2022年初中英语八种时态归纳复习 2.pdf

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1、英语的八种主要时态的结构一、一般现在时：概念： 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。例：He listens to the radio every evening. 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month ), once a week, on Sunday, etc. 基本结构 ： be 动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are +not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt ，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句： 把 be 动词放于句首；

2、用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does ，同时，还原行为动词。二、一般过去时：概念： 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。例：I was born on April 2, 1986. 时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month ), in 1989 , just now, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构： be 动词；行为动词否定形式： was/were +not

3、;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首；用助动词do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时 ：概念： 表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。例：The woman is talking to the doctor. 时间状语： now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构： am /is/are +doing 否定形式： am /is/are +not +doing. 一般疑问句：把be 动词放于句首。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - -

4、- -第 1 页，共 7 页四、过去进行时：概念： 表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。例：We were copying the new words this time yesterday. 时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构： was / were +doing 否定形式： was / were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was 或 were 放于句首。五、现在完成时：概念： 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，

5、持续到现在的动作或状态。例：I have already finished my homework 时间状语 ：recently, lately, since,for ,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构： have/has + done 否定形式： have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句： have 或 has 放于句首。六、过去完成时：概念： 以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即 “ 过去的过去 ” 。例：The class had already begun when I came to schoo

6、l. 时间状语： before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本结构： had + done. 否定形式： had + not + done. 一般疑问句： had 放于句首。七、一般将来时：概念： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。例：We are going to have a volleyball match tomorrow. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, mont

7、h, year),soon, in a few minutes, by ,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构： am/is/are going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式： am/is/are going not to + do；will/shall not + do. 一般疑问句： be 放于句首； will/shall提到句首。八、过去将来时：概念： 立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。例：Did you ask Kate whether they would fly to Egypt？时间状语： the ne

8、xt day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本结构： was/were going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式： was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首； would/should 提到句首。英语的八种主要时态的用法及比较一、一般现在时主要用于：1、表示经常性或习惯性动作。e.g. It seldom snows here. 2、表示现在的特征或状态。e.g. He is alway

9、s ready to help others. 3、普遍真理。e.g. Action speaks louder than words. 4、剧情图片介绍，背景说明，动作解说。e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table) Doctor ： Whats your trouble, young man? Tom ： Ive caught a cold, doctor. 5、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains. 与这种时态连

10、用的时间状语常有：always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。二、一般过去时主要用于：1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性的动作或状态）e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days. 2 、谈到过去的情况时e.g. I didnt know you were so busy. 3 、谈到已死人的情况时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7

11、 页e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter. 与这个时态连用的时间状语常有：yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间。三、现在完成时主要用于：1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times ha

12、ve you read the novel? For many days we havent seen each other. 2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了（说明现在不在这里）Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。与这一时态连用的时间状语有：already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语，连词since 引导的时间状语从句。一般过去时与

13、现在完成时的区别：一般过去时：重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况（时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等）。现在完成时：只提起已发生的动作（事实）及其影响，不说明动作发生时的具体情况。cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch? I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father. 注：现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性，故下面一句是错的：Have you seen the six thirtys news program? 应

14、改为：Did you see the six thirtys news program? 四、现在完成进行时主要用于：表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在，以至延伸到将来，它强调动作延续时间之长久。e.g. Ive been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。 （还在写）cf. Ive written an article. 我写了一篇文章。 （已写完）It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。五、过去完成时1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。e.g. As soon a

15、s we got to the station, the train had left. 注：主从句表达的动作紧接时，即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时，主从句都可用一般过去时。e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army? 2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight oclock, he had finished his homework. 精选学习资料 -

16、- - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页与这个时态连用的时间状语常有：by 1985, by eight oclock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作结束的时间。（六）现在进行时主要用于：1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days? 2 、代替一般现在时，表示经

17、常性动作或状态，而含有某种感情色彩。e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样？（显得亲切）He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。（赞扬）You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。（厌烦）3 、动词go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai. 与这种时态连用的时间状语常有：now, these days, recently, this week 等。七、过去进行时主要用于：表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行

18、的动作。e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。What were you doing this time yesterday? 与这个时态连用的时间状语常用：at nine oclock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 注：1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时，从句常用过

19、去进行时。e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus. 2 、 when 用作并列连词，意为“ 这时 ” ，连接两分句时，第一句多用过去进行时。e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in. 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时：强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。过去进行时：强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。试区别下面两句：We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。（可能尚未建成）We built a rese

20、rvoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。（已经建成）八、一般将来时主要用于：表示将要发生的动作或情况e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页与这个时态连用的时间状语常用：tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别：一般将来时态：主要从时间的角度表将要发生的

21、动作或情况。be going to 结构：表（主观上）打算或准备做某事时。表有发生某事的预兆时。e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 据以上区别，故下面一句是错的：I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为：I shall be eighteen years old next year. be about to do sth 结构：意为 “ 刚要做某事 ” 、“ 马上要做某事 ” 强调时间之紧迫性。e.g. W

22、e are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题。be to do sth 结构：表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for. . 几种常见时态的相互转换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式： 瞬间动词用于 “ 一段时间+ ago ”的一般

23、过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用； 瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时 ” 的句型中，表示“ 自从 以来有 时间 ” 的意思，主句一般用it is 来代替 It has been;瞬间动词用于“ Some time has passed since + 一般过去时 ” 的句型中。请看：A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined

24、the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页在一般现在时中，at 加上名词表示“ 处于某种状态 ” ，如 at work （在工作） , at school （上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进

25、行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为 “ 我就来，妈妈！” 请看：The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、 “be going to+ 动词原形 ” 与“will(shall)+动词原形 ” 结构的转换“ be going to+ 动词原形 ” 、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“ will(shall)+ 动词原形 ” 结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall 。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will 。请看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页