2022年高中宾语从句详细讲解与练习 2.pdf

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1、1 宾语从句讲与练在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which 等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer ，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2） 连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作

2、主语的定语。常见的连接词有： whose， what， which， how many，how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class 他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。 常见的连接词有： who（m），what，which ，how many， how much， when，why，how，where，if whether

3、（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many， how much，how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was 她

4、问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that 引导， that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper 他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether：在具有选择意义，又有or 或 or not 时，尤其

5、是直接与or not 连用时，往往用whether（if or not 也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not （ Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not （ I dont know whether or not he does any washing ）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego 我不知道我们是去

6、还是留。在介词之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 我担心是否伤了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man 他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont know whether

7、 to go 我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train 他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether 置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not ，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question 她是否能来还是个问题。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心

8、整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book 可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book 请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book ， please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3）如果宾语从句

9、原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning ？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？3时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I dont know when he will come back 我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主

10、句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was 孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened 他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。4注意：if 和 when 既可以引

11、导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和 when 引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？Sorry，I dont know When he comes back，Ill tell you 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。I dont k

12、now if he will come我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesnt rain 如果不下雨，他会来的。简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise 等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back

13、 very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell 等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach 等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接

14、宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station ？ Could you tell me how to get to the station ？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令）， require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法

15、四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the ti

16、me and the place of his birth. 方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing 形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 方法六：动词seem 后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上

17、述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy. 高中宾

18、语从句练习题及答案详解1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. wh

19、ere they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Gr

20、eat changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about w

21、hich you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about

22、 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which

23、 B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as

24、 you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are

25、2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant

26、remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never

27、forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for wh

28、ich 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard

29、, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your fa

30、ctory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _

31、 would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew

32、. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. ow

33、ns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside

34、 house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bo

35、ught two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - -

36、- 5 参考答案及解析1. A. which 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. 和谁讲话 ” 要说 speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to. 。whom 是关系代词，作介词to 的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where 是关系副词， 表示地点， 在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when 是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which 是关系代词， 在从句中作forget 的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第5 题。7. A. 解析见第 3 题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是fil

37、ms, 因此，关系代词that 是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。 如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则 the one应该视为先行词。9. A. “谈到某事物 ” 应说 talk about sth.。 about 是介词，其后要用which 作宾语，不能用that。10. A. with which是介词+关系代词 结构 ,常用来引导定语从句 .with 有用的意思 ,介词之后只能用which, 不能用 that. with which 在定语从句中作状语,即 he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front o

38、f which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom 引导定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中即为 :my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose 引导定语从句 ,在从句中作主语family的定语 . 14. A. that 引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用 that 引导 . 15. D. the same .as是固定用法 , as引导定语从句时,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语 .在本句话中 ,as作从句的主语 . 16. D

39、. such as是固定用法 ,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语 .在本题中 ,as作表语 . 17. B. as 作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as 在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中 ,as作宾语 . 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句 ,with whom I went to the concert 是定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中为 :I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19.

40、 C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such as 或 the sameas固定搭配，其中such 和 same修饰其后的名词， as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用 such a ., 本题中 such books, such 直接修饰复数名词. 20. B. things 和 persons是先行词 .当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用 that. 21. D. who 引导非限制性定语从句,who 作从句的主语. 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thi

41、rds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行词 person 后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为 , whom 作从句中met 的宾语 ,可以省略 .第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语 ,不可省略 . 24. A. whose title 引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which 25. A. for which 引导定语从句 ,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语be famous for 以.而闻名. 26. C. 当先行词被such 修饰时 ,引导定语从句的关

42、系代词要用 as. As 在本从句中作主语. 27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词 when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词 spent 的宾语 ,因此要用关系代词which 或that 来引导定语从句. 28. D. 在 way、distance、direction 等词后的定语从句中，常用that 来代替 “in ( 或其他介词 )+which ” 、when 或 where，而 that 常可省略。29. D. for which 在定语从句中作原因状语,可用 why 来替代 . 30. B. wh

43、ich I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句 . 31. A. The reason why was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why 和 that 不能随意换位，也不能将 that 改成 because ，尽管 that 这个词在译文中可能有 “ 因为 ” 的含义。32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which 引导 ,which 表示前句话的整个含义. 33. A. 解释见 28 题. 34. D. 主句中的 two 表明不能选A.从句中的 are表明不能选 B. both of which 用来引导非限制性定语从句. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资

44、料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 35. C. as 引导定语从句时通常构成such as 或 the same as固定搭配，其中such 和 same修饰其后的名词， as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as 作从句的主语 . 36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which 引导,which 表示前句话的整个含义. 37. D. 38. D. 解析见 35 题. 39. A. he ma

45、kes 是定语从句 , 从句前省略了关系代词that. 40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句. 41. A. what happened 是宾语从句 . all 之后 that he knew 是定语从句 .先行词是 all,所以关系代词只能用that. 42. D. years 是表示时间的名词,用 when 引导定语从句,是因为 when 在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which, 引导一个非限制性定语从句. 43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是 people,因此 ,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主

46、语是The number of 指“ .的数目 ” ，是单数概念。 因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。44. D. that followed 是定语从句，关系代词that 在从句中作主语。45. A. 先行词 gas被 only 修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用 which。46. B. through which 引导定语从句， through which 即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What 引导的是 see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends vi

47、sited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school 是先行词。that 引导了定语从句，因为 that 同时又作visited 的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。48. A. 解释见 35 题。49. C. 因为是 two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes 是单数概念。因此，C 是正确选项。50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been 。关系代词 that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -