2022年高中英语语法宾语补足语 .pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载宾语补足语讲解一、定义宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。二、句子结构是主+谓 +宾+宾补三、两种结构1.主表型：1) make our country beautiful (adjective)2) call him Lao Li (noun) 3) find sb. out (adv.)4) find sb. at home (Prep. phrase)2. 主谓型：1) ask sb. to do sth.（有 to 不定式）2) have sb. do sth. （无 to 不定式）3) see sb. doing sth. （现在分词）4) have

2、sth. done. （过去分词）四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有： consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove 等。这类动词后的不定式通常是to be+形容词或名词结构， think, consider, find 后的 to be 常可省略。如： We consider him (to be) a good teacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。He proved that theory (to be) very important.他证明

3、那个理论是很重要的。I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect 等。如： Id prefer you to leave him alone.我希望你不要打扰他。I dont want there to be any trouble.我不想有任何麻烦。3. 注意： hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作

4、宾语补足语。如： I hope you can give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。He required us to be present at the meeting.他要求我们出席会议。Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.李先生建议她不要独自去那里。五、可作宾语补足语的形式有不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都能作补语。六、具体说明（一）副词作宾语补足语如： I found him in yesterday.

5、 （二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find 等。如： We must keep our classroom clean. （三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think 等。如： We call them mooncakes. （四）常接动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep 等。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - -

6、 - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载如：In the country, we can hear birds singing. （五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave 等。如：I left my pen on my desk at home. （六）不定式作宾语补足语1. 常接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish, advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persu

7、ade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause 等；如：She often asks me to help her. We dont allow such things to happen again.Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.Please remind me to leave her this note.She requested him to go wi

8、th her.2. 接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let等。如：I often see him play football. 3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明：help 后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to 也可以不带to。如： I often help my mother(to) do some housework. 一些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有： 一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel；二听： hear, listen to；三让： let, have, make；四观看： observe, see

9、, watch, look at。在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这类动词还有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to 的不定式(have 没有被动语态)。如： What would you have me do?你要我做什么？She made him give up smoking.她让他戒了烟。Let him do whatever he wishes to do.他想干什么就让他干吧。Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his lit

10、tle sister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了。4. 掌握“使役动词have + 宾语过去分词”的几种含义在“ have 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用get。这一结构具有以下几种含义：意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如：如： He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检查眼睛。 （ “检查”的动作由医生来进行）意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如：如： Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。意为“使完

11、成某事” ，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。如：He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。 （主语自己可能参与）动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。如： Im waiting for James to arrive.我正等着詹姆斯的到来。Hes arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。The UN has called on both sides to observe the cease fire.联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。名师

12、资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载（七）分词作宾语补足语用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set 等

13、。如： There was so much noise that the speaker couldn t make himself heard. 由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。2. 几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明：表示“意欲；命令”的动词如like, want, wish, order 等，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。如： The father wants his daughter taught the

14、piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。如： I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。如： Have you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？“ with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间

15、、方式、条件、原因等状语。如： The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热， 我们就会看到水蒸气。 （表条件）With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）【练习题】A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 2. -

16、There s a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _. A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended 3. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 4. They would not allow him _ across the en

17、emy line. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going 5. I found the door _ when I got home. A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open 6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to 7. I couldnt do my

18、homework with all that noise_.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 8. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 9. I advised _ at once. A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to st

19、art 10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _. A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating 11. You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. pull o

20、ut B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out 12. He managed to make himself with his_ English. A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken 13. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _. A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing 14. They are g

21、oing to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed 15. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _. A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled 16. You will see this product _

22、 wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising 17. His remarks left me _ about his real purpose. A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering 18. When I caught him _ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. A. cheating B. cheat C. to

23、 cheat D. to be cheating 19. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 20. Did you intend us _ the new method? 21. The teacher encouraged us _ good compositions. A. Writing B. written C. to writ

24、e D. is writing 22. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 23.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A .it B. it repaired C .repaired D. to be repaired 24.With a

25、 lot of difficult problems_, the newlyelected president is having a hard time. A .settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 25.With trees, flowers and grass_ everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look. A. planting B. planted C. to plant D .to be planted 26. She was glad to see her ch

26、ild well_ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking 27.The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known 28. I can make you _what I say, but you can t make yourself _ in English.A. understand; understand B.underst

27、and, understood C. to understand, understand D. understand; to be understood 29.He found them _ at a table_. A. sat; to play chess B. sitting; to play chess C. seated; playing chess D. seat; play the chess 30. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door_. A. leaving; unlocked B.leaving; unlocking 名师资料总结

28、- - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载C. left; unlocked D. to leave; unlocking 31. We are pleased to see the problem_ so quickly. A.settled B.settling C. be settled D.having been settled 32.I could feel the wind _on my face from

29、 an open window. A .to blow B .blowing C. to be blowing D .blown 33._ production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year. A. AsB. For C. WithD. Through 34. _ everything _,she left the supermarket with satisfaction. A. As, buying B. For, to buy C. With, bought D .Because,to buy 35. Don t

30、 leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (天津 2004) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 36. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 37. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the

31、laws get parents _. (重庆2004) A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 38. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (北京 2003) A. don t makeB. not make C. not making D. not to make 39. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots. (上海 2003)

32、 A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 40.Good morning. Can I help you? Id like to have this package _ ,Madame. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 41.Father will not _us to use his recorders. A. have B. let C .agree D. allow 42. John was made _the truck for

33、 a week as punishment. A .to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 43. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 44. Paul doesnt have to be made _ .He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C .learned D. learning 45. Seeing the sun _ above t

34、he surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. A. to rise B. to raise C. rising D .raising 46. I was disappointed to find his suggestions _ . A been turned down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down 47. The patient was warned _oily food after the operation. A. to eat to B. eating no

35、t C .not to eat D not eating 48. The speaker raised her voice but still couldnt make herself _.A. hear B. hearing C. to hear D. heard 49. If you go to Xian, youll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _. A. supposing B. to suppose C. supposed D. suppose 50. It s so cold today, we mus

36、t keep the fire _.A. to burn B. burning C. burn D. burnt 51. The mother was asked _ let her children _ TV every evening; 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. not to; watch B. not to; to watch C. not; watch D. not; wat

37、ching 52. They didnt observe her _ in and go upstairs.A. come B. came C. to come D. coming 53. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET93 17) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 54. I have had my bike ,and Im going to have somebody my radio tomorrow.A. repair; to repair B. rep

38、airing; to be repaired C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairing 55. _ the room, the nurse found the tape recorder _. A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; gone C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen 56. Could you show me the mobile phone youd like _?A. to have repaired B. r

39、epairing it C. having it repaired D. to repair it 57. I have often heard the ABC Song ,but I have never heard Alice it. A. to be sung; to sing B. being sung; sang C. sung; sing D. sang; singing 58. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D.

40、to have sailed 59. -Have you had anyone _ your newly-bought flat? -Not yet. I am going to get John _ a design for it first. A. to decorate; make B. to decorate; to make C. decorate; make D. decorate; to make 60. -“Did you have any difficulty in todays homework? ”-“No, in fact I found _.”A. it very e

41、asy to do B. it very easy done C. very easy for doing D. very easy to do it Keys: 1-5 CCAAD 6-10 AACBC 11-15 BDBAD 16-20 CDAAB 21-25 CACAB 26-30 CBBCA 31-35 ABCCB 36-40 DADAD 41-45 DAABC 46-50 BCDCB 51-55AACCB 56-60 ACCDA 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -