2022年初中英语语法现在完成时讲解以及练习题 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载现在完成时1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。 它和主语的人称、 数要保持一致。 过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。2.用法（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被 just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有

2、for 和 since等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981 他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）I havet seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。3.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sun

3、day,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词 already和 yet。already一般用于肯定句中， yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如： We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。b.用 ever 和 never。 多用于否定或疑问句中， 表示 “曾经”或 “从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Grea

4、t Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如： I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括 “现在” 在内的时间状语，如： now,today,this mor

5、ning(month,year,term)等。例如： -Have you met him today?-No,I havent. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？（2）现在完成时可以和带有since 或 for 等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。 如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像 come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示 “一段时间” 的状语连用。要用，必须改为“ be（在）”等延续性动词来

6、表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrivebe here begin(start)be on 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或 be on open be open join be in 或 be a m

7、ember of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork 等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。We

8、have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。 如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）5.几点注意事项（1）have been(to) 与 have gone( to) 的

9、区别：have been(to) 表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times 等连用，后者则不能。如： They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since 一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been

10、dead for two years. 他父亲去世已有三年了。（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997. 自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。一、单项选择1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago

11、D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -

12、 - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou

13、_ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. won t go, saw B. wont go, wil

14、l see C. won t go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 12.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 13. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, is 14. -_ you _ to Beij

15、ing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Ha ve, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did,go, didnt, was going 15. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has g

16、one C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought 17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A. finishes B. ha

17、s finished C. finish D. is finishing 19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 20. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he _ the party three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C

18、. was joined; is D. joined; was 21. -What a nice bike! How lone _ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had 22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. ke

19、pt D. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a long time? -Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. -How long have you _ from the USA? -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _ this book for half a y

20、ear. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had 26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _ for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 27. - _ you_ your homework yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finis

21、hed D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather _ in Beijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. -How long have you been here? - _ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He _ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D.

22、caught 31. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 33.Where have you _ these days？I have to Beijing with my friendsA. been ；gone B. been ；been C. gone ；been D. gone ；gone 3

23、4How long have you _ this book？A. bought B borrowed C had Dlent 35. We have lived here _ five years agoA. when B since C before D after 36I have watched the game When _you _ it？Ahave；watched B do；watch C did；watch D will；watch 37How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？Oh，I _ such a beautiful cityAdont vi

24、sit B didnt visit C havent visited D hadnt visited 38Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twiceAhave been B has been C have gone D has gone 39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to YunnanAafter B before C since D for 40His grandpa _ for two yearsAwas died B has been dead C was dead D has

25、 died 41Have you ever_ to Haikou？Yes，I_ there with my family last AugustAgone；went B been；went C been；went to D been；was in 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载42. His sister _ her hometown for three years. Shell return next yearAleft Bhas left C has been away D has been

26、away from 以适当形式填空1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet . 3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I _ (be) there twice . 4. -_ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? -No, never. 5. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6.

27、Where s Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 7. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become) a large city. 8. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 9. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 10. -How long _ the Smiths _(stay)here? - For two weeks. 11. - I

28、_ (see) the film “Chicken Run ”. - Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 12. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 13. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 14. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 15. _

29、you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 16. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next. 17. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 18. She _ (be) ill for three days. 19. My father _ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan

30、for it. 20. She_ (not read) this book before. 21. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 22. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet? -Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 23. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 24. They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China. 句型转换 (每空一

31、词 )。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句 ) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasn t come to school because hes ill (就划线部分提问 ) _ _ he come to school? 3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问 ) _ _ _ _ learned English ? 4. I bough

32、t a new bike just now. (用 just 改写) I _ just _a new bike. 5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 ) We _ _ English _ three years 6. He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问 ) _ _ _ he_ here? 7. They have already finished the work.（否定）They _ _ the work _. 8. My father got there two days ago.（

33、同义句）My father _ _ _ for two days. 9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句）Mr. Li _ _ English in this school since 1999. 10. The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句）The factory _ _ _ for ten years. 11.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问 ) _ _ _ _ they _ the classro

34、om this week? 12. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同义句）My father _ _ _ England _. 13. John left Beijing three years ago. （同义句）John_ _ _ Beijing_ three years. 14. His company closed in 2003. （同义句）His company _ _ _ _ 2003. 15. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句）My father _ _ th

35、e car _ half a year. 16. We got to know each other for about 15 years. （同义句）We _ _ each other _ about 15 years. 17. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句）The film _ _ _ for ten minutes. 18. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同义句）I _ _ this book for two weeks. 一、单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Ma

36、ybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3 、Have you met Mr Li _？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载. just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ on

37、e new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6 、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will

38、 ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7 、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go .

39、 did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12 、Do you know

40、 him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13 、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14 、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 15、 It _ ten years since he left

41、 the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载.has gone . went .will go . has been 17 、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in .have been to . have gone to .have been 18、The s

42、tudents have cleaned the classroom,? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since heto China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to

43、 work C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问 ) have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换 ) This factory _ for twenty years. 5、Miss

44、Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换 ) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换 ) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arr

45、ived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子 ) _ 汉译英。1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与already （已经）， just （刚刚，正好），ever（曾经）， neve

46、r （从来，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载也不；从不），before （以前）， yet （仍然）等连用。故2 应选 B。3、C 4、现在完成时常与recently（近来）， so far（到目前为止），in the past/“ last + 一段时间” 等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4 应选 D。5、C 6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故 6 应选

47、 C。7、C 8、现在完成时还与once（一次） ，twice （两次） ，three times（三次） ，several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8 应选 B 。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别： 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9 的正确答案为B 。10、 B 11、现在完

48、成时中， 非延续性动词不能与for和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11 的正确答案依次为：D。12、 B 13、A 14、 C 15、A。16、“ have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地 （但现在已不在那儿）。 ”故 16 的正确答案为A。17、 A 18、D 19、 C 20、C 二、句型转换。1、has he? 2、How

49、 long 3、died, has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined ；ago 7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes. 三、汉译英。1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now. 2、He received a letter yesterday. 3、My father has been to the Great Wall before. 4、She hasnt seen the new film yet. 5、She has been to Shanghai. 6、Where has he been these days？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页