冶金工程专业英语翻译ppt课件.ppt

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1、 例：例： British and American metallurgists arrived on the patent office doorstep at about the same time in 1948 with their processes for manufacturing a new form of cast iron called ductile iron, a marvelous product that could be made using most of the available equipment and technology of the gray ir

2、on foundry and had some special physical and economic advantages setting it apart from gray and malleable irons and forged or cast steels.冶金学家冶金学家球墨铸铁球墨铸铁可锻铸铁可锻铸铁 例： 例： A、根据词类，辨明词义 1、Aluminium is a light metal. 2、The foundry produces light castings. 3、Light cannot pass through opaque object. 4、The b

3、eacon lighted the plane to a safe landing.B、区分场合，确定词义 1、The fourth power of three is eighty one. 2、Energy is the power to do work. 3、With the development of electrical engineering, power can be transmitted over long distances. 4、The surface morphology of spheroidal graphite in ductile iron can be ob

4、served under a 1000 power SEM.形貌形貌球状的球状的 C、按照习惯，搭配词义、按照习惯，搭配词义 1、High silicon cast iron possesses high resistance to oxidation at high temperature. 2、A large pressure and a large current are needed to get a large amount of water power. D、联系上下文，活用词义、联系上下文，活用词义 1、The strength decreases as the temperat

5、ure increases. 2、Small as atoms are, electrons are still smaller. The extent of decarburization in a white heart iron depends on Mg-S ratio as well as on section thickness. When high pouring temperatures are used to ensure satisfactory running of thin sections of castings the primary austenite tends

6、 to form long coarse dendrites.白心可锻铸铁白心可锻铸铁填充填充脱碳脱碳 Wrought alloys possess good forgeability, and it gives way to pressure. Electric resistance furnaces have their electric energy transformed into heat. This machine is simple in design, yet it is efficient in operation.在压力下会变形在压力下会变形将，使得将，使得结构结构 All

7、oys belong to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds. This new annealing furnace is a fuel-efficient model.中间结构中间结构燃料有效模型燃料有效模型 节油型节油型词语的增译1 英语复数名词的增译 After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained. The first steel castings produced by full mold process (实型铸造工艺) wen

8、t into use in 1978. 一些重要现象第一批2 表示动作意义名词的增译 Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. Corrections and changes are made in accordance with the observed performance. 氧化作用做出修正及改变3 增译概括性词语 Both steel iron and cast iron have the structures of eutectoid, hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid. Ductile irons are

9、manufactured by melting, inoculation (孕育处理), spheroidization (球化处理) and pouring.4 增译解说性词语 Metallic matrix composites became useful only in the late eighties. . 成为. 东西This question is really a technique design rather than an operation problem. .工艺方面.操作方面 5 增译语气连贯词 The more complex the casting, the mo

10、re difficult the alloy and more difficult the applicable specifications, the greater the financial benefit. . 那么. 就 Many persons learned to program with little understanding of computers and their applications. . 虽然. 但词语的减译1 冠词的减译 The direct arc furnace is particularly suitable for the production of

11、 high alloy irons. A liquid metal becomes a gas at or above boiling point. The smaller carbides will easily decompose and go into solution in the austenite and produce a more homogeneous austenite structure.2 介词的减译 The temperature of metal moulds should always be in excess of 200. The content of met

12、al titanium in this alloy is 12.3%-18.6% by weight. In 1990 aluminium alloy castings transfers amounted to perhaps 30 million in the market.3 连词的减译 Manganese goes into solid solution and then it forms a separate constituent. Mn溶入固溶体，然后形成游离态组元。 These metals usually require a certain amount of preheat

13、ing before welding and then allowed to cool slowly after the weld is completed.4.1 人称代词的减译 Most of these alloys are covered by proprietary names and they are normally produced under licence from companies which have developed them. Before you begin to work the instrument, first read the instruction

14、carefully. Given the weight and the specific gravity of a body, we can calculate its volume.4.2 物主代词的减译 The process of separating a metal from its ore is called smelting. It is possible to vary the fluidity and chemical reactivity of slags by adjusting their composition.4.3 反身代词的减译 Like zinc, iron a

15、lso converts itself into a vapor at high temperature.4.4 不定代词的减译 One cannot see the metallographic structure of alloy with ones naked eyes.4.5 关系代词的减译 Industrial experience has shown that ductile irons treated with pure magnesium tend to have less problems with dross defects.5 动词的减译 This process off

16、ers a very good control on the gas content and the amount of insoluble oxide films in the liquid metal. Making use of free-silicon nodularizer results in a requirement for improved spheroidizing treatment technology.6 引导词的减译 If more thought were given to consequences of injuries there would be less

17、tendency to ignore safety precautions and thus, fewer accidents. It is important to reduce the carbon level in stainless steels as low as possible.7 根据修辞进行减译 The force of gravity acts vertically downwards and gives an object “weight or heaviness”. Each nucleation site gives rise to a crystal or grai

18、n which, when solidification is complete, meets neighboring grains at a grain boundary.成分的转换成分的转换1 动词宾语 主语 This device exhibits a high efficient. The runner gate should have a flat bottom.2 介词宾语 主语 Cast iron differ in their graphite morphologies .3 表语 主语 This equipment is a well-designed structure.4

19、 主语 宾语 Carbon is found in almost all ferrous metals. An austenite shell is formed over the entire surface of the graphite nodules.5 定语 谓语 Lower temperatures are associated with faster crystal growth rates.6 状语 补语 The triple-diffused structure has its advantage of having a uniformly doped collector r

20、egion.词性的转换词性的转换1 名词 其它词 The experiment proved to be a failure. The defects of castings show considerable variety.2 动词 名词 The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability.3 形容词 其它词 This metal matrix composite is fairly recent development. These components may serve as an illustrati

21、ve application of the surface alloying process.4 副词 其它词 The device is shown schematically in Fig.3. The extrusion die must be dimensionally correct.5 介词 动词 The letter A is commonly used for austenite, F for ferrite, G for graphite.词序的变动词序的变动 The pouring temperature must be below 1340 to minimize liq

22、uid shrinkage. The dross problem is caused by the formation of magnesium oxides and sulfides resulting from the Mg treatment. Slip and twinning are the most important modes of deformation and account largely for the plastic strain that is generated before fracture. Presented in the paper are new dat

23、a on this subject.被动句型 Tensile strength is measured in MPa. Metal aluminum itself had been known to man. 1420 is showed on the pyrometer. No steel can be melted without electric furnace.否定句型 全部否定：用具有否定意义的词构成1 None of these castings have shrinkage defects.2 Neither of the compounds are intermetallic

24、compound. 复数形式数的翻译 tens 数十个 dozens 几十 hundreds 几百个 thousands 几千个 millions 千千万万5、含有数词的习惯短语 a hundred and one 无数的，许多的 by halves 不完全，不彻底 fifty-fifty 平均 first of all 首先 second to none 首屈一指直译与意译直译与意译1.Silicon carbide crucibles also consist of silicon carbide and special graphites but with the addition of

25、 a small quantity of silicon. 碳化硅坩埚也是由碳化硅和特种石墨组成，但还添加了少量碳化硅坩埚也是由碳化硅和特种石墨组成，但还添加了少量的硅。的硅。2.It may seem strange that in this modern electronic time, the physicists are still a very long way from understanding the ultimate structure of matter or existence. 看起来也许有些奇怪，在当今电子时代，物理学家距离理解看起来也许有些奇怪，在当今电子时代，物理

26、学家距离理解物质或存在的最终结构还有很长一段路程。物质或存在的最终结构还有很长一段路程。 在当今电子时代，物理学家们还远没有弄清物质即存在的在当今电子时代，物理学家们还远没有弄清物质即存在的最终结构，这似乎有些奇怪。最终结构，这似乎有些奇怪。死译与乱译死译与乱译1.Problems encountered in the test indicate the need for following additional design refinements. 试验中碰到的问题指明了下述另外的设计改进的必要。试验中碰到的问题指明了下述另外的设计改进的必要。2.Founding of metals ha

27、s always been regarded as a mixture of art and science with some foundryman maintaining it is more an art than a science. 金属铸造通常被认为是艺术和科学的混合体，而一些铸造师金属铸造通常被认为是艺术和科学的混合体，而一些铸造师认为它比科学更艺术。认为它比科学更艺术。 试验中出现的问题表明，还需要对原设计进行下述改进。试验中出现的问题表明，还需要对原设计进行下述改进。通常认为金属铸造是艺术与科学的结合，一些铸造师则通常认为金属铸造是艺术与科学的结合，一些铸造师则认为：与其说它

28、是一门科学，毋宁说它是一种艺术。认为：与其说它是一门科学，毋宁说它是一种艺术。词典的作用犹如钟表。最词典的作用犹如钟表。最坏的钟表聊胜于无，而最坏的钟表聊胜于无，而最好的钟表也难保无误。好的钟表也难保无误。Dictionaries are like watches ,the worst is better than none and the best can not be expected to be quite true.一、顺序法。一、顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如:例1. Even when we turn off the b

29、eside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在电仍在为我们工作为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热把水加热, 或使室或使室内空调机继续运转。内空调机继续运转。 例2. But now it is realized that supplies o

30、f some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. 可是现在人们意识到可是现在人们意识到, , 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, , 人们人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多

31、少年可望存在多少年”, , 也就是说也就是说, , 经过若干年后经过若干年后, , 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。耗殆尽。二、逆序法。二、逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, mo

32、st commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.由于铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起由于铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合最普遍的是跟氧结合（因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力）（因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力）, 所以所以 在自然界中找不到在自然界中找不到游离状态的铝，因而游离状态的铝，因而 直到直到19世纪铝才被人发现。世纪铝才被人发现。例2. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice h

33、igher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. 许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常情。这在西方倒是人之常情。例3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a m

34、eans to fight their way out of poverty. 对于以往几代人来说对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。之害的是穷人。三、分句法。三、分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切的关系并不十分密切, , 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯句的习惯, ,把长句的从句或短语化成句子把长句的从句

35、或短语化成句子, , 分开来叙分开来叙述述, ,为了使语意连贯为了使语意连贯, , 有时需要适当增加词语。有时需要适当增加词语。例例1.Forging processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large number of identical castings being produced.锻造方法可分为单件生产和大批生产两类：单件生锻造方法可分为单件生产和大批生产两类：单件生产是生产少量的锻件，大批生产则是生产大量相同产是生

36、产少量的锻件，大批生产则是生产大量相同的锻件。的锻件。 例例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. 人们常说人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和掌握科学

37、和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。例3. The number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible about one in four. 大约有大约有1/41/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力的美国青年人没有阅读能力, , 这简直令这简直令人难以置信。人难以置信。例4. Although perhaps only 1 percent of the life that has sta

38、rted somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式, , 但是行星的数目如此但是行星的数目如此之多之多, ,以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。以

39、致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。例1. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.对于现代书籍对于现代书籍, , 特别是教科书来说特别是教科书来说, , 要是作者希望自己要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实

40、和新发现同步发展的话的话, , 那么就应该每隔较短的时间那么就应该每隔较短的时间, , 将书中的内容重新修改。将书中的内容重新修改。四、综合法。四、综合法。 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便一种方法都不方便, , 这就需要我们的仔细分析这就需要我们的仔细分析, , 或按照时间的先后或按照时间的先后, ,或按照或按照逻辑顺序逻辑顺序, , 顺逆结合顺逆结合, , 主次分明主次分明地对全句进行综合处理地对全句进行综合处理, ,以便把英语原文以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。 例2.0ne of the ways of furt

41、her strengthening a solid solution matrix is to obtain a fine distribution of a hard intermetallic compound throughout the structure in order to further restrict deformation mechanisms, large crystals or networks of such compounds must be avoided however since they can cause embrittlement. 进一步强化固溶体基

42、体的途径之一是：在整个组织中进一步强化固溶体基体的途径之一是：在整个组织中获得细密分布的坚硬的金属间化合物，以进一步限制获得细密分布的坚硬的金属间化合物，以进一步限制变形机制；但是必须速免粗大晶粒和金属间化合物的变形机制；但是必须速免粗大晶粒和金属间化合物的网状组织，因为它们会导致脆性。网状组织，因为它们会导致脆性。 例3.It is important remember that the composition of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specificatio

43、n, and such variations in composition, impurity elements and also grain size caused in hotworking process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties. 重要的是要记住，给定牌号钢的化学成分在其规定范重要的是要记住，给定牌号钢的化学成分在其规定范围内可能发生一些变化，这样一些在热加工过程中引围内可能发生一些变化，这样一些在热加工过程中

44、引起的存在于成分、杂质元素、还有晶粒大小上的变化，起的存在于成分、杂质元素、还有晶粒大小上的变化，将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异.例4. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, a

45、nd pleasure in the centers of the cities. 大到目前为止大到目前为止, 经历了经历了18和和19两个世纪两个世纪, 这种新的这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。中心地区。例5. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else. 尽管警察已接到命令尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况要作好准备以应付紧急情况, 但人们不敢出门但人们不敢出门, 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。和无能为力。