2022年高考英语一轮复习专题篇章结构题教学案资料 .pdf
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1、学习好资料欢迎下载专题 19 篇章结构题考纲展示命题探究1 命题方式的特点篇章结构题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章描述事件的发展、所说明事物的结构或论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推理、分析和总结的能力。2 常见的设问方式(1)How is the passage organized? (2)Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (3)The author develops the passage mainly by_. 3 篇章结构题的注意事项考生在做该题型时要学会把握文章的脉络,理解段落层次之间
2、的关系,弄清作者的写作方法。 英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想, 主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头,也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用词语连接,承上启下,使文章行文连贯,逻辑严密。为突出主题,作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,通过举例、 比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。 考法综述 该类题主要考查文章发展的脉络、各段落的层次关系以及写作手法,如举例、比较、类比等论证手法。命题法 1 段落组织方法典例 1 The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable, bus
3、iness, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balan
4、ce. On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种 ) that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, m
5、any species are quickly dying out. On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页学习好资料欢迎下载fields also threatens (威胁 ) human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life, and the de
6、struction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain dise ases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the worlds groundwater. Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations ( 种植园 ) coul
7、d mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate, and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸
8、性的 ) soil conditions. It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice.They canpurchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and m
9、ankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? (P:Paragraph) 答案 A 篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍了阳光充足的咖啡生产的话题;二、三、四段介绍了阳光充足的咖啡生产带来的破坏;第五段劝说人们去购买对环境有利的阴凉处种植的咖啡,所以是总分总的结构,故选A。【解题法】段落组织方法的解题思路(1) 通读全文,把握各段大意。(2) 确定段落组织框架。精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
10、- - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 13 页学习好资料欢迎下载总分式:总分;分总;总分总。并列式:段落之间是平行关系。对照式:一正一反。命题法 2 写作方法 ( 论证方法 ) 类典例 2 Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning
11、, and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions. The foods we eatand when and how we eat themare often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural ( 农村的 ) and urban areas within one country. Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion ( 时刻 )
12、or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread. Food also play
13、s an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示 ) success in the New Year fo
14、r the person who receives it. Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round
15、 foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by _. Au
16、sing examples Bmaking comparisons Canalyzing causes Ddescribing processes 答案 A 篇章结构题。本文列举了不同文化背景下庆祝活动中的饮食文化。故选A项。【解题法】写作方法 ( 论证方法 ) 类解题思路(1) 通读全文或某段,分析写作手法。(2) 确定写作方法展开方式:时间顺序;空间顺序;例证关系;对比或类比关系。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页学习好资料欢迎下载Passage 1 限时: 6 分钟体裁:议论文题材:科学生活类难度:中词数:3
17、20 Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes that are broughtaboutP1 by new technology are often mistakenW1 for a change in attitudes. An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are att
18、ending college. Surveys ( 调查 ) on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very ” or “somewhat ” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitoriesW2. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ag
19、o. Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattodaysparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildrenslivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.SHowever, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicateW3 that parents are failing to let go of their “adult ” children. In the context (背景 ) of this discuss
20、ion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to beintouchwithP2their college-age children frequentlyW4, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the
21、possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasnt present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents todays grandparentswould have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier. Furthermore, studies show that finance
22、s are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenonW5 is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of coll
23、ege life, today and in the past. Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bearinmindP3that all such changes c
24、ome from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings. 科学的变化影响着生活的各个方面,但是科技带来的社会变化常被误认为是态度的变化。作者对此举例进行了说明。1The surveys inform us of_. Athe development of technology 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页学习好资料欢迎下载Bthe changes of ad
25、ult childrens behavior Cthe parents over-protection of their college childrenDthe means and expenses of students communication 答案C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Surveys ( 调查) on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be very or somewhat overly-protective even after their children move into college dormi
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