2022年高考英语谓语动词附带习题练习 .pdf
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1、句型一:主语系动词表语我们先来分析该句型谓语动词的特点,然后举例说明这种结构的句子如何演变为复杂的难句。因此,本节内容安排如下:1.2.1 谓语动词的特点1.2.2 简单句叠加成复杂难句1.2.1 谓语动词的特点该句型的谓语动词是系动词 linking verb如 be 或其他系动词。系动词,又叫连系动词,顾名思义,这种动词并没有具体的动作,而只是起连接主语和后面成分的作用。这种动词后面所接的成分是用来说明主语的特点,说明主语的性质特征的,因此被称之为主语补足语或表语能表示主语特征的成分,这就是读者熟悉的“主系表”句型。在展开具体讨论之前,请读者先来看下面这个小故事,这个故事也许对各位读者学习
2、英语会有所启示:1 Losers look for quick fixes. There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-so-easy way. The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But the not-so-easy way may mean
3、getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is time-consuming and painful, but the weeds will stay away for a longer time. The first solution appeared easy, but the problem remained. The 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页second solution was
4、not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. The key is to get to the root of the problem. The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The problem with people today is that they want instant answer. They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like instant coffee, t
5、hey want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure. 妙语点睛在这篇短文中,“主系表”结构的句子有很多。比方:1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower. 2) The yard looks fine for a while. 3) But that is a temporary answer. 4) Soon the weeds are back. 5) It is time-consumi
6、ng and painful. 6) The first solution appeared easy. 7) The second solution was not so easy. 8) The key is to get to the root of the problem. 这些句子谓语动词前面的名词短语都是主语,后面的则是表语。用作表语的形式有很多,可以是不定式比方to run a lawnmower和 to get to the root of the problem 、 形容词 比方 fine, time-consuming and painful, easy 、名词短语比方 a
7、 temporary answer、副词比方 back 等。另外,这里的系动词主要是be 的各种形式,如 may be, is, are 和 was 等,但除了 be 以外,还有其他系动词,如looks 和 appeared 。精品译文失败者寻找捷径除掉院子里的杂草可以有两种方法:简便方法和不简便方法。简便方法可以是开动锄草机,然后院子里的草就没了。这可以管一阵子的事,但只是权宜之计,不久后杂草又长出来了。不简便的方法就意味着你自己得双膝跪地,然后用双手把杂草连根拔除。这既费时间又费力气,比较痛苦,但是杂草能够在很长一段时间内不会再长出来。第一个除草方案似乎简单易行,但只能治标不能治本,问题并
8、没有真正解决。第二个方案比较费力,但是能根除问题。关键是要解决根本问题。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页我们面对人生的态度也是如此。现代人的问题在于,他们想投机取巧,对一切事情都想快速解决。这就像速溶咖啡一样,他们想要的只是“幸福快餐”,而这样的幸福只是暂时的。生活中没有捷径,想找捷径最终会导致失望。相信读者看完这个短文之后,应该有所启示,那就是学习英语的道理完全一样,要想真正学好它,是没有捷径可走的。学习英语可以有方法,但没有捷径,更不能投机取巧。英语学习是一个漫长的、需要点滴积累的“痛并快乐着”的过程。接下来
9、,我们来分析英语中的系动词的不同分类。主要有下面四大类:一、单纯表示主语的特征、状态的这样的系动词有feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem和 appear等。请看例句:2 The iron feels hot. 这块铁摸起来很热。3 The rose doesnt smell much. 这玫瑰花不是很香。二、表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态的这样的系动词有become, grow, get, turn, fall, go和 come等。例如:4 The leaf will turn yellow in autumn. 叶子秋天就会变黄。5 The tea
10、cher became angry. 老师生气了。对于 fall, go 和 come等词作为系动词时,这些系动词与形容词连用一般具有固定的搭配关系。请先看下面含有fall 的例子:6 Our supplies of sugar and rice fell short. 我们的糖、米供给不足。7 The jokes fell flat. 玩笑毫无效果。8 Ive got to return the book this afternoon; it falls overdue a week. 我今天下午得还书,已经过期一周了。9 fall due 到期10 fall asleep 睡着精选学习资料
11、 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页因为这里的fall 都是作为系动词,所以其后面不能接副词,比方不能说fall shortly*或fall flatly*等。请看 go 作为系动词的例子:11 go hungry 饿了,挨饿12 go mad 变疯了13 go bad 坏掉了14 go crazy 变得疯狂15 go sour 变酸16 go wrong 出错了从上面的例子可以发现,go 作为系动词时,一般用于贬义,即表示主语是朝着坏的或消极的一面改变。相反,come作为系动词,则是表示褒义的,即表示主语是朝着好的或积极的一面
12、改变。请看例句:17 Hope your dreams will come true. 祝你好梦成真。18 The dream has come true. 梦想已经实现。19 come right 纠正了,正确了三、表示主语保持某种状态的这样的系动词有continue, remain, stay, keep, hold, rest和 prove等。请看例句:20 He has fallen into the habit of doing morning exercises to stay healthy. 妙语点睛不要说 stay healthily,因为副词不能作表语。精品译文精选学习资料
13、 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页为了保持健康,他已经养成了晨练的习惯。21 If you dont stay busy, you die. I dont want to die right now. 妙语点睛不要说 stay busily ,因为副词不能作表语。精品译文如果你不辛勤忙碌,就等于死亡。我可不想现在就死去。22 You may rest assured that he will come to the party. 妙语点睛rest assured是一个固定搭配。精品译文尽管放心,他会来参加聚会的。23 The
14、weather continued fine for several days. 天气连续几天都很晴朗。24 He held silent for the whole day. 他一整天都沉默不语。四、近似于不及物动词的系动词近似于不及物动词的系动词有sit, act, arrive, blush, marry, die和 be born等。有人将其称为“半系动词”,因为它们介于不及物动词和系动词之间。读者对这些系动词只需了解,并且在遇到相关句子时能够正确理解即可。我们先来看下面这篇介绍阿诺德施瓦辛格的短文:25 Arnold Schwarzenegger grew up in Austral
15、ia. His father was a policeman and his mother a housewife. Home didnt have a flush toilet or refrigerator until Arnie was 14. He arrived in the U. S. a penniless 21-year-old. His wife, Maria Shiver, is an anchor woman on U. S. TV news and niece of assassinated President John F. Kennedy. Andy Warhol
16、and Grace Jones were among the 500 guests at their wedding. Others invited who were unable to attend included the Pope and the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页Reagans. His hobbies include reading, collecting art and attending classical music festivals. 我们来分析其中的一句话:He arrived
17、 in the U. S. a penniless 21-year-old. 妙语点睛首先,介词短语 in the U. S. 显然是表示地点的, 修饰谓语 arrived ,即是一个地点状语, 表示“他到达了美国” 。其次,名词短语 a penniless 21-year-old起什么作用呢?作arrived 的宾语吗?显然不行, 因为 arrive 是不及物动词,不可能接宾语。从语义上来看,a penniless 21-year-old显然是补充说明主语he 的,表示“他到达美国的时候是一个身无分文的 21 岁的穷小子”,即 a penniless 21-year-old是一个主语补足语,
18、也就是相当于表语。可以把这个句子改写成: He was a penniless 21-year-old when he arrived in the U. S.从而证明这里的谓语arrived 相当于一个系动词的作用,连接主语he 和表语 a penniless 21-year-old。精品译文阿诺德施瓦辛格在澳大利亚长大。他父亲是一名警察,母亲是家庭主妇。直到小阿诺德14 岁时家里才有了抽水马桶和电冰箱。 21 岁的时候,他身无分文地来到美国。他的妻子玛丽亚希弗是美国电视新闻的主持人,也是美国前总统约翰 F肯尼迪的侄女。安迪沃尔和格蕾斯琼斯是参加他们婚礼的500 名嘉宾之一,其他受到邀请却没
19、能参加的客人包括教皇和里根家族的成员。他的爱好包括读书、收集艺术品和听古典音乐会。请读者再来看下面这个小故事:26 An eagles egg was placed in the nest of a prairie 大草原chicken. The egg hatched and the little eagle grew up, thinking it was a prairie chicken. The eagle did what the prairie chickens did. It scratched in the dirt for seeds. It clucked and cac
20、kled. It never flew more than a few feet because that was what the prairie chickens did. One day he saw an eagle flying gracefully and majestically in the open sky. He asked the prairie chickens, What is that beautiful bird? The chickens replied, That is an eagle. He is an outstanding bird, but you
21、cannot fly like him because you are just a prairie chicken. So the eagle never gave it a second thought, believing that to be the truth. He lived the life of and died a prairie chicken, depriving himself of his heritage because of his lack of vision. What a waste! He was born to win, but was conditi
22、oned to lose. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页我们来分析其中的这句话:He lived the life of and died a prairie chicken. 妙语点睛笔者认为,这是该故事中最难的一个句子了。这个句子原本地结构是He lived the life of a prairie chicken and died a prairie chicken。 也就是说名词短语a prairie chicken同时充当两个谓语部分lived the life of和 died 的成分。那在这里
23、到底是什么成分呢?作宾语吗?可以肯定的是,a prairie chicken是作介词 of 的宾语。但是 died 的宾语吗?我们知道, die 是不及物动词,不能接宾语。从语义的角度来看,即使把a prairie chicken 看作是 died 的宾语,也是讲不通的,因为这样一来句子的意思就成了 “它把一只草原鸡弄死了” , 这显然不对,因为这里 he 就是 a prairie chicken,而不是两种不同的动物。其实,这里的die 相当于一个系动词,其后面的名词短语a prairie chicken是用来补充说明主语的,也就是说是主语补足语,可以将其改写成:He was a prair
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