英语主动语态和被动语态课件ppt.ppt

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1、 What is the Passive Voice? 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice)What is it?A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态当主语是动作的

2、执行者时，动词用主动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students.(

3、被动语态)When to use it? 1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2. 当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。执行者。这本词典被保存完好这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的不需要说明是谁保存的) 。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现） The dictionary is well kept. These book were found

4、in the 1920s.被动语态的用法:A note was passed up to the speaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如:Table tennis is played all over China. English is spoken by many people.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执 行者难以说出或不必说出.如:Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924. The Structure is助动词助动词be+及物动

5、词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 (be+P.P.) 一般现在时：一般现在时： am / is / are doneam / is / are done一般过去时：一般过去时： was / were donewas / were done现在进行时：现在进行时： am / is / are being doneam / is / are being done过去进行时：过去进行时： was / were being donewas / were being done现在完成时：现在完成时： have / has been donehave / has been done过去完成时：过去完成时：

6、had been donehad been done一般将来时：一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going shall / will be done ; be going to be doneto be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must can / must / have tobe done/ have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。This book was written in 1969. 这本书是这本书是19

7、69年写成的。年写成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。说这家工厂已经开张。说这家工厂已经开张。He said the factory had been opened . 他他The work

8、 will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice presen

9、t by my friend yesterday.在改写中应注意：在改写中应注意：1.把把来的来的提到前面作被动语态的提到前面作被动语态的2.把动词变成把动词变成“”;3.主动语态中的主动语态中的变为介词变为介词的的典型题例典型题例例例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语找宾语 -即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes

10、2. 判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数 -即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 -即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+ 主语主语. by them. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The wi

11、ndows were broken by him. 一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is + 1. People play football all over the world.2. Mr. Green teaches us this term.Football all over the world .We this term.is playedby peopleare taught (by Mr. Green)一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 4. People built the Great Wall long ago.5. Tw

12、o years ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children.The Great Wall long ago.Two years ago those machines shoes for children. was built (by people) were used (by us) to make 一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will / be going to + be + 6. We will write a diary next class.7. Tom is going to hold a birthday p

13、arty.A diary next class.A birthday party . will be written (by us) is going to held by Tom情态动词的被动语态：情态动词的被动语态：must/have to/can等等 + be + 8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.9. We have to finish our homework on time.The broken pottery at once.Our homework . must be thrown away (by you) h

14、as to be finished (by us) on time2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词过去分词4Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词：情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词“We must put them in the fridge.”T

15、he dogs thought .3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词过去分词Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词过去分词We have made twenty more keysTwenty

16、 more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词过去分词1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives_ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found

17、 the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers t

18、o help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.

19、1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend

20、 the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this q

21、uestion often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by themAnswer right or wrong 1.必须照看好孩子们。必须照看好孩子们。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( ) 2.这本书是鲁迅写的。这本书是鲁迅写的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。昨天那支笔是他给我的。

22、That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WRWRWR 4.这辆自行车能修吗？这辆自行车能修吗？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( ) 5.街道已由他们清理了。街道已由他们清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( )WRWRThey made shoes in

23、that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They are making shoes in that factory.They were making shoes in that factory.带复合宾语的被动语态结构带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）

24、（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let have hear see notice（1）感觉动词感觉动词(hear, see等等)改被动语态改被动语态（2）使役动词使役动词(let, make等等)改被动语态改被动语态如动词为如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接等，后接宾语补足语为不带宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，不定

25、式时，变被动变被动语态时要加上语态时要加上“to” 。如：。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen fall off the tree.思思 考考 2：12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.She in the morning.is usually heard sing English songs 14. He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day.15. My father let me go out for a p

26、icnic. I out for a picnic.is made work was let go 口诀：口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch) help sb (to) V be helped to V. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room. (2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing fo

27、otball at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear / watch /.Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.Mum made me a new dress.I wa

28、s made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy draw singforI bought my brother a book. We gave him some books.He .Some books .was given some books (by us) were given him (by us) 注意注意:约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma tak

29、es care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或千万不要遗漏介词或副词。副词。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：类似的还有：It is reported / believed / hoped /

30、 supposed that .We report 1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。如：如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start等。等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike.2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have / fitI

31、 have a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误误】The blackboard is looked at by you 3)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态系动词没有被动语态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。这条围巾摸上去很软。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正正

32、】You must look after yourself 【误误】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。这种布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.这书卖完了。这书卖完了。The book is sold out.这块表需要修理一下。这块表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending .=The watch needs to be mended.=We ne

33、ed to mend the watch.一、单项选择：一、单项选择：1. Only thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.（2006） A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up 3. A neighbour helped to keep o

34、ur dog. It while we were on holiday. (2005) A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of4. At the end of the meeting Miss Green two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004) A. gave B. had given C. was given D. was giving 5. Mr. Johnsons story

35、 by everyone who heard it.(2003) A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at 二、请把下面句子改为被动语态1. They showed Jack carefully how to use it. Jack carefully how to use it. 2.Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.The 29th Olympic Games in 2008. was showedwill be held by Beijing3. M

36、iss Deng teaches us English. . .4. They saw the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterday.The boy_ at 3:00 yesterday.We are taught English by Miss Dengwas seen play basketballEnglish is taught us by Miss Deng5. We should make our country become more and more beautiful. Our country more and more beaut

37、iful. should be made become练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。1.The computer club held a writing competition(竞赛）.2.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours .3.We took many photos.4.They use this room for playing table tennis.5.The bank built a park for them.A writing competition was he

38、ld by the computer club.The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours . Many photos were taken by us.A park was built for them by the bank.This room is used for playing table tennis by them. 中考被动语态考题中考被动语态考题1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题）南京市中考题） A

39、. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考北京市中考题）题） A. arent take away B. taken away C. isnt taken away D. be taken away3.He _ _(tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题）黄冈市中考题）was told4. An

40、other man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市）变主动语态济南市）变主动语态 _ _ _ another man-made satellite into space last week.5.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题）青岛市中考题）6. They grow vegetables on the farm. （上海市中考（上海市中考题）题） The veget

41、ables _ _on the farm.TThey sent upwere planted are grown 一、选择正确答案：一、选择正确答案： 1. Do you know what _? A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car _ yesterday. A. will be found B. was found C. has found D. found3. Who was the book _? A .written by B. will be write by C. ha

42、s been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song _ on the radio yesterday. A. will teach B. was taught C. has taught D. can be teach CBAB二、用所给词的正确形式填空二、用所给词的正确形式填空 。 (cover, invent, answer, write, return, call) 1. All the questions_ correctly. 2. More than two thirds of the earth _ with w

43、ater. 3. Our city Beijing. 4. All the magazines _ to the school library last week. 5. This new machine _ by Mr. Black last year. 6. All the words on the back of the card. is covered were returnedwas invented was answeredis calledare written5)Exercises:选择填空:1. Windows_ of glass.A.be made B. is made C

44、. are made D. been made2. The house_ in 2004.A.is built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can_ for keeping warm.A.be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA 4. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made 5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in

45、D. by 6. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces AADA1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_well.(照顾)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by hi

46、m last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行) in Beijing in 2008.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held用所给动词的正确形式填空：用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1). The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2). Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3). A pictur

47、e _(put) up on the blackboard. 4). French_ (speak) in France. 5). Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed练习一 请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）1. He wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week. 2. The people make history.History is

48、made by people.3. Do people use Chinese only in China?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4. They didnt visit the city two years ago. The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.5. Where did you make them?Where were they made by you? 用适当的形式填空 1. History is _ by the people. ( make) 2. He is ofte

49、n _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 3. The book _ by him last year. ( write ) 4. The radio _ last week. ( mend) 5. Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6. A new subway _ (build) next year. 7. She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8. Thousands of satellites _(send) up into the space so

50、far. 9. They said they _ (invite) to the party already. 10. The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11. Young trees should _(water) often.madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe wateredMultiple Choice:1. ( ) If the work _,you