2022年雅思阅读分类词汇 .pdf

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1、. . IELTS 阅读分类词汇=阅读分类词汇 =心理theorem 原理，定理 v.s. theory methodology 方法论 (method) physiology 生理学 (physiological) psychiatry 精神病学 psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysis correlation 相互关系 correlation coefficient sensation 感觉，知觉(另)轰动 sensational perception 感知，认知intuition 知觉 (intuitive) ESP 第六感 (Extra

2、sensory Perception) motivate 激励 motivation ( bonus, commission, )incentive 激励因素stimulus 刺激 stimulate, stimulation disorder 紊乱，失调dysfunction 机能障碍 dys(=dis) + function dissonance 不和谐，不一致dis + son(sound) +ance trauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11 anxiety 焦虑 (= anxiousness) depression 沮丧 (d

3、e + press + ion) depressedv.s. repression (压抑) insomnia 失眠phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobia acrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place allergy 过敏(症)，反感 ( allergic)He is allergic to card playing. propensity Most boy

4、s have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclination paranoid 偏执的paranoia (偏执狂 ) workaholic 工作狂 ( alcoholic) symptom 症状diagnosis 诊断(n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram 脑电图 electrocardiogram (心电图 ) assertive 武断的 ( assert) therapy 治疗法 group therapy

5、 hypnotism 催眠术 ( hypnotize) prescribe 开药方 v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribe prescription: drugs antidepressant 抗抑郁药tranquilizer 镇静药 ( tranquil) side-effect (+s) 副作用immune 免疫的，免除的( immunity) rehabilitation 复原，康复relapse 旧病复发，故态复萌v.s. elapse 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

6、 - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 不舍昼夜！chronic 慢性的adulthood childhood puberty 青春发动期adolescence 青春期 (the time of life between puberty and adulthood) emotional rational affective 情感的 ( affection) sane 神智健全的insane superstition 迷信 superstitious telepathy 传 心 术 ， 通 灵 术 tele

7、(far away) + pathy(heart) numerology, palmistry apathy 无感情，无兴趣，冷漠(= indifference) sympathy: sym(same) + pathy pathology 病理学，病理，病变delusion 迷惑，欺瞒 v.s. illusion disorientation 迷失 (dis + orientation) disoriented pervert 使反常 /变态 反常/变态者perversion introspection 内省 v.s. retrospection ( 回顾，反省 ) sublimation 纯

8、化，升华 sublime personality = personal characteristicsmultiple personality ( 多重人格 ) innate 天赋的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenital attribute 属性 ( attributable) trait 特征，品质 national traits 国民性 vs. traitor =阅读分类词汇 =科技ubiquitous 普遍存在的 = omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent) versatile (人)多才多艺的， (物)通用的 ver

9、satility alchemy 炼金术transmute 变形，变质 transmute silver into gold (!) arduous 艰巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous task pitfall 陷阱，未预见之困难metallurgy 冶金alloy 合金aluminum = aluminium (BE) calcium, uranium, radium ,copper, brass, bronze electrode 电极distill 蒸馏 distilled water quartz 石英phosphorus 磷，磷光物质inflammable 易燃的

10、( flame) combustion 燃烧 (combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus) ceramic 陶瓷的 瓷器 (ceramics) insulate 隔离，绝缘 insulator ( conductorfiber 纤维 (BE: fibre)fiber optics ( 纤维光学 ) optics 光学 ( optical) retina 视网膜名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 1

11、4 页 - - - - - - - - - . . iris 虹膜opaque 不透明的 v.s. transparent, translucent microprocessor 微处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chip binary 二进制的integrate integration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI) buffer 缓冲区 buffer storage browser 浏览器 ( IE, Netscape) hypertext 超文本envisage 想象，看作en + v

12、is(see) + age be envisaged as momentous (极为)重要的 v.s. momentary reticular 网状的Ethernet 以太网domain 域 domain names cyberlaw 网络法律“cyber -“: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe, patent 专利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, pirated software/VCDschronological 按时间顺序的“chron ”: time chronic, chronicle, chronographrobo

13、t 机器人 ( “ 肉包它 ”) roboticsartificial 人造的，做作的artificial satellite/smile cone 圆锥体，锥形物the nose cone of a missile Jupiter 木星Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn exorbitant 过度的，过分的，过高的ex(out) + orbit + ant centripetal 向心(力)的 centrifugal high-rise 高楼 ( skyscraper) cathedral 大教堂dome 圆顶 (a hemispherical roof) infras

14、tructure 基础设施superstructure sewage 污水，下水道hydraulic 水力的，水压的landfill 垃圾掩埋 (地) ventilation 通风thermostat 温控器 thermo(hot) + stat(steady) thermos, thermometer, thermonuclear prefabricate 预先制造prefab (预制的 ) polytechnic 各种工艺的理工学校 Hong Kong Polytechnic geometric 几何(学)的geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure) asym

15、metry 不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry() symmetry concave 凹的 convexbilateral 双边的，两方面的unilateral paradoxical “ 似非而是 ” 的paradox (悖论) empirical 经验的 empirical law/formula clockwise 顺时针的( anticlockwise =阅读分类词汇 =教育accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and board lodging 寄宿(处) lease 出租 “for lease”, “to let”v.s. rent名师资料

16、总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . tenant 房客，佃户landlord 房东 landlady(f)? Lord, tenant ,housemate roommate, dormmate, schoolmate, classmate dormitory 寝室 (abbrev. dorm) au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return

17、for doing light housework (另) = reciprocal reciprocal 相互的，互惠的hostel youth hostel hotel real estate 房地产vicinity = neighborhood flat 平的，瘪的flat tire 公寓(= apartment) condo, studio bond = deposit linen 亚麻的 亚麻织品，床单 (= bed linen) utensil 器皿stationery 文具 (v.s. stationary) laundry 洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria 自助餐厅 cantee

18、n cater 满足(需要) aerobics 有氧健身操“aero ”: airbadminton 羽毛球 (运动) baseball 棒球 baseball bat squash 壁球(运动) amateur professional gathering 聚会 v.s. meeting, reunion excursion 远足 (= outing, expedition) commonwealth 共和国，联邦 Commonwealth: 英联邦tertiary 第三的 After purchasing a house and a car, the next major life exp

19、enditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education. primary secondary tertiary post-secondary “post ”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral, post-sale, postwar illiterate 文盲 不识字的 il(no) + literate(words) illiteracy ( literacydiscipline 学科，纪律 v.s. subject terminology 术语faculty department and staf

20、f of a college/university dean (大学)教务长curriculum 课程 (= course) extracurricular 课外的syllabus 课程提纲calendar 日历，日程( schedule, agenda, timetable) compulsory 强制的，必修的elective (选修的 ) examiner examinee take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resit recruit 招生，招募recruitment= enroll prestige 声望，威信 prestigious e

21、steem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/company aptitude 智力 SAT: School Aptitude Test matriculation 录取入学vocation 职业 (= calling, occupation, career) vocational 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . vocational education TAFE Tec

22、hnical And Further Education (Australian) abbreviation 缩略(词) abridge (缩短，删节 ) transferable (学分等 )可转换的scholarship 奖学金 = fellowship tutorial 辅导(课)? tutor (= lecturer, instructor) pedagogue 教员，学究 pedagogy ( 教育学，教学法 ) demagogue ( 政治煽动家 ) lexicography 词典编撰( lexicographer) assignment 任务， (课外)作业dissertatio

23、n 论文 (= thesis) credential 证明，文凭“cred ”: creditlinguistic credentialsalumni 校友(男) alumnae overestimate 高估 ( underestimate decipher 解码，解释(= decode)decipher workplace culture caliber 才干=阅读分类词汇 =文化homogeneous 同质的homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous homosexual, heterosexual mainstream 主流 主流的dialect 方言 (v.s.

24、accent) discrepancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding barrier 障碍(物) bar, = barricade discrimination 区别，歧视 racial/sexual discrimination? discriminate (+against) hierarchy 等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + y insularity 岛国性质(? insular, island) . microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os) nostalgi

25、a = homesickness patriot 爱国者 ( traitor patriotic, patriotism compatriot 同胞 同胞的 com + patriot vernacular 本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of India Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish immigration 移入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration ( emigrant, emigrate) antipodes Any two p

26、laces or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house. entrepreneur 企业家 ( enterprise) entrepreneurship practitioner 开业者，从业者praction(practice) + er celebrity a famous person= luminary, VIP proxy 代理人anecdote 轶事 ( anec

27、dotal) notoriety 恶名 (? notorious) counterpart 对应人，对等物 Who s George Bush s counterpart in China counterculture, counterbalance peer 同等的人凝视，窥视 ( peep) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . subordinate 下级 下级的superior tactics 战术，

28、技巧 v.s. strategy ( 战略，策略) marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics nuance a subtle difference in meaning benchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的，守时的( punctuality) absenteeism 旷工 absent absentee absenteeism flextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + time harass 骚扰 ( harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed he

29、r. redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancy downsize 裁员 ( lay off) ballot 投票 (= vote) impartial 不偏不倚的( partiallobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.) shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen (v.) equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量

30、的 ( qualitativecontingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recur ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethical dubious 疑惑的，可疑的( doubt)People were dubious about the result. manifestation 显示，证明(? manifest) subtitle 字幕，副标题(sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground,

31、 tube), suburb( downtown, uptown, outskirts) dubbing 配音录制vogue 时尚 chic bizarre 奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的) mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家( diet) connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家 entre, a la carte =雅思阅读分类词汇 =-生物 /生理molecule 分子 molecular cell cellular amino amino acids (氨基酸 ) protein 蛋白质enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by

32、cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions) catalyst 催化剂chlorophyll 叶绿素 “chloro -”: Clphotosynthesis 光合作用(photo + synthesis) photosynthetic botany 植物学( zoology botanist, botanical flora 植物群fauna 动物群名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，

33、共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌algae alga (pl.) 海藻herb herbal: tea herbicide ( insecticide, pesticide) carnation 康乃馨 reincarnation fade 凋谢，褪色organism 机体，组织 ? organ arthropod 节肢动物 v.s. anthropoid ()reptile 爬行动物amphibian 两栖动物mammal 哺乳动物(? mamma!) primate 灵

34、长目动物evolution 进化 (? evolve) anthropoid 类人猿 ( “anthrop ”: humankind) anthropology, philanthropy v.s. ape, gorilla, chimpanzee gene 基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (基因组) genetics 遗传学 ( genetical) helix 螺旋，螺旋壮物 analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanity s DNAidentical 同一的 ident

35、ity ( ID card) clone mutation 突变 gene mutation mutable, immutable, mutant predator 捕食者 ( preyembryo 胚胎 embryonic (萌芽的 ) roe 鱼子caviar (鱼子酱 ) tadpole 蝌蚪frog, toad ( told) caterpillar 毛毛虫 (cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT) grasshopper 蚱蜢，蝗虫(= locust)grass + hopper, bellhop cricket

36、蟋蟀 (另)板球butterfly v.s. moth dragonfly, firefly pollen 花粉 传粉 pollinate, pollination hive 蜂房honey, concoction larva larvae (pl.) 幼虫 v.s. lava pupa 蛹 pupate penguin 企鹅 v.s. dolphin (海豚) raccoon 浣熊 v.s. kangaroo ( 袋鼠) hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up) torpid 麻木的，蛰伏的v.s. torpedo ( 鱼雷) cerebral (大)脑的hemisphere 半球 (

37、hemi + sphere) cortex 脑皮层migraine 偏头疼 ? migrant somatic 躯体的limb 四肢upper/lower limb anatomy 解剖，剖析paralyze 使瘫痪 (=incapacitate, immobilize) artery 动脉 ( vein名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . gland 腺体pancreas 胰hormone 荷尔蒙，激素ch

38、olesterol 胆固醇efficacy 功效 v.s. efficiency, effectiveness =雅思阅读分类词汇 =环境问题conservation 保护，保存(? conserve)v.s. conversation environmentalist = conservationist acid 酸 酸的 (alkaliacid rain carbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide fume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smog petroleum 石油 petr

39、ol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE) unleaded petrol/gas ozone 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layer ooze 渗出 渗出物radiation 辐射 ultraviolet(UV) radiation radioactive greenhouse 温室 greenhouse effect/gases solar 太阳的 (solar energy) lunar (lunar calendar) phenomenon 现象catastrophe = disaster, cataclysm deterioration 恶化 (? deteri

40、orate) extinction 灭绝 (? extinct) species endangered species drought 干旱 ( “找它”) famine v.s. flooding recurrent 反复发生的 re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrent inundate 淹没 “淹掉它 ”embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment) sediment 沉积（物） = deposit delta 三角洲 the Pearl River Delta alluvial 冲积的desertification (v.s. dessert

41、) dust-storm 沙尘暴 thunderstorm, brainstorm barren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的dune sand dune the game “DUNE ”!attributable 归因于 be attributable todeforestation 滥砍滥伐（森林）de + forest + ation afforestation/reforestation log 原木，日志伐木 v.s. logo vegetation 植物，植被 v.s. vegetable, vegetarian habitat 栖息地 ? habit (Habit is the sec

42、ond nature.) ecosystem 生态系统(eco + system) ecology viability ? viable “vi ”: life养育能力 One tool for assessing the impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis. demographic 人口统计的demo(people) + graph(write) + ic interdependence inter + dependence counterbalance 使平衡，弥补(=offset)cou

43、nter(against) + balance mechanism 机理，机制名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . precipitation 陡降，降水(? precipice) evaporation circulation 流通，循环tide tidal wave (海啸) ebb earthquake typhoon tornado, hurricane meteorology 气象(学) volca

44、no 火山eruption 喷发 (? erupt)volcanic eruption lava granite 花岗岩imminent = impending v.s. eminent Celsius 摄氏的 37OCv.s. centigrade Fahrenheit 华氏的latitude 纬度(另) longitude, altitude tropical ? (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zone glacier 冰川dump 倾倒，倾销 anti-dumping contaminate 弄脏 (

45、contaminant) recycle 回收再利用irreversible 不可逆的(= irrevocable) reclaim 开垦，改造 reclamation contentious 有争议的(? contend)Many environmental issues today are highly contentious. opt 选择(+ for) option prioritize 优先考虑(? prior, priority) =雅思分类词汇 =医院mental hospital 精神病医院clinic 诊所physician/internist 内科医生oculist/eye

46、 doctor眼科医生surgon 外科医生dentist牙医 vet 兽医 shrink 心理医生symptom 症状have/catch a cold 感冒have a sore throat 嗓子痛have a stomachache 胃痛have a fever 发烧pneumonia 肺炎flu 流感have a cough 咳嗽have a headache 头痛have a toothache牙痛liver trouble 肝炎allergy 过敏症twisted/sprained扭伤的feel dizzy 头晕feel chilly 觉得发冷asthma 哮喘diabetics

47、糖尿病患者cramps抽筋名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . vomit/throw up/nauseate呕吐diarrhea腹泻vomitive/pukey 恶心的luggies/phlegm 痰have a stuffed nose鼻子不通cholera霍乱stiff neck 脖子发僵abscess脓肿yellow fever 黄热病hay fever枯草热pills 药丸mixture 合剂eye

48、drops眼药水syrup 糖浆pad 药棉块vitamin 维他命tablet 药片penicillin 盘尼西林antibiotic 抗生素ointment 药膏medication 药物aspirin 阿司匹林bandage绷带syringe 注射器stethoscope听诊器injection 注射preventive injection 预防针gauze纱布cold cure感冒药sweating medicine发汗药febrifuge 退烧药capsule胶囊case history病历extract 拔牙take ones temperature 量体温see a doctor

49、看病send for a doctor请医生feel ones pulse量脉搏take ones blood pressure 量血压give a prescription开药方have an operation 动手术make an appointment预约=雅思分类词汇 =生活咨询make a reservation预定 confirm a reservation确认预定cancel ones reservation 取消预定frist come,frist serve先到先服务原则名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

50、 - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . layover/stopover中途停留timetable时刻表fare 票价 toll 通行费 saver ticket优惠票 open ticket 开放机票one-way ticket 单程票 round-trip ticket 往返票airport tax 机场税 duty-free shop免税店excess charge 超重 vacant seat空座direct/non-stop flight 直达航班connecting-flight 转机book 预定