英语写作技巧ppt课件.ppt
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1、 Making Correct and Effective SentenceslCorrect SentencesCorrect SentenceslCoordination and SubordinationCoordination and SubordinationlEffective SentencesEffective SentencesCorrect sentencesCorrect sentencesThe requirements of a correct sentenceThe requirements of a correct sentence:lIt should be s
2、tructurally complete.lIt should begin with a capital letter.lIt should end with a full stop, or a question mark, or an exclamation mark.lIt should express a single complete idea.Completeness in Structure A normal sentence must contain a subject and a predicate verb. Sometimes a noun with some modify
3、ing words, or a clause, or a sentence with some elements missing may be used like a complete sentence for special effect.The Right SubjectlWe have kept the nonfinite verbs and changed the subjects in the original sentence. lThese sentences show that the subject of a sentence should be properly relat
4、ed to the nonfinite verbs before it.Agreement Between the Subject and the Predicate VerbuThe predicate verb of a sentence has to agree with the subject in person and number.uCollective nouns like family and audience may be neither singular or plural, depending on the meaning in which they are used.u
5、When two subjects refer to different persons or are different in number, the verb should agree with the subject close to it.uWords together with, in addition to, besides, etc., are objects of prepositions; they do not affect the number of the subject.uA subject clause generally takes a singular verb
6、, but a what-clause which clearly refers to many things can take a plural verb.Agreement Between Pronoun and Antecedent After a compound antecedent with or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, a pronoun agrees with the nearer part of the antecedent. A singular pronoun follows a collective n
7、oun antecedent when the members of the group are considered as a unit; a plural pronoun, when they are thought of individually. For such singular antecedents as each, either, neither, which may refer to both male and female, she or he, his or her, him or her, or the preferred plural pronoun they, th
8、eir or them are used.Clear Pronoun Reference When we use personal and relative When we use personal and relative pronouns, we should make sure that pronouns, we should make sure that their reference is cleartheir reference is clear. .Ending Sentences with Full Stops To join two or more complete sent
9、ences with commas may be possible in Chinese, but it is wrong in English. There is a name for such a mistake: the comma fault or the comma splice. We should remember that a complete declarative sentence always ends with a full stop.Joining Clause with Conjunctions When two or more sentences are clos
10、ely connected in meaning, they will become clauses which should be joined together with proper conjunctions or other words, like relative pronouns. We should learn to distinguish between conjunctions and adverbs, such as but and however, so and therefore. We can join coordinate clause with a comma a
11、nd a conjunction, or with a semicolon, or with a semicolon and an adverb. A Main Clause in a Complex Sentence In a Complex sentence there must be a main clause, whether it is at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. Proper Use of ComparisonsA.Adjectives or adverbs of the comparative degree sh
12、ould be used only when there is comparison. B.But we should not use adjectives or adverbs of the comparative degree when there is no comparison, explicit or implied. C.In addition, we should remember that only things of the same kind can be compared.Correct Use of the Tense Since a predicate verb mu
13、st be used in a certain tense, we should learn to use the tenses correctly. Tenses tell the action of the verb takes place. Whenever we make a sentence, we should ask ourselves when the thing mentioned in the sentence happens, and use the right tense to report it. When we talk about something that h
14、appened in the past, but its result remains at present, we should use the present perfect. Coordination and Subordination When we mention two or more things or ideas of equal importance, we often use coordination clause joined with a coordinating conjunction(and, but, or, nor, yet, so, or, for). Thi
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