2022年中考英语阅读理解知识点梳理及经典练习经典 .pdf

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1、中考英语阅读理解知识点梳理及经典练习( 超详细) 经典一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析）1根据短文理解选择正确答案。CIf music makes you smarter and exercise helps you to think, surely exercising to music can turn you into a clever person. A team of scientists from Ohio State University did experiments on 33 volunteers who were getting better from heart d

2、isease after operations. They found those volunteers who exercised while listening to Italian musician Antonio Vivaldis The Four Seasons did much better on language ability tests than without music. It is also used in medical fields for patients who have had head hurts because of its moderate tempo

3、（舒缓的节拍）.“ Exercise seems to cause positive changes in the nerve （神经） system and these changes may improve the learning ability of people with heart disease,” said the psychologist Charles Emery, who led the study. “ And listening to music is thought to enhance understanding. We just wanted to put th

4、e two results together,” he added. The volunteers said they felt better emotionally and physically after exercising with or without music. But their improvement on the test doubled after listening to music during exercise. Scientists have proved that music can be good for health and education. It he

5、lps reduce stress and sadness, encourage relaxation or sleep, wake up the body and improve memory and thoughts. Scientists have been studying the results of exercise to music on learning and understanding since the early 1950s. A study showed that students who listened to Mozarts violin pieces and e

6、xercised went on to get higher marks in an IQ test. With important exams drawing near, your parents will not probably allow you to listen to music or play sports. But perhaps now you have good reasons to argue with them.（1）What does the underlined word enhance mean?A. produce B. provide C. improve D

7、. impress（2）From the last paragraph we can learn that .A. you should follow your parents wordsB. you have some good reasons to join in an IQ testC. good marks depend on listening to music and excisingD. exercise to music might help you get higher grades in tests（3）Which of the following statements i

8、s true?A. Music helps volunteers get better from heart disease.B. Exercise is used for people with head hurts.C. Exercise causes no changes in health without music.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - D. Music can help you relax

9、 and feel energetic.（4）What might be the best title of the passage?A. Exercise to Music B. Music and study C. Importance of Music D. Studies on Exercise【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）D（4）A 【解析】 【分析】本文主要介绍了多听音乐可以提高我们的学习能力，可以让我们更健康，有聪明，说明了音乐的重要作用。（1）词义猜测。根据本段第一句“Facts suggest that exercise improves the learning abil

10、ity of people with heart disease,”说明音乐可以提高那些患病的人的学习能力，说明And listening to music is thought to enhance understanding.中的 enhance 是指提高，增强的意思。produce生产； provide 提供； improve 提高； impress 给 留下印象。故C正确。（2）细节理解。根据文章倒数3,4 行 A study showed students who listened to Mozart went on to score higher marks in an intel

11、ligence test.说明多听音乐可能让人在智力测试中得到高分，说明D 项正确。（3）细节理解。根据倒数第二段Scientists have proved that music can be good for health and education. It helps reduce stress and sadness, encourage relaxation or sleep, wake up the body and improve memory and thoughts 可知音乐可以减少压力，让人放松，唤醒身体，提高记忆等，故选D。（4）主旨大意。本文第一句If music ma

12、kes you smarter and exercise helps you to think, surely exercising to music can turn you into a clever person是文章的中心句，下文都是围绕第一句进行阐述，故选A。【点评】本文主要讲述的是音乐的重要作用，需要考生在阅读的时候有足够的耐心。要养成在上下文串联中猜测词义的能力，根据上下文中出现的同义词，近义词，反义词，以及词义的解释来理解生词。同时要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影响。要根据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理。2阅读理解Grace Murray was born o

13、n December 9, 1906 in New York City. In 1928 she finished her education in Vassar College in Maths and Physics. Since 1931, she had been teaching at Vassar and continued her study at Yale University, where she achieved a lot in Maths in 1934. In 1930, Grace Murray married Vincent Foster Hopper. They

14、 were happy together for 15 years. She taught at Vassar College until 1943, when she joined the United States Navy（海军） to help her country during World War .Then she was given a job at the Bureau of Ships Computation Project at Harvard University, where she worked on the Mark series of computers.In

15、1945, she began to do research in Applied（应用） Physics at Harvards Computation 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - Laboratory. In 1949 she joined the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and worked with people working in it. Year

16、s later, she returned to the Navy. She retired in 1971 but continued teaching for the computer development. Brewster Academy, a school in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, the United States, gave its computer lab to her for free in 1985, calling it the Grace Murray Hopper Centre for Computer Learning. She h

17、ad spent her childhood summer at a local family in Wolfeboro. She passed away in her sleep in 1992. Since her death, her workmate Elenor Briggs has been going on with her work. Grace Murray was a great woman and a leader in the computer development. Her work helped improve the use of computer langua

18、ges. She practised her words Dare and Do in her lifetime.（1）How many years did Grace Murray teach at Vassar? A. About 2 years. B. About 6 years. C. About 12 years. D. About 18 years.（2）Before she joined the United States Navy, what did Grace Murray do at Yale University? A. She studied Maths. B. She

19、 researched Applied Physics.C. She developed computer languages. D. She worked on the Mark series of computers.（3）Why did the school in Wolfeboro give its computer lab to Grace Murray for free? A. Because the lab was built with her help. B. Because she once spent some time there.C. Because Wolfeboro

20、 was her home town. D. Because she once taught there.（4）The underlined phrase passed away in Paragraph 3 means . A. worked B. died C. waited D. dreamed【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍了Grace Murray的一生。（1）细节题。根据Since 1931, she had been teaching at Vassar and continued her study at Yale University从

21、1931 年起，她一直在瓦萨任教，She taught at Vassar College until 1943 ，直到 1943 年，可知 格蕾丝 默里在瓦萨教了大概12 年书， 故选 C。（2）推理题。根据Since 1931, she had been teaching at Vassar and continued her study at Yale University, where she achieved a lot in Maths in 1934.自 1931 年以来，她一直在vassar 教书，并继续在耶鲁大学学习，1934 年在那里她在数学方面取得了很大成绩， 可知 在加

22、入美国海军之前，格雷斯 默里在耶鲁大学教数学， 故选 A。（3）推理题。根据She had spent her childhood summer at a local family in Wolfeboro 她在沃尔夫博罗的一个当地家庭度过了童年的夏天可知 沃尔夫博罗的学校免费把它的计算机实验室给格雷斯 默里因为她曾经在那里呆过一段时间， 故选 B。（4）词义猜测题。根据Since her death自从她死后，可知passed away 是去世的意思 ， 故选 B。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词

23、义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - 3阅读理解 A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an important surgery（外科手术） .He found the boys father in the hall waiting worriedly. On seeing him

24、, the father cried out, Why did you take all this time to come？Dont you know that my son is in danger ？ Dont you have any sense of duty ？ The doctor smiled and said, I am sorry. I wasnt in the hospital and I came as fast as I could after receiving the call and now, I wish youd calm down so that I ca

25、n do my work. Calm down？！ What if your son was in this room right now？Would you calm down ？If your own son dies while waiting for a doctor, then what will you do？said the father angrily. The doctor smiled again and replied, We will do our best and you should also pray for your sons healthy life. The

26、 surgery took some hours after which the doctor went out happily, Thank goodness！Your son is saved！And without waiting for the fathers reply he carried on his way running by saying, If you have any questions, ask the nurse. Couldnt he wait some minutes so that I can ask about my sons state？shouted t

27、he father when seeing the nurse minutes after the doctor left. The nurse answered, tears coming down her face, His son died yesterday in a road accident. He was at the burial （葬礼） when we called him for your sons surgery. And now that he saved your sons life, he left running to finish his sons buria

28、l.（1）What did the doctor do after he received the call for the surgery? A. He asked another doctor to do his duty.B. He went to the hospital as soon as possible.C. He discussed the boys state with the father.D. He waited until his sons burial was finished.（2）The father shouted at the doctor because

29、he thought . A. he had waited too long B. no one cared for his sonC. the doctor was cold to him D. the surgery took a long time（3）Who told the truth to the father in the end？A. The doctor. B. The nurse. C. His son. D. A patient.（4）What is the best title for the text？A. Seeing is believing B. Time wa

30、its for no manC. Practice makes perfect D. Think before you decide【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】 【分析】本文讲述一个医生被医院招回来救一个孩子，他的父亲误解医生冷血，做完手术后这个父亲才明白原来医生刚刚在车祸中失去了儿子，告诉我们，宽容待人，不要武断。（1）细节题。根据 A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

31、 - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - important surgery 一位医生在被叫去做一个重要的手术后匆忙进入医院可知，医生接到手术电话后他尽快去了医院，故选B。（2）推理题。根据 the father cried out, Why did you take all this time to come 父亲喊道，“ 你为什么花这么长时间来？，可知父亲对医生大喊大叫，因为他认为他等得太久了，故选 A。（3）推理题。根据The nurse answered, tears coming down her face

32、护士泪流满面的告诉他.，可知护士最后告诉了父亲真相，故选B。（ 4）主旨题。根据本文讲述一个医生被医院招回来救一个孩子，他的父亲误解医生冷血，做完手术后这个父亲才明白原来医生刚刚在车祸中失去了儿子，告诉我们，宽容待人，不要武断，可知 Think before you decide 适合做标题，故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。4阅读理解 Want to enjoy some extreme sports（极限运动） ? Here are a small

33、number of the extreme sport clubs across universities in the UK.Octopush（水中曲棍球）Oxford, York. Aberdeen and Warwick are only some of the universities that offer this rather unusual sport. Anyone who is able to swim can play. It is played by two teams of six players. Everyone wears a mask and carries a

34、 small wooden stick.Skiing and snowboardingNearly every university in the UK has a skiing and snowboarding club. For example, Brumski 8. Board Club of Birmingham University has run for 30 years and has about 500 members. They hold Christmas and Easter ski trips every year and take part in competitio

35、ns.SkateboardingWarwick University is home to the Longboarding Club. A longboard is two or three feet longer than a usual skateboard and has a wider wheel base. Instead of offering club T-shirts, the Longboarding Club lets members have their personal socks.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - -

36、- - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - BASE jumpingThe University of Lincoln offers BASE jumping. In BASE jumping, players jump from fixed objects and use a parachute（降落伞） to break their fall. They go on weekly trips to Skydive Hibaldstow.（ 1 ） If a student wants to take p

37、art in Octopush, he or she should be able to _. A. ski B. swim C. skate D. skydive（2）How many members are there in Brumski &. Board Club? A. About 30. B. About 300. C. About 50. D. About 500.（3）A usual skateboard is _than a longboard. A. shorter B. longer C. wider D. bigger（4）Which university offers

38、 BASE jumping? A. Oxford. B. York. C. Lincoln. D. Warwick.（5）According to the passage, which of the following is the most common sport in UK universities? A. Octopush. B. Snowboarding. C. Skateboarding. D. BASE jumping.【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C（5）B 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍了英国各大学的少数极限运动俱乐部。（1）细节题。根据水中曲棍球的介绍 Anyone

39、who is able to swim can play可知如果一个学生想参加水中曲棍球，他或她应该会游泳，故选B。（2）细节题。根据 Brumski 8. Board Club of Birmingham University has run for 30 years and has about 500 members 布鲁姆斯基8 和伯明翰大学董事会俱乐部已经运作了30 年，可知大约有 500 名成员，故选D。（3）推理题。根据 A longboard is two or three feet longer than a usual skateboard 长板比普通滑板长两到三英尺可知普通

40、的滑板比长板短，故选A。（4）细节题。根据The University of Lincoln offers BASE jumping 可知 Lincoln 提供基础跳跃，故选C。（5）推理题。根据They hold Christmas and Easter ski trips every year and take part in competitions他们每年都举行圣诞节和复活节滑雪旅行，并参加比赛可知 滑雪板运动是英国大学最常见的运动， 故选 B。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。5阅读理解名师资料总结 -

41、- -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - Many of us dont pay much attention to the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care. Nat

42、ural eye care should be put in the first place. There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not eating enough food, genes（基因）and. aging（老化） . Televisions, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you happen to work in front of a computer, youd better take a br

43、eak every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and it will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example, sunglasses a

44、re not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays. Eating healthy food will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamins A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because they

45、protect your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly（定期地） and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time.All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes. Being happy all the time can be helpful to a persons eyesight, too. In a word,

46、 eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.（1）_ is the most important way to protect our eyes. A. Taking medicine B. Natural eye careC. Seeing the doctor D. Being happy all the time（2）All the flowing causes can lead to poor eyesight EXCEPT _. A. computers B. aging C. reading D. heigh

47、t（3）What should you do if you have to work in front of a computer according to the text? A. Have a rest after working for a while. B. Eat healthy food.C. Clean eyes by using cold water. D. Wear a pair of sunglasses.（4）The underlined phrase UV rays means _in Chinese. A. 闪电B. 沙尘C. 紫外线D. 超声波（5）What is

48、the best title for the text? A. Ways of doing eye exercises B. Ways of eye careC. Ways of being happy D. Ways of being healthy【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C（5）B 【解析】 【分析】主要讲了眼睛保健的方式。（1）细节题。根据Natural eye care should be put in the first place.可知自然眼部护理应该放在首位，是保护眼睛的最好的方法，故选B。（2）细节题。根据There are several causes lea

49、ding to poor eyesight like not eating enough 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - food, genes（基因） and. aging（老化） .可知有几种原因导致视力不好，比如不吃足够的食物、基因和衰老。没有height 身高，故选D。（3）细节题。根据If you happen to work in front of a computer, youd better t

50、ake a break every once in a while. 可知如果你碰巧在电脑前工作，最好偶尔休息一下。故选A。（4）推断题。根据sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays.可知太阳镜的作用是保护眼睛免受紫外线的伤害，所以UV rays的意思是紫外线，故选C。（5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了眼睛保健的方式，故选B。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找