英语专四写作指导ppt课件.ppt

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1、TEM 4作文How much you know about TEM4 Writing?How many words? How much time allowed for you to do the task?What score you get?How a composition is assessed?How to prepare a composition?How to arrange your 35 minutes?What style? Requirements1，作文：200个单词左右，考试35分钟，总分15%2，便条：50-60字的通知，便条，请帖等等，考试时间10分钟，总分10

2、%Word Limit: about 200 wordsWord Limit: about 200 words1. .如题目中给出主题句，起始句，结束句，均不得计入所写字数2.只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者：0-9分（指规定三段的作文）长度计分标准: 150170词: 扣1分 130150词: 扣2分 110130词: 扣3分 90110词: 扣4分 90词以下: 至多给5分 3.3.为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准，现将各档为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准，现将各档作文分相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为作文分相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中得分率。其中9 9分的得分率为分的得分率为

3、6060（相当于百分制（相当于百分制的的6060分）。分）。作文分作文分1515 14 1314 131212111110109 9 8 8 7 7 得分率得分率1009487807467605447作文分作文分 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1得分率得分率40342720147 Composition Marking Criteria15 15 points:points:文章内容切题，思想表达清楚，行文通顺流畅，论证严密，论据充分，基本上无语言错误。14-12 14-12 points:points:文章内容切题，思想表达清楚，语言比较通顺、连贯、只有极少量语法错误。11-9 1

4、1-9 points:points:文章内容基本切题，尚能表达中心思想，但说理不够清楚，文字连贯不够好，有少量语法错误。 8-6 points:基本切题，思想表达不够清楚，连贯性差，语言错误多。5-3 points:文章条理不清，语言缺乏连贯，句子错误很多，或语言虽通顺流畅，但完全偏题。注意：注意：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。 作文评分原则1）是否体现主题思想2）组织结构是否合理3）语法文字是否有重大错误4）卷面布局是否整洁 写作顺序1）阅读文章标题，确定文章的中心思想2）确定文章体裁和写作方法3）列出提纲，拟写各部分的主题句4）文章草稿：扩展主题句5

5、）修改后抄正 时间分配审题：1-2分钟写提纲，组织素材，细节和关键词：4-5分钟起草：20分钟修改定稿：4-5分钟（拼写/搭配/语法） Part I 引言段 （内容）1）描写法2）主题法3）数据法4）定义法5）对立法6）问题法 Part I1.Topic: (引出要讨论的主题)2 My attitude towards it (作者对这些问题的基本态度和看法，是赞 成还是反对)Why college students take a part-time jobNowadays college students are seen waiting on tables, cleaning in sto

6、res, advertising in streets, teaching in families and doing whatever work they can find. It has become fashionable for college students to do some odd jobs in their spare time.No more video gamesTeenagers are spending far too much time and money in video arcades these days. In my opinion, video game

7、s should be done away with. They are nothing but a waste of time,money and energy.Why college graduates have difficulties finding a jobAccording to a recent survey by china daily, about 15 percent of college graduates have difficulties finding a job after their graduation ,and the number seems to be

8、 increasing.(通过引用数据引导出中心思想）Should Euthanasia be advocatedEuthanasia, a quiet and easy death, or”mercy killing”(下定义）， has become a heated topic among people recently. Many people applaud it and argue that euthanasia should be advocated in our society（中心思想）. My view on easing school childrens study bu

9、rdenEver since the easing of school childrens study burden is advocated by educators,some teachers and parents frown at it, saying that it will exert bad effects on the children(引言先引出某些人的观点）。But (通过转折引出自己的不同观点-全文主题）I think easing school childrens study burden will do good to school children both phy

10、sically and mentally.Is money all powerful?Is money all powerful? If someone asks me such a question（引言句提出问题）, my answer is always the same: No money is by no means all powerful（通过回答问题引出全文主题）.Part II 主题段根据全文主题确定主题段的内容注意层次关系： General General Specific details Specific details1.首句概括性句子(General) (简单地重复一

11、下所持态度)2.阐述所持态度的理由一 2.1.Supporting Details (具体的事例论证)3. 阐述所持态度的理由二) 3.1 Supporting Details (具体的事例论证)4.阐述所持态度的理由三) 4.1 Supporting Details (具体的事例论证) Part III Part III 结语段 (Conclusion) 1，总结式2，复述式3，展望式4，建议式5，警示式Why college students take a part-time jobThe significance for college students of doing a part-

12、time job means more than money and experience: it will broaden their out-look and exert a profound influence on their personality and life.The necessity of voluntary blood donationSince voluntary blood donation is beneficial to the blood receivers, to the donators themselves and to the society, why

13、dont we all join in the line?Why do I choose to live in the suburbsLiving in the suburb is becoming a predominant pattern, and with the improvement of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life.The advantages and disadvantages of private tutoringGe

14、nerally speaking, the disadvantages of private tutoring overweigh the advantages. Therefore, greater emphasis should be laid on classroom teaching and practice, on the improvement of teaching quality and on the tapping of the pupils potentialities.（提出建议） Only in this way can a new generation be heal

15、thily brought up（作出展望）.Ease burden of our school childrenIf we dont ease our school children study burden now, just imagine what would become of our children in a few years: their eyes short-sighted, their backs hunched, they are nothing but book worms（指出效果）. Therefore, easing our childrens study bu

16、rden is not a necessity, but a must（得出结论）.作文分类1，立场选择型(评论型议论文)2，问题解决型3，道理论证型(分析型议论文)4，比较对比型文章体裁分类分析原因类作文叙述理由类作文比较型议论文分析型议论文评论型议论文批驳型议论文一，立场选择型作文题目A OR B?Is it wise to make friends on the internet?Saving Money or spending Tomorrows money?YES OR NO?Will phones kill letter writing?评论型议论文第一段： 引言句引出要评论的事物

17、， 说明在这事物上两种不同的看法第二段： 1赞成的观点或事物的优点 2承上启下的过渡句，引出下面另一种看法 3反对的观点或事物的缺点第三段：平衡这两种看法，总结出作者自己的观点Should the old people live with their adult children?Nowadays it becomes a hotly debated issue whether old people should live with their adult children or not. What do you think of this issue?第一段：Nowadays, it is

18、a heatedly discussed topic/-has become the most popular/-is a popular phenomenon.(指出新热点，交代争论的背景）I think-(表明自己的观点和态度）第二段：Firstly/In the first place/First of all/On one had-(阐述一方面理由）Secondly/In the second place/On the other hand/Furthermore（阐述另一方面理由）第三段：In short-/To sum up/In one wordP 17Nowadays, it

19、is a heatedly discussed topic to - Firstly, it may interfere in adult childrens independence and freedom.Secondly, people of different ages have different ways of life.Thirdly, people of different generations have different views and values.In short-问题解决型作文常见题目The best way to stay healthyOne way to

20、solve the problemMy idea of a university arts festivalMy idea of a successful interviewMy idea of city traffic第一段：引言，对现状、形势、或困难的描述，提出问题第二段：原因，途径与方法，列举做某事的途径或问题解决的种种方法第三段，评价In modern society, most people seem to be under great success, which has caused a lot of psychological problems among them and s

21、erious social problems too. What do you think of it? How to solve the problems? Give your opinion.第一段：Currentlybecomes a hot issue of the societycontributes to a lot of psychological and social problems(交代文章背景，并且指出问题的严重性）第二段：There are several ways to(总体指出解决方法）Firstsecondthird-(分别阐述不同的解决方案）第三段：By doi

22、ng so, youll find yourself with-（最后总结全文，指出这样做的好处）Currently , how to cope with stress becomes a hot issue of the society. Too much stress contributes to a lot of psychological and social problems.There are several ways to cope with stress. First, you have to revaluate the priorities of your life.-Sec

23、ond, regular exercise will help you relieve your stress. Third, you should learn to relax.By doing so, youll find yourself with enhanced physical strength-三，道理论证型The benefits of volunteeringThe importance of keeping a good moodTravel broadens the mindThe importance of extracurricular activities分析型议论

24、文主要是判断和分析所讨论的事物或观点的性质。具体地说就是阐述其重要性，正确性，必要性或荒谬性，危害性等。题目通常如下：u The benefits of making friends of different kinds; u The importance of making cities greener;uThe harmful effects of heavy exposure to TV. u The benefits of volunteeringu The importance of keeping a good moodu Travel broadens the mindu The

25、 importance of extracurricular activities第一段：开篇引出题目要求评论的论点，直奔主题第二段，详细阐述支持这个看法的两个到三个理由第三段，总结全文，并给出自己的见解Nowadays, the suicide rate of college students has been increasing, which arouses more and more public attention. Many universities and colleges offer courses to the enrolled students concerning men

26、tal health. Besides, they also provide psychological consultation to those in need. Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: The importance of psychological education is college第一段-has recently become a heated topic./Nowadays, it is a heatedly discussed topic that-/more and mor

27、e people pay attention to-/-attract a lot of public attention./Currently,-has become a matter of concern/more and more people begin to realize the importance of-(引出主要话题，作文全文的铺垫）第二段： This phenomenon is never accidental.(自然过渡，开始阐述个点理由）Firstly/In the first place/first of all/on one hand(阐述一方面理由）secondl

28、y/in the second place/on the other hand（阐述另一方面理由）第三段：I believe that- is very important to-/-will help -(再次指出-的重要性，总结全文）The mental health of college students has recently become a heated topic.-This phenomenon is never accidental. Firstly, mental health is equally important to our daily life.-Secondl

29、y, people need professional suggestions to care more about their mental conditions.-Furthermore, university students are in a special adolescence period in which they grow more mature.I believe that-A major advantage/disadvantage of advertising on televisionThe main difference between my college lif

30、e and my middle school lifeThe advantages and disadvantages of a part-time jobWhere to live-in the city or in the country? Which is your pastime - watching TV and listening to music or taking part in sports and games?Do you prefer to live independently after marriage or continue to live together wit

31、h your parents? 同一个事物第一段，开篇引出对这一事物或做法的不同看法第二段，分别阐述这些看法的立足理由及其优劣第三段，总结并给出自己的见解Nowadays, a lot of people buy books online. Some people may think it is convenient; but others may be concerned about its safety. Write a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: Advantages and disadvantages o

32、f buying books online第一段：-has been a fashion./Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in -/there is a hot debate over-指出新热点，交代背景）Frankly, there are both advantages and disadvantages about-(提出自己的观点，指出各有利弊）第二段：Firstly/In the first place/First of all/On one hand-(阐述一方面理由）secondly/in the second place-

33、(阐述另一方面理由）However,there is also a disadvantage about-(介绍不利的一面）第三段，As far as I am concerned, Id prefer to/To sum up/In one word/In short-(再次重申自己的观点）两个事物第一段：引言句（描述现象或者提问法）引出要比较的两个事物，主题句指出两个事物存在明显差异或不同特点。第二段：直接评述A的主要特点，拓展-指出B的主要特点，拓展第三段，通过比较得出倾向性的结论，表明作者态度In our daily life, we have more and more chance

34、 to contact foreigners. Have you ever noticed the difference between American culture and Chinese culture?Difference between American culture and Chinese culture in daily life第一段，with the reform and opening-up(指出新热点，交代背景）It is not hard to notice the difference betweenIn my opinion, their differences

35、 outweigh their similarities(指出两者差异，并且说明自己的观点差异多过相似处）第二段，On one handOn the contrary/on the other hand, Another difference is第三段，From all these cases, we would conclude that there are lots of differences between-便条扣分规则1，格式（日期，称呼，结尾）：3分Yours Sincerely(扣一分）正确：Yours sincerely,2，内容：2分3，语言：5分关于字数：不到50或超过8

36、0，扣1分。II.内容按便条具体内容的各项功能给分. 以2002年的便条要求为例:You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman. Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.本便条内容必须包括以下三项:1. Expressing your interest in it.2. Asking Jack about its condition.3

37、. Offering a price for it.缺内容扣分; 语言表达较差扣0.51.5; 拼写及语法错误超过3个的扣一分.Lily, your roommate, is looking for a part-time job in the coming summer vacation. You saw an ad for a private English tutor for a schoolboy. Write her a note, telling her what the job is and strongly recommending it to her.Marks will b

38、e awarded for contentcontent, , organization, organization, grammar and appropriatenessgrammar and appropriateness.1，审题1,to whom: Lily, a roommate2,why: recommend3,what:an ad about a part-time job and recommending it to Lily23rd,AprilDear Lily, I heard that youre looking for a part-time job in the c

39、oming summer vacation. I have just seen an ad for a private English tutor for a schoolboy in my campus. Since youre good at English and like teaching, I think this job is very suitable for you, because it not only help you earn some money but also practice yourself. So please think about it.Yours,Li

40、mingFour partsDateSep. 10, April 21stSalutationDear TomDear Mr. WilliamsDear Schoolmates,/Dear President/Dear Madamebody-Complimentary closeYours,CharlesYours sincerely/sincerely yours,/Faithfully yours,/Yours faithfully1,邀请类日期：右上方称呼：另起一行，最左边，朋友或同学可以直呼姓名，不太熟悉的或长辈，职位较高者要加上相应称呼下一行写主体部分右下方署名Your friend

41、 Mary interests in musical performance very much. Occasionally ,you have got two admission cards to the Italian National Bands performance in the Beijing Grand Theater. Write a note to invite her to the performance . Tell her the exact time, place and other details.July 1Dear Mary, The Italian Natio

42、nal Band will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening.(告知） I think you may like to watch it. If you are interested in it, I will leave you an admission card. The performance will begin at seven oclock sharp（解释）. If you come with me, I will wait for you at the theater entranc

43、e（询问）. Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not（确认）.John二，接受/谢绝邀请日期称呼感谢邀请表示欣然接受邀请并表达热切期待赴约的心情署名Your friends, Mr. and Mrs. Kramer, will hold a cocktail party on April 18th. They have sent you the invitation. You are happy to join them. Write a note to accept their invitation an

44、d express your appreciation to them.April 15Dear Mr. & Mrs. Kramer,Many thanks for your kind invitation to the cocktail wine party held in your house on April 18th（致谢）. Jane and I are all pleased to attend the party and want to share the happy hour with both of you（取悦）. We are looking forward to see

45、ing you soon（期待）. I hope that the party will go on well（希望）.David谢绝日期称呼感谢邀请，并对不能赴约表示遗憾解释不能赴约的理由，并致歉署名You are Dr. Smith. Several days ago, your friend, Professor Wang, on behalf of his institution, invited you to give a speech in his department on December 20th. Although you would like to accept it,

46、you are not feeling well recently. Write a note to reject their invitation.December 15Dear Prof. Wang, I am very fortunate that both you and your institute offer me the honor to give a speech on December 20th in your department（致谢）. Although I would like to accept the invitation（取悦）, I do not feel w

47、ell in recent days（解释）. So I am sorry to say that I am not lucky enough to make the appointment this time（抱歉）. I wish that I can have that honor next time（留机会）. Have a good time(祝福）.Dr. Smith三，祝贺类日期称呼祝贺事件，贺词署名You are Jean. You have got a letter form your friend Eric, which tells you his marriage lat

48、ely. Write a note to express your heartfelt congratulations and wish a good future to the new couple. Feburuary 14Dear Eric, I have just received your letter telling me of your recent marriage.(获悉）This happy event in your life prompts me to offer you my hearty congratulations and good wishes.(祝贺）You

49、 are lucky!(取悦）I sincerely wish that peace,health and happiness may attend both you and your wife forever(祝愿）.All in all , I offer my best wishes to you.(期望）Jean四，慰问类向别人所遭遇的不幸表示慰问，关心日期称呼事件，慰问署名Your name is Mary. Your friend Jacobson was not doing well with his business in recent days. Write a note t

50、o offer your sympathy and comfort him.July 25Dear Jacobson, I am sorry to hear that you have not been successful in your recent business.(获悉） Although I am sending you my sympathy（慰问）, I feel you ought not to be unduly distreesed at the result（鼓励）. Right now, youd better relax and have a good rest（建