中考英语阅读理解公开课ppt课件.ppt

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1、阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解解题技巧Reading Reading comprehension!comprehension!Reading comprehension Reading comprehension 是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。加工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。和理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平

2、时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。放矢，提高命中率。主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类阅读理解题目主要阅读理解题目主要有以下几种有以下几种: :推推 理理 判判 断断 型型 一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题 此类题大多数针对短文的主题、主题思此类题大多数针对短文的主题、主题思想、标题或目的，是根据文章意思全面想、标题或目的，是根据文章意思全面理解，来进行归纳概括。理解，来进行归纳概括。1)The passage is mainly about_?2) The passag

3、e tells us that_.3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.4)What does the writer mainly tell us? 5)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text?6)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?7)Which is the subject discussed in the text?8)Whats the best title for

4、 this passage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:如何获取段落的主旨和大意？如何获取段落的主旨和大意？ 最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个

5、段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种： 主题句在段首或篇首主题句在段首或篇首主题句在段末或篇末主题句在段末或篇末无主题句无主题句 主旨大意题主旨大意题的解题方法和技巧的解题方法和技巧:Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different ti

6、mes on the calendar.（武汉（武汉.2014年中考年中考 B篇第一段）篇第一段）61.The reading is mainly about_.A. the meaning of “Happy New Year!”B. several different New Year traditionsC. what to eat on New Years DayD. why people dress up nicely on New Years Day（一）主题句在段首或篇首（一）主题句在段首或篇首Passage 1All living things on the earth nee

7、d other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and toge

8、ther they form a food chain(食物链食物链)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears（陕西（陕西.中考中考B篇第一段）：篇第一段）： Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living ThingsPassage 2评析：评析：找出主题句即第一句。这个句子概括了本找出主题句即第一句。这个句子概括了本段

9、的中心意思，段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物开其它的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实，。后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物

10、都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。根据主题句的意思，我们可以很容易判断：根据主题句的意思，我们可以很容易判断： Food Chains Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save the environment.（武汉（武汉.16年中考年中考B篇）篇）Passage 161.The passage is mainly about _. A. 250 people who sign

11、ed to help Andrew B. A brave boy who cared for the environment C. The open land that suited animals and plants D. The research of improving the environment（二）主题句在段末或篇末（二）主题句在段末或篇末Bill was overjoyed with what he got. He decided that from then on he would support the Panthers. He keeps the letter from

12、 Jerry in his bedroom. His mother says, “Its not the helmet they sent us. Its what they told us.” That is what mattered to Bill and why he chose to become a Panthers fan. （武汉（武汉.16年中考年中考C篇）篇）70. The best title for the passage can be _. A. Christmas Gift B. Helpful Mother C. Receiving a Helmet D. Cho

13、osing a TeamPassage 2（武汉（武汉.2014年中考年中考C篇）篇）I never saw my father home from work late or ill, nor did I ever see my father take a “night out with the boys”. He had no hobbies but just took care of his family.For 22 years, since I left home for college, my father called me every Sunday at 9:00 am. He

14、was always interested in my life-how my family was doing. The calls even came when he and my mother were in Australia, England or Florida.Nine years ago when I bought me first house, my father, 67 years old, spent eight hours a day for three days, painting my house. He would not allow me to pay some

15、one to have it done. All he asked was a glass of iced tea, and that I hold a paintbrush for him and talk to him. But I was too busy, for I had a law practice to run, and I could not take the time to hold the paintbrush, or talk to my father.（三）无主题句（三）无主题句Five years ago, my 71-year-old father spent f

16、ive hours putting together a swing set（秋千）（秋千）for my daughter. Again, all he asked was that I get him a glass of iced tea, and talk to him, but again, I had laundry to do, and the house to clean.The morning on Sunday, January 16, 1995, my father telephoned me as usual, this time he had seemed to hav

17、e forgotten some things we had discussed the week before. I had to get to church, and I cut the conversation short.The call came at 4:40 am. That day my father was sent to hospital in Florida. I got on a plane immediately, and I vowed（发誓）（发誓）that when I arrived, I would make up for the lost time, an

18、d have a nice long talk with him ad really get to know him.I arrived in Florida at 1:00 am, but my father had passed away at 9:12 pm. This time it was he who did not have time to talk, or time to wait for me.In the years since his death I have learnt much about my father, and even more about every s

19、ingle day.70.Which is the best title of the reading?A. Painting HousesB. Daughters FamilyC. Father and ID. Fathers phone calls评析：评析：按照上面的说明，我们可以得出按照上面的说明，我们可以得出第第1段的大意：第一段讲的是我的父亲是一个很顾家的人。段的大意：第一段讲的是我的父亲是一个很顾家的人。第第24段讲的是几件父亲与我的往事，以及我总是因为有事而没能段讲的是几件父亲与我的往事，以及我总是因为有事而没能与父亲好好聊天。与父亲好好聊天。第第57段讲的是父亲去世了，我再也

20、不能和父亲好好聊天了。段讲的是父亲去世了，我再也不能和父亲好好聊天了。第第8段讲的是我对父亲的想念段讲的是我对父亲的想念 。 从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕“我和我和父亲父亲”这一中心展开的。换句话说，这一中心展开的。换句话说，“Father and I”就是这篇文章就是这篇文章的主题。的主题。 二、事实细节题二、事实细节题 此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。是针对文章的细节设计的。文章中心文章中心是是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论据论据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文

21、中某个词语、某有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找在文章中找到答案到答案事实细节题事实细节题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when (

22、 where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 5) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?6) From this passage we know _. 如何确定细节和事实？如何确定细节和事实？ 在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：同特点：（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对

23、应的文字部分作为验证。大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但可能句式、用词和表达方式不同。关的若干句子，但可能句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章在文章中找出相应的信息点中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。，二要

24、排除干扰项。事实细节题事实细节题的解题方法和技巧的解题方法和技巧:（武汉（武汉.2014年中考年中考C篇）篇）I never saw my father home from work late or ill, nor did I ever see my father take a “night out with the boys”. He had no hobbies but just took care of his family.For 22 years, since I left home for college, my father called me every Sunday at

25、9:00 am. He was always interested in my life-how my family was doing. The calls even came when he and my mother were in Australia, England or Florida.Nine years ago when I bought me first house, my father, 67 years old, spent eight hours a day for three days, painting my house. He would not allow me

26、 to pay someone to have it done. All he asked was a glass of iced tea, and that I hold a paintbrush for him and talk to him. But I was too busy, for I had a law practice to run, and I could not take the time to hold the paintbrush, or talk to my father.Five years ago, my 71-year-old father spent fiv

27、e hours putting together a swing set（秋千）（秋千）for my daughter. Again, all he asked was that I get him a glass of iced tea, and talk to him, but again, I had laundry to do, and the house to clean.The morning on Sunday, January 16, 1995, my father telephoned me as usual, this time he had seemed to have

28、forgotten some things we had discussed the week before. I had to get to church, and I cut the conversation short.The call came at 4:40 am. That day my father was sent to hospital in Florida. I got on a plane immediately, and I vowed（发誓）（发誓）that when I arrived, I would make up for the lost time, and

29、have a nice long talk with him ad really get to know him.I arrived in Florida at 1:00 am, but my father had passed away at 9:12 pm. This time it was he who did not have time to talk, or time to wait for me.In the years since his death I have learnt much about my father, and even more about every sin

30、gle day.67.When her father painted her first house, the daughter_.A. could only afford a glass of iced tea B. was too busy to talk to her fatherC. could do nothing but hold a paintbrush D. spent eight hours a day working with her father68.On January 16, 1996, the daughter felt that her father_.A. se

31、emed to be a little different B. had no time to phone her as usualC. became interested in church D. had forgotten to discuss some things with her武汉武汉.2014年中考年中考C篇篇 三、推理判断题三、推理判断题 着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。需透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解

32、释。 进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。1)Many visitors come to the writers city to _.2) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _考查在全文的基础上进行推理和判断的能力考查在全文的基础上进行推理和判断的能力考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解1)We can guess the writer of the letter may be a_.2) We can infer fro

33、m the text that _.3) From the story we can guess _. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。其主要提问方式是：考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。其主要提问方式是：1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?2) The writer writes this text to _.3) The writer believes that _.4) The writer suggests that _.推理判断题推理判断题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:Five years ago, my 71-year-old f

34、ather spent five hours putting together a swing set（秋千）（秋千）for my daughter. Again, all he asked was that I get him a glass of iced tea, and talk to him, but again, I had laundry to do, and the house to clean.The morning on Sunday, January 16, 1995, my father telephoned me as usual, this time he had

35、seemed to have forgotten some things we had discussed the week before. I had to get to church, and I cut the conversation short.The call came at 4:40 am. That day my father was sent to hospital in Florida. I got on a plane immediately, and I vowed（发誓）（发誓）that when I arrived, I would make up for the

36、lost time, and have a nice long talk with him ad really get to know him.I arrived in Florida at 1:00 am, but my father had passed away at 9:12 pm. This time it was he who did not have time to talk, or time to wait for me.In the years since his death I have learnt much about my father, and even more

37、about every single day.69.In the reading the underlined phrase get to know him most probably means_.A. get him to know her B. know more about himC. get him to know himself D. make him well-known武汉武汉.2014年中考年中考C篇篇 四、词义猜测题四、词义猜测题着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。需透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。以原文内容以原文内容为前提，

38、据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。根据反义关系猜词根据反义关系猜词1. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical trpikl . 2. Tom is lazy, but his brother industrious. indstris 小结小结热的热的勤奋的勤奋的 1.Tom enjoys talking, and he is the most loquacious lukweis of all the boys i

39、n the class.2. Like clever David, Richard may be intelligent intelident .小小结结聪明的聪明的 爱说话的爱说话的 1. It will be very hard but also very brittlebritl that is , it will break easily. 2.He is an illiterateilitrit, he can not read or write.小小结结脆的，易碎的脆的，易碎的文盲文盲根据定义或释义猜词根据定义或释义猜词 1.The shop sells stationery st

40、einri , such as pens, pencils, paper, envelopes, and so on.文具文具 2. we took the provision pruvin with us to camp ,for example，there were meat, bread, milk, sugar and fruit.小小结结根据举例猜词根据举例猜词食品食品小小结结根据情景推断根据情景推断There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a

41、large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?A. 自来水自来水 B. 大气大气 C. 冰川冰川 D. 蒸汽蒸汽 评析：评析：从语法上看，从语法上看，steam和和hot water是并列关系，是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。在所给第四个选项中只有在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽蒸汽”有这种可能。有这种可能。How to gues

42、s the meaning of words? Lets have a tryHow to guess the meaning of words?例例举举反反义同义义定定义义释释义义上下文上下文情景推断情景推断小试身手祝祝功功成成你你!1.This boss wanted privacy privsi because he knew that being alone would help him solve his problem.2. Children often try to emulate emjuleit , or copy the behavior that they see on

43、television.同义同义小试身手祝祝功功成成你你!1. Finally the enemy surrendered srend . They threw down their guns and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. 2.The herdsman, h:dzmn who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定义、释义定义、释义小试身手祝祝功功成成你你! 1. When a farmer keeps livestock laivstk , s

44、uch as cows, sheep, pigs or goats, he must give them grain,vegetables ,grasses, etc 2.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances plans, for example, washing machines, fridges and color televisions.举例举例1. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, however, his w

45、ife is very thrifty rifti .2. His shirt was clean, but his shoes were grubby rbi. 小试身手祝祝功功成成你你!反义反义小试身手情景推断情景推断 When he heard about the news, he was not happy. He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted. Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area, and ho

46、w the houses would affect(影响影响) the local environment. He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters. He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses.62. The underlined word “oppose” in the passage probably means _. A. Support B. Dislike C. Disagree D. Prefer Successs ahead! Thank you!Thank you!