2022年高一英语语法 .pdf

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1、新人教版高一英语重要语法讲解(整套) 定语从句（一）结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why ）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词 +关系词 +定语从句。1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing t

2、owards her. 2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. 3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme. 4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habita

3、ts in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia. 5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. 6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要

4、的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and

5、wet, started crying. 4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud. （三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom. 1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company. 2. Many people

6、 who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. 知识重点与难点（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only 等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time. 2. There is one thing that ke

7、eps worrying me. （二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有 which, that 1. I m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 2. This is my hometown which I used to talk

8、 about to you. 3. I think I can understand the reason why he didnt tell the truth to me. 4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting. （三）定语从句的简化表达：1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University. 2. The letter that was mailed last nig

9、ht will reach him tomorrow. 3. The question that is being discussed is very important. 4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45. 说明： 以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University. 2. The letter mailed last night will reach hi

10、m tomorrow. 3. The question being discussed is very important. 4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45. 说明： 修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing 短语， done短语， being done 短语， to be done 短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：1. 被修饰名词 +doing 短语：正在做 .的人 /正在发生的事。2. 被修饰名词 + done 短语：被.的人 /事3. 被修饰名词 +being done

11、 短语：正在被 .的人/事4. 被修饰名词 + to be done 短语：将要被 .的人/事（1）Do you know the man talking to my sister ? （2）The “ crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “ you have a phone call” in Brazil. （3）Did you see that car being repaired ? （4）In a camera, the lens must be focused o

12、n the object to be photographed. （5）The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow. （6）Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China. （7）The Yellow River, said to be “ the mother river ” runs across China like a huge dragon. 总结： 以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种

13、形式作定语。1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing 或 V-ed 形式作定语， 则可以放在被修饰名词前面。2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing 表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed 表示被动意义。 being done 表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done 表示将要被做的【典型例题】例 1 Friendship is needed by all, _ plays an important role in people s lives. A. which B. that C. who D. it 例 2 Uncle Li

14、 _ I worked three years ago has retired now. A. who B. whom C. with whom D. to whom 例 3 Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - A. he explained B. what he explai

15、ned C. how he explained D. why he explained 例 4 Teachers, _ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before. A. who B. that C. which D. whose 例 5 The Olympic Games , _ in 776 BC, didn t included women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first pl

16、aying 例 6 The houses _ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon. A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built 例 7 How many of us_, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion? A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended 例 8 She has t

17、hree children, _ is working in Australia. A. who B. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them 【模拟试题】1. Susan is the very girl _ the good deed. A. whom I think did B. whom I think she did C. who I think did D. I think who did 2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _ he could buy a train ticket. A

18、. by which B. on which C. with which D. for which 3. The book _ he devoted much time is to come out next month. A. where B. which C. to which D. on which 4. The day came finally _ I was given an opportunity to act in the play. A. when B. in that C. which D. in which 5. 1. Don t you think the questio

19、n _ tomorrow is of great importance. A. being discussed B. discussed C. to be discussed D. to discuss 6. The food _ at the moment is for the dinner party. A. cooked B. to be cooked C. is being cooked D. being cooked 7. Do you know the teacher _ under the big tree ? A. read B. reads C. reading D. bei

20、ng read it 在强调句型中：在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外），达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。It is / was+ 被强调的部分 +that / who+ 句子的其他部分。It is / was not until+ 时间+that+句子的其他部分。例句：1. I saw John on my way to school this morning. It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning. It was on my way to school that

21、I saw John this morning. It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night. 3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio br

22、oadcast began. 4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much . 5. It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so . 知识难点：（一）注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。1. What is it that Joe cant find in the bathroom

23、?2. Where was it that you met the foreign guests from Australia? 3. I can t quite remember when it was that we married. 4. Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave? （二）是强调句型还是that 主语从句或其他复合句1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 2. It is these pois

24、onous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. 3. It was almost ten o clock when our soldiers came back from the front. 4. Was it in this place that the last king died ? （三）注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Capta

25、in Johnson that Peter lost his life. 【典型例题】一. 单项选择：1. I don t think possible to master a foreign language without much memory. A. this B. that C. its D. it 2. Does matter if he can t finish the job on time ? A. this B. that C. he D. it 3. Tom s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but

26、 didn t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it 4. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 5. It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood. A. which ; that B. that ; where C. which ; which D. that ; wh

27、ich 二. 单句改错：1. That is said that this novel has been translated into several languages. 2. Is this your turn to clean the blackboard ? 3. It is known to everyone, the moon travels around the earth once every month. 4. The official made this clear that he would do everything possible to solve the pro

28、blem. 5. It was in the park where the old couple told me their love story. 6. Although we can t see them, there is air around us. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 三. 翻译句子：1. 直到星期三我才给办公室去电话。2. 只有当我们看不清楚的时候，我们才意识到我们眼睛的重要性。3. It

29、 was in surgery that the results of that discovery were obtained, and it was there that the battle between the new idea and the old prejudices was fought out most dramatically. 【模拟试题】一. 单项选择：1. Nobody thinks very polite to be always cutting in when another person is talking. A. that B. this C. it D.

30、 there 2. I was disappointed with the film, I had expected to be much better. A. this B. that C. one D. it 3. He tore up my photo and upset me. A. this B. it C. which D. what 4. It was with great courage the boy told the truth he had stolen the money. A. which ; that B. when ; what C. as ; that D. t

31、hat ; that 5. When I try to find that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two main causes. A. what it does B. what it is C. why it does D. why it is 6. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes will be a boy. A. he B. that C. it D. there 二. 句型转换：将下列

32、陈述句按划线的内容变为强调句。1. The children often help their parents do the farm work. 2. In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before. 3. The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land. 4. Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as trad

33、itional methods. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 定语从句【典型例题】例 1分析： _ plays an important role in people s lives 为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用 which 连接定语从句。答案： A 例 2 分析： _ I worked three years ago 作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li ，从句完整的表达是：I wo

34、rked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with 。答案： C 例 3 分析： 定语从句 _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work 修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。答案： A 例 4 分析： 非限定性定语从句_ work is rather hard 修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work 是从属关系，关系词用whose 答案： D 例 5 分析： 公元前 776 年被首次举行的奥运会，直到 1912 年才容纳女

35、运动员。_in 776 BC 做定语修饰The Olympic Games ，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done 做定语。 答案： C 例 6分析： 根据句意房子即将开工。_ for the teachers and the construction work修饰 The houses应为 The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。答案： B 例 7分析： 根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_, say, a meeting that is not important to us 修饰 How many of u

36、s 做定语。与全句动作同步 . 答案： B 例 8 分析： 非限定性定语从句_ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children ，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。答案： B 【试题答案】1. C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the very girl 在从句中做think 的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom 2. C 定语从句 _ he could buy a train ticket. 修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词

37、：with 3. C 定语从句 _ he devoted much time 意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote.to sth.关系词前加介词：to 4. A 定语从句 _ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day ：先行词the day 在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。5. C 短语 _ tomorrow 做定语修饰the question，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。6. D 短语 _ at the moment 做 the food

38、 的定语 ,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定语表示：正在被, 的, 。7. C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree 做定语修饰the teacher 表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。强调句型【典型例题】1、分析： 本题考查it 做形式宾语的句型。“我认为没有大量的记忆掌握一门外语是不可能的。”故选择 D 2. 分析： 本题考查it 做形式主语的句型：如果他没能按时完成工作的话，这很要紧吗？故选择D 3. 分析： 本题考查it 的代词用法。 It 指上一句的内容：Tom 的母亲始终告诉他应该努力学习。故选择 D 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载

39、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 4. 分析： 本题考查it 做形式主语的句型：英语正在作为一种国际性语言被接受是一个事实。选择D 5. 分析： 本题考查带有定语从句的强调句型用法。句中：“_ was built with stones by his father的定语从句。被强调的部分是in the small house _ was built with stones by his father 。根据句意：他正是在他父亲用石头盖的房子里度过了他的童

40、年。故选择A 二. 单句改错：1. 分析： 根据句意： 据说这部小说已经被译成多种语言。表示据说， 应当说： It is said that 。That改为： It 2.分析： 根据句意：该轮到你擦黑板了吧？轮到某人做某事：It is one s turn to do.This 改为： it 3. 分析：表示 “众所周知” 可以说：It is known to everyone that+ 陈述句。或：As is known to everyone ，+陈述句。 It 改为： As, 或去掉“，”加连词that 4. 分析：根据句意：这位官员宣布将尽一切力量解决这个问题。固定结构应当是： ma

41、ke it clear that+陈述句。 It 在此是形式宾语。This 改为： it 5. 分析： 根据句意可以知道本句用了强调句型，强调地点：in the park 所以按照强调句型的结构where 改为： that 6. 分析： 句中的代词them 根据句意应当指代后面的air，但 air 是不可数名词，因此them 改为：it 三. 翻译句子：1. 分析： 表达“直到, 才,” 可以用 notuntil 引导的时间状语从句；也用强调句型；或倒装句。翻译：（1）I didn t telephone the office until Wednesday. （2）It was not un

42、til Wednesday that I telephoned the office. （3）Not until Wednesday did I telephone the office. 2. 分析： 本句可以用强调句表达，也可以用倒装句：翻译：（1）It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are. （2）Only when we cannot see perfectly do we realize how important our eyes are. 3. It was

43、in surgery that the results of that discovery were obtained, and it was there that the battle between the new idea and the old prejudices was fought out most dramatically. 翻译：那些发现的成果是在外科医学中获得的，也正是在那里，新思想与旧偏见用最富有戏剧性的方式展开了战斗。【试题答案】一. 单项选择：1. C，it 在句中做形式宾语。句型为think it + 形容词 +to do something 2. D，it 在句中

44、作为代词指代前面说的film 3. B，it 作为代词指代前面He tore up my photo 这件事。4. D，这是一个带有同位语从句的强调句，“这个男孩怀着极大的勇气说出了他偷东西的真相。he had stolen the money.做 the truth 的同位语从句，用that 引导。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 5. B，这是一个强调句的变形，强调句变成了特殊疑问句又做find 的宾语从句，

45、what 是被强调的内容。根据句义：我在努力发现到底是什么阻止了这么多人参加这个项目。6. C，Nancy 很快又要有一个孩子了，她希望这是个男孩。指代baby 用代词 it 二. 句型转换：1. It is the children that often help their parents do the farm work. 2. It was In 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before. 3. It is the shortage of arable land that the biggest problem of Chinese farmers is 4. It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -