2022年高中英语系动词和助动词精讲及练习2 .pdf

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1、系动词和助动词一、 动词概述表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类：类别例句使用特点行为动词及物动词Love, make 后跟宾语不及物动词Go, rise 后不跟宾语连系动词Be, look 后跟表语助动词Be, have, do, shall, will, did 本身没有词义， 后跟动词原形或分词，构成疑问句或否定句等情态动词Can, may, mist 本身有词义，后跟动词原形，构成谓语二、 连系动词系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb ），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词

2、，接的是形容词。大致分七种1 状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2 持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep , rest, remain, stay , lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3 表像系动词用来表示 看起来像 这一概念，主要有seem , appear, look , 例如：He looks tire

3、d. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4 感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。5 变化系动词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall （asleep） , get

4、 , go, come , run. 例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6 终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达 证实 ，变成 之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）7使役动词：let,have,make

5、使，让 Let /make somebody do sth The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school. Make sb/sth adj. The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful. Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事Have sth done 让某物被My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed. 有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词

6、。另外 be 还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。 (look 用作实义动词) He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look 用作连系动词) They are at work. 他们在工作。 (are 用作连系动词) They are working. 他们正在工作。(are 用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时) 三、 助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb ）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（ Main Verb ）。构成时态,语态。助动词

7、是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如：He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。（ doesnt 是助动词，无词义；like 是主要动词，有词义) 1、助动词 be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been ）的用法（1） be 后跟现在分词构成进行时态。Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴？She was reading a book then. 那时她正在读书。（2）be 后跟过去分词构成被动语态。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

8、-第 2 页，共 15 页He was asked to d o the work. 有人要他干这件工作。You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。（3）be 后跟不定式作谓语，有如下几种情况： 表示计划、安排将要发生的事。Who are we to meet? 我们要见谁呀？Im to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。 表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。You are to see the headmaster today. 今天你必须去见校长。You are not

9、to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。 表示义务、责任等，同should 。You are to be back before 5. 你得在 5 点钟以前回来。What is to be d one?该干什么。 表示可能性，与情态动词may, can 同义。Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。Not a sound was to be heard. 一点声响也没有。 表示后来发生的事，可以用来表示命运或注定They say good-bye, little know

10、ing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了，没想到再也不能相见了。He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。 用于习语Where am I to go? 我该向何处去？What am I to do? 我该怎么办？2、助动词 have(has, had, having)的用法（1）助动词have 可以构成完成时或完成进行时He has been a doctor for 10 years. 他当医生十年了。This is the place I have been longing to visit.这

11、就是我一直渴望参观的地方。（2）和不定式构成谓语，表示客观上不得不做的事情。Weve missed the train. Well have to wait for another one.我们己经误了火车，我们只能等下一列。-Do we have to start work? 我们得立刻工作吗？-No. We dont have to. 不，不必了。3、do(does, did) 的用法（1）构成疑问句或否定句How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。（2）加强语气。He did tell that. 他的确告诉

12、了此事。Do come and see us.一定来看我们。（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。-You like popular music, d ont you? 你喜欢流行音乐，是吧？-Yes , I d o.是的，我喜欢。He speaks French as fluently as she does. 他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页（4）用于倒装句中。Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。Only then did

13、I understand the importance of English.只是那时，我才了解到英语的重要性。（5）构成否定的祈使句。Dont be so careless. 不要那么粗心。Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。4. 助动词shall和 will的用法shall和 will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语。He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall 用于第一人称，will 只用

14、于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall 只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较: He shall come.他必须来。（shall 有命令的意味。）He will come.他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）shall 在疑问句中,用于第一,第三人称,征求对方意愿shall I turn on the light? 要开灯吗?( 我把灯打开好吗?) shall he come to see you? 他要不要来看你(比较 : will he come to see you? 他会不会来看你) sha

15、ll 用在陈述句, 与第二第三人称连用, 变为情态动词表示允诺,命令 ,警告 ,和说话人的决心等5.助动词should,would的用法1）should无词义，只是shall 的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。比较：What shall I do next week?I asked. 我下周干什么？我问道。（可以说，shall 变成直接引语时，变成了should 。）2） would也无词义，是will的过去形

16、式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如：He said he would come.他说他要来。比较：I will go, he said. 他说： 我要去那儿。 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页变成间接引语，就成了：He said he would come.原来的will变成 would ， go 变成了come. 。过去式从原来的go 变为 came 。系动词专项训练1. What is Mr Wang like? _. A. He is a teacherB. He is old and

17、kind C. He looks like a balloonD. He likes English 2. What Mr White said sounds_. A. friendlyB. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely 3. The poor boy _ blind at the age of three. A. turned B. goes C. became D. went 4. When he was a child he_ . A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true 5.

18、His voice_ as if he has a cold. A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems 6. This shirt_ as if it is made of cotton. A. isB. looks C. feels D. seems 7. He looks _ he hadnt had a good meal for a monthA. that B. as if C. when D. so far 8. It _that he was late for the train. A. looks B. turns C. gets D. s

19、eems 9. These apples taste_. A. to he good B. to be wellC. well D. good 10. Do you like the shirt? Yes, it _ very soft. A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt 11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he_ asleep A. kept B. got C. fell D. fall 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页12

20、. When I went home yesterday, it was _ dark. A. going B. getting C. running D. coming 13. Their plan _ to be a perfect one. A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving 14. The flowers in the garden _ sweet. A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell 15. She_ like her mother in character. A. looks B.

21、seems C. is D. feels 16. It_ another fine day tomorrow. A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks 17. He _ much younger than he really is. A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns 18. You_ very pale. Do you feel sick? A. looked B. look C. looking D. are looked 19. His wish to become a driver has _true

22、. A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown 20. Her father _a writer. A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become 助动词专项训练1.If it is fine tomorrow, we _ a football match. a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has 2.When he was at school, he _ early and take a walk before breakfast. a. will rise b. shal

23、l rise c. should rise d.would rise 3.In the past 30 years China _ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. a. has made b. have made c. had made d. having made 4.I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work. a. don t/had b. didnt/have c. didnt/had d. don t/have 精选学习资料 - - -

24、- - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页5._ you think he _ back by dinner time? a. Do/have come b. Did/will have come c. Does/will come d. Do/will have come 6.He said that he dropped his bag when he _ for the bus. a. was runing b. was running c. were running d. is running 7.No sooner _ he arrive

25、d home than he _ to start on another journey. a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked 8. “_ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel. a. Should b. Can c. Might d. May 9.There are nine of them, so _ get into the car at the same time. a. they may

26、 not at all b. all they may not c. they cant all d. all they cant 10. “We didn t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He _ it.” a. mustn t attend b. cannot have attended c. would have not attended d. needn t have attended 11. “You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, dont you? ” “No, officer. I

27、_. This car cant do more than 80.” a. didnt need to be b. may not have been c. couldnt have been d. neednt have been 12.he was a good runner so he _ escape from the police. a. might b. succeeded to c. would d. was able to 13.If they _, our plan will fall flat. a.are co-operating b. had not co- opera

28、ted c. wont co-operate d. didnt co-operate 14.I hoped _ my letter. a. her to answer b. that she would answer c. that she answers d. her answering 15.He _ live in the country than in the city. a. prefers b. likes to c. had better d. would rather 16._ to see a film with us today? a. Did you like b. Wo

29、uld you like c. Will you like d. Have you liked 17.I m sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _ what I did. a. must do b. had to do c. ought to have done d. have to do 18. “Time is running out,_?” a. hadn t we better got start b. hadn t we better get start 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -

30、- - -第 7 页，共 15 页b. hadn t we better get startedd. hadnt we better not started 19.No one _ that to his face. a. dares say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to say 20.The students in the classroom _ not to make so much noise. a. need b. ought c. must d. dare 21.You _ last week if you were really se

31、rious about your work. a. ought to come b. ought to be coming c. ought have come d. ought to have come 22.The elephants ought _ hours ago by the keepers. a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed 23. “I wonder why theyre late.” “They _ the train.” a. can have missed b. could miss c

32、. may have missed d. might miss 24. “Tom graduated from college at a very young age.” “He _ have been an outstanding student.” a. must b. could c. should d. might 25.You _ the examination again since you had already passed it. a. needn t have taken b. didnt need to take c. needn t take d. mustn t ta

33、ke 26.He is really incompetent! The letter _ yesterday. a. should be finished typing b. must be finished typing c. must have finished typing d. should have been finished typing 27.The boy told his father that he would rather _ an astronaut. a. become b. to become c. becoming d. became 28.When we rea

34、ched the station, the train had still not arrived; so we _. a. needed not to hurry b. needn t have hurried c.need not to have hurriedd. didnt need to hurry 29.Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend,_ you like to have dinner with us tonight? a. will b. won t c. wouldnt d. do 30.He wa

35、s afraid what he had done _ a disastrous effect on his career. a. might have b. could be c. have been d. shall be 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 15 页31.He _ hardly say anything more, since you know about it. a. don t need to b. neednt c. needs d. need 32.You _ the look on his f

36、ace when he won the prize. a. would have seen b. should have seen c. must see d. can be seeing 33.Some people think the stock market will crash, but _. a. I wonder if it happensb. I doubt if it will happen c. I am afraid it wouldnt happen d. I doubt if it does happen 34. “Whatever has happened to Ge

37、orge?” “I don t know. He _ lost.” a. can have got b. may have got c. might get d. could get 35.He has no idea what the book is about. He _read the book. a. couldnt b. couldnt havec. mightnt haved. shouldnt have 36.New studies show that two of Saturns rings _ longer than the 4.5 billion years since t

38、he birth of the Solar System. a. could have lasted b. should have lasted c. would have lasted d. must be lasting 37.Take the telescope with you in case you _ it in your expedition. a. will need b. would need c. should need d. could need 38.Need he come at once? Yes, he _. a. must b. must not c. need

39、 d. may 39.Please answer the phone. It _ be by your father. If it is, would you tell that I want to see him? a. will b. should c. would d. could 40.Well never give in whatever they _ say or do. a. may b. will c. shall d. should 41.With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night. a. mustn t

40、 go b. wouldn t go c. oughtnt go d. shouldnt have gone 42.Everyone _ the cake because there wasnt even a small piece left. a. must like b. must have liked c. must have been liking d. had liked 43.I wish to recollect where I met her, _? a. would I b. may I c. may not I d. can I 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

41、 - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 15 页44.I _ think he will _ dare the risk. a. not/ .b. do/notc. ./not d. don t/. 45.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it _ be active. a. may not b. must c. might d. is not 46.You _ your seats today if you want to go to the game. a. had better

42、to reserve b. had better reserve c. had to better reserve d. had to reserve better 47.I _ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. a. would rather not have b. would not rather had c. rather would not have d. rather not would have 48.Many scientists _ their own eyes and ears than the theories

43、 of the ancients. a. would rather to believe b. would rather believe c. rather would believe d. will rather believe 49.To travel from England to Scotland you _ a passport. a. haven t got b. mustn t have c. needn t d. don t need 50.One of the statements _ to be untrue. a. is turned out b. has turned

44、out c. have been turned out d. have turned out 51.I dont know whether it will rain or not, but if it _ rain, I shall stay at home. a. will b. did c. does d. shall 52. “Youd like some tea,_?” a. wouldn t you b. shouldnt you c. hadn t you d. didnt you 53. “May we take the books out?” a. No, you may no

45、t b. No, you can not c. No, you cant d. Please dont 54. “I would have come sooner, but I _ that you were waiting.” a. didnt know b. hasn t known c. hadn t know d. haven t known 55.If you dont want to, you _ to get there with us. a. mustn t b. can t c. don t have d. have not 56.I would go to visit th

46、em but I _ think they are anxious to see me. a. haven t b. don t c. doesn td. didnt 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 15 页57.Whatever you can do,_. a. I can do so as wellb. I can do this as well c.I can do it as well d. I can do as well 58._ I realized the consequences I would ne

47、ver have contemplated getting involved. a. Had b. Have c. Having d. Has 59. “Perhaps she is working for John.” “Yes, she _ for him.” a.need have been working b. may be working c.ought have been working d. ought be working 60. “I know she was in because I heard her radio, but she didnt open the door.

48、” “She _ the bell.” a. may not be hearing b. may not have heard c.must not have heard d. must not be hearing 61. “He was smoking.” “Then he _ .” a.ought to have been not smoking b. ought to have not been smoking c.ought not to have been smoking d. ought to not have been smoking 62.You _ out yesterda

49、y without a coat. No wonder you caught cold. a. oughtnt have gone b. shouldnt have gone c. mustn t have gone d. can t have gone 63. “Paul was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he was hit by the trailer of a lorry.” “He _ a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed.” a. shouldnt hav

50、e been riding b. couldnt have been riding c.oughtn t have been riding d. can t have been riding 64.I am listening. But you _. a. need be listening b. should be listening c. need have been listening d. ought be listening 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 15 页65.He _ with us last n