2022年高中英语语法定语从句总复习 .pdf

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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思高中英语语法定语从句总复习郴州资兴三中李俊才定义： 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一、关系带词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例： This is the detective who came from London. 例： The book wh

2、ich I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that ，不用 which 。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。）(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用 wh

3、ich, who ，或 whom 。(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom 、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competitio

4、n, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征品性或才能的人。 Which 引导的定语从句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which; 若是指集体中的各个成员，则用 who。(

5、8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that 。(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom ，不用 which 。例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you?（在这的所有人中谁和你一起去？）“介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to a

6、t, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或which, 不可用 that 。(2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. (3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of. （这是她曾今照顾

7、的孩子。）二、关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。 关系副词 when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语， why充当原因状语。2. that可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因That 有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者 why引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that 也可以省去。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词关系副词或 that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主

8、句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。2关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分, 作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语 宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进

9、,熟读而精思四、 As 在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（） as 多与 such 或 the same 连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（） as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which 。例如：The elephant s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.( ）the same that与 the same as 在意思上是不同的。2As 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面 中间或后面， 一般用逗号与主句隔开， 但 which所引导的非限制性

10、定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is expected, the England team won the football match. 五、英语定语从句专项练习单项填空1I think you re got to the point_ a change is needed, otherwise you ll fail.A. when B. that C. where D. which2The hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affec

11、t their relationships with real-life people.A. when B. that C. in which D. on which3Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by the tiger.A. that B. by which C. which D. in which 4There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she

12、 had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that 5_ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As 6_ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B.As C.That D.What 7There are many people_ only on-line activity

13、is sending and receiving e-mails.A.who B.that C.which D.whose 8EBay,Amazon and WalMart are popular websites_people can sell goods to each other.A.where B.which C.when D.whose9On his 10th birthday.Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway, _he believes that he can go to the wild.精

14、选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思A.which B.from what C.through which D.that10 I hope_the little _I have been able to do has been of some use.A.that;that B./;by which C.what;what D./;with which11 The farmers use wood to build a house_to store grains all the ye

15、ar around.A.with which B.to whichC.which D.in which 12 This was a film_ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys.A.which B.when C.in which D.there13The thought of going home to his family was allkept him happy while he was working abroad.A.that B.what C.those D.which14 A container weighs more afte

16、r air is put in_proves that air has weight.A.as B.it C.that D.which 15 Can you tell me where Peter lives?Over there.The two storey house, _there is a garden.A.near it B.from which C.in front of it D.in front of which 16 Miss Green took up the story at the point_the thief had just made off with the j

17、ewels.A.where B.which C.as D.when17 Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else_ ,is there?A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 18 The year before last,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _effects the people are still suffering.A.that B.w

18、hose C.those D.what 19 Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, _ as the name suggests,eating doesn t take much time.A.who B.where C.which D.what 20 Later I want to return home but couldn t find a company _I could use_I had learnt.A.where;that B.where;what C.when;what D.that;that 高中总复

19、习英语定语从句专项练习卷参考答案1答案： C 解析： where 在此处引导定语从句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2答案： B解析：本题考查定语从句。that引导的定语从句又在从句中作spend 的宾语。3答案： D 解析：由四个选项知该空格应填入定语从句的引导词，此句意义为：people were eaten by the tiger in the scene，所以先行词scene 应该与介词 in 搭配。4答案： A 解析：关系副词where 引导定语从句，修饰trou

20、sers，并在定语从句中作地点状语。全句意思为：在她擦手的裤子上留下了污迹。5答案： D 解析：从句意看，本题考查定语从句的用法，故首先排除C项。由于 when在定语从句中只能作时间状语，而题干中的定语从句缺主语，因而排除B 项； as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，which 引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，而 as 引导的定语从句可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后， 其中 as 表示“正如那样”。 as is often the case为固定词组，意为“这是常用的事；正如常见的情形”。全句意思为“正如平常一样，我们已经制订出了工作计划”。最佳答案D。6答案： B 解析：由题干的结

21、构及内容看，逗号之前，应为非限制性定语从句，故选B项。全句意思为：“正如报纸上报道的那样，两国之间的谈判取得了进展。”若选A项，此句应为：It is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two.若选 D项，此句应为： What is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two. 7答案： D 解析： whose谁的，“有许多人，他们的上网活动只是发送和接收电子邮件。”8答案： A解析：考查定语从句。where 引导的定语从句，在从句中作状语。9答案： C解析：考查定

22、语从句。through为介词提前，构成go to the wild through.。10 答案： A解析： 句子成分分析。 第一个 that 引导宾语从句， 第二个 that 引导定语从句， 修饰 the little。11答案： D解析：考查定语从句和省略。句中省略了they want;in which引导定语从句在从句中作地点状语。12答案： C解析：“在这部电影中”斯皮尔伯格用了真实的演员而不是玩具，故用in which引导定语从句。13答案： A解析：考查定语从句。all 为先行词，关系代词用that 。14答案： D解析：考查非限制性定语从句； which 引导非限制性定语从句指代

23、前面整句话的意义。15答案： D解析：考查非限制性定语从句。in front of which“在的前面”。16答案： A解析：考查定语从句。where 引导定语从句修饰先行词 at the point。17答案： B解析：考查定语从句及省略。完整形式为： There is no one else (that/who)she can turn to;turn to sb.求助于某人。18答案： B解析：题意是“前年，东南亚部分地区遭遇了洪水灾害，至今人们还在受此影响”。由题中的逗号可以判定出句子的后半部分是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是floods 。从句子的结构可看出，定语从句中只缺少定语，也就是说，先行词在从句中充当定语，所以引导词要用whose。19答案： B解析：本题考查定语从句；where 引导定语从句，又在从句中作地点状语。20答案： B解析： where 引导定语从句 ,what 引导宾语从句。“在公司里我可以用到我所学的知识”。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页