sounds really wonderful. A. subject B. music C. book D. animal （）13. There is not enough _ in the corner

37、 for the fridge. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载A. place B. room C. field D. ground （）14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating it A. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk （）15. If you dont take more _, youll get fat. A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise （

38、）16. My school is about twenty _ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes C. minutess D. minutes （）17. Mum, I have _ to tell you! A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news （）18. Which is the _ to the post office? A. street B. way C. road D. address （）19. I stayed at _ last Sunday. A. my uncles B. my uncles C. my uncles D. my uncles family （）20. Maths _ not easy to learn. A. are B. isC. am D. were 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页