2022年高考英语考前必看语法填空常见考点荟萃 .pdf

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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思高考英语考前必看语法填空常见考点荟萃名词1.特殊名词的复数:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, sheep-sheep, species- species, stomach-stomachs,deer-deer, goose-geese, ox-oxen, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, phenomenon-phenomena, means-means, series-series, crisis-cri

2、ses, basis-bases, German-Germans, Australian-Australians, 2.不可数名词 :advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress, traffic, 3.可数不可数均可，但意思不同: arm 手臂 ,arms武器 ; good 好处 ,goods 货物 ; green 绿色 ,greens蔬菜 ; paper纸, papers论文 ; sand沙,sands沙滩 ; time 时间 ,

3、times 时代 ; water 水,waters 水域 ; wood 木材 ,woods 森林 ; work 工作 , works 著作 ; experience 经验 ,experiences经历 ; room 空间 , rooms 房间 ; exercise锻炼 ,exercises 练习 ; 4.只有复数形式的名词：trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings,scissors, glasses, wages工资； riches 财富； surroundings 环境； ashe

4、s灰尘； compasses圆规 ; 5.复数形式，单数意思的名词：plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics, 6.复合名词的复数形式:girl-friends, boy-students, women-teachers, men-workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups, 7.谓语动词用复数的名词: police, cattle, clothes, goods, 8.抽象名词具体化为可数名词：surprise, cold, pleasure, pity, failure, success, wo

5、rry, honor, must, difficulty, youth, beauty, wonder, danger, interest, 9.辅音字母 +o 结尾复数加 -es的名词： tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes, 10.变“ f”或“ fe”为“ v”之后再加 -es为复数形式的名词：wife-wives, life-lives, knife-knives, wolf-wolves, self-selves, leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves, thief- thieves, 11.特殊注意的名词: pe

6、ople (民族 ,人); nature (自然 ,特性 )；man(男人 ,人类 )，youth (年轻人 ,青年男子 ,青春 ) 12.特殊注意的搭配: congratulations 祝贺 ; have words with sb. 同某人吵架 ; in high spirits以很高热情地 ; give one s regards to sb.向某人问侯 ; in rags 衣衫破烂 ; It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事 ; 冠词1. 序数词前用不定冠词则表示“又一，再一”之意如： read a second time 再读一遍。2.“a firs

7、t”可表示“第一名、冠军”之意如： He often gets a first in maths. 他数学经常得第一。3. such, what, quite, rather, half+不定冠词 +形容词 +名词如：such a nice film 这样好的电影。4. as, so, too, how, however+ 形容词 +不定冠词 +名词 如： so short a time.如此短的时间。5. half, twice, three times +the+名词如： twice the price 双倍的代价。6. all, both, double +the+名词 如： all t

8、he students 我们班所有的学生。7. the 与比较级连用，表示二者当中更突出的一个如： the taller of the two girls 更高的这个女孩。8. 在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同in hospital (因病 )住院 , in the hospital 在医院 (工作、参观等 )；by sea 乘船 , by the sea 在海边 ;in charge of 负责 , in the charge of 由负责；by day 在白天 , by the day 按日计算 ; out of question 没问题 , out of the question 不可能

9、; a number of 许多；好些 , the number of (的)数目 ;in a way 有一点 ,in the way 挡着去路 ; next week 下周 ;the next week 第二周不规则动burst-burst-burst-bursting; hurt-hurt-hurt-hurting; hit-hit-hit-hitting; spread-spread-spread-spreading; shut-shut-shut-shutting; beat-beat-beaten-beating;run-ran-run-running; swim-swam- swu

10、m- swimming; deal-dealt-dealt-dealing; set-set-set-setting; hear-heard-heard-hearing; lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)-lying; hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung-hanging;mean-meant-meant-meaning; bend-bent-bent-bending; show-showed-showed/shown-showing; build-built-built-building; lend-lent-lent-lending; spend-spe

11、nt-spent-spending; bring-brought-brought-bringing; fight-fought-fought-fighting; feed-fed-fed-feeding; seek-sought-sought-seeking; catch-caught-caught-catching; dig-dug-dug-digging; teach-taught-taught-teaching; flee-fled-fled-fleeing;hold-held-held-holding; lead-led-led-leading; meet-met-met-meetin

12、g; say-said-said-saying; shoot-shot-shot-shooting; stick-stuck-stuck-sticking; win-won-won-winning; feel-felt-felt-feeling; keep-kept-kept-keeping; leave-left-left-leaving; lay-laid-laid-laying; sweep-swept-swept-sweeping; pay-paid-paid-paying; stand-stood-stood-standing; lose-lost-lost-losing; wind

13、-wound-wound-winding; sell-sold-sold-selling; blow-blew-blown-blowing; drive-drove-driven-driving; draw-drew-drawn-drawing; 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思词eat-ate-eaten-eating; fall-fell-fallen-falling; grow-grew-grown-growing; throw-threw-thrown-throwing

14、; forgive-forgot-forgiven-forgiving; know-knew-known-knowing; forbid-forbad/forbade-forbidden-forbidding;ride-rode-ridden-riding; sew-sewed-sewn-sewing; shake-shook-shaken-shaking; bite-bit-bitten-biting; write-wrote-written-writing; break-broke-broken-breaking; hide-hid-hidden-hiding; tear-tore-tor

15、n-tearing; forget-forgot-forgotten-forgetting; freeze-froze-frozen-freezing; go-went-gone-going; steal-stole-stolen-stealing; choose-chose-chosen-choosing; begin-began-begun-beginning;bear-bore-born/borne-bearing; fly-flew-flown-flying;wear-wore-worn-wearing; weave-wove- woven- weaving; picnic-picni

16、cked- picnicked-picnicking;形容词1.不规则形容词与副词：far, late, old, bad, ill, many, much, good, well, little, 2.只修饰可数名词的有：few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of3.只修饰不可数名词的有：little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of 4.可数不可数都可修饰的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quant

17、ity of, large quantities of, 5.be very important= be of great importance 6.只作表语的形容词：abroad国外的 , afraid 害怕的 , ahead向前的 , alike 相似的 , alive 在世的 , asleep睡着的 , awake醒着的 , fond 喜欢的 , 7.习惯后置的形容词: enough 充足的 , included 包括的 , present 出席的 , left 剩下的 , involved 有关的 , abroad国外的 , afraid 害怕的 , ahead向前的 ,alike 相

18、似的 ,alive 在世的 ,asleep睡着的 , awake醒着的 , deep深的 , long 长的 , high 高的, thick 厚的 , old 老的 , thin 薄的 , wide 宽的 , narrow 窄的 , junior 年少的 , senior 年长的 , 动词和动词短语1.加-ed或-ing 要双写最后一个字母的动词regret 后悔； control 控制； admit 承认； occur 出现； prefer 宁愿； refer 提到； forget 忘记； permit 允许； equip 装备 ; skip 跳绳 ; trip 绊倒 ; travel 旅

19、游; plan 计划 ; stop 停止 ; beg 乞讨 ; 2.常见可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的动词accuse控告 ,指责 ; cheat 骗取 ; cure治好 ; inform 通知 ; remind 使某人想起 ; rid 使某人摆脱 ; rob 抢劫 ; warn 警告 ; convince 使某人信服 ; 3.常见可用于“动词+sb.+for doing sth.”的动词blame 指责 ; criticize 批评; forgive 原谅 ; excuse原谅某人 ; pardon 原谅某人 ; punish 惩罚 ; scold 指责 ; thank 感谢 ;

20、4.常见可用于“动词+sb.+into doing sth.”的动词cheat欺骗 ; trick 哄骗 ; fool 愚弄 ; force 迫使 ; argue 说服 ; talk 劝服 ; terrify 威胁 ; frighten 吓唬 ; persuade说服 ; 5.常见容易误用作及物动词的不及物动词deal with a problem 处理问题 ; depend on sb.依靠某人 ; insist on doing sth.坚持做 ; knock on /at the door 敲门 ; operate on sb.为某人做手术 ; participate in sth. 参

21、加某事 ; refer to sth.查阅某物 ; reply to a letter 回信 ; rely on sb./sth.依靠某人 /某物 ; 6.可用作系动词的动词act 举动像 ; appear显得 ; be是; become变成 ; blow 风吹 ; break 突变 ; continue 连续 ; fall 来临 ; feel 觉得 ; fly 飘扬 ; get 变得; go 达到 ; grow 逐渐变得 ; keep连续 ; lie 位于 ; look 看起来 ; make 开始 ; play 上演 ; prove 证明; rank 列为 ; remain 依然 ; run

22、 运转 ; seem似乎 ; set 落沉 ; smell 闻起来 ; sound 听起来 ; stand 矗立 ; stay 坚持 ; taste 尝起来 ; turn 转变 ; wax 增大 ; wear 穿着 ; work 运作 ; 7. 习惯接过去分词作宾补的动词(动词 +sb./sth.+ done) have让, hear 听到, see看见 , watch 观察 , leave 留下 , make 使得 , feel 感觉 , find 发现 , get 使得 , acknowledge 承认 , bear 忍受 , declare 宣称 , desire渴望 , fancy 设

23、想, imagine 想象 , keep保持 , need 需要, notice 注意 , want 想要 , 8.习惯接 sb./sth.+from+动名词的动词ban 禁止 , bar 阻拦 , discourage 劝阻 , excuse免除 , hold 控制 , keep保持 , prevent 防止 , prohibit 禁止 , protect 保护 , save挽救 , stop 中止 , 9.习惯接动名词作宾语的动词acknowledge 承认 ,自认 ; admit 承认 ; dislike 不喜欢 ,讨厌 ; complete 完成 ; appreciate感激 ,欣赏

24、; avoid 避免 ; enjoy 享有 ,喜爱 ; bear忍受 ; delay 延迟 ; escape逃跑 ,逃避; deny 否认 ; consider 考虑; fancy 幻想 ,爱好 ; mind 介意 ; finish 完成 ,结束 ; resist 抵抗 ,阻止 ; permit 允许 ; imagine 设想 ; risk 冒险 ; practise 实行 ,实践 ; save营救 ,储蓄 ; prevent 阻止 ; keep 保持 ; quit 放弃 ,停止 ; suggest建议 ; 10.习惯接同源宾语的动词bow 鞠躬 , cough 咳嗽 , dance跳舞 ,

25、die 死, dream梦, fight 战斗 , laugh 笑, look 看, live 生活 , run 运行 , say说, sigh 叹息 , sleep 睡, smell 闻, smile 微笑 , talk 谈, 11. 习惯接形容词作宾补的动词bake 烤, beat 击败 , boil 煮, burn 烧伤 , colour 把涂色 , consider 考虑 , count 计数 , cut 削减 , drink 喝, drive 驱动, eat 吃, fill 填写 , find 找到 , get 得到 , hammer 锤打 , hold 持续 , keep保持 ,

26、lay 躺, leave 留下 , let 让, like 愿意 , make使, paint 油漆 , prove 证明 , put 放置 , see看到 , set凝固 , sleep睡眠 , talk 谈, think 认为 , turn 转, wash洗, wipe擦, wish 祝, 12.习惯接 that 从句 (虚拟语气should+do)的动词advocate提倡 , advise 建议 , appoint 任命 , arrange安排 , ask请求 , command 命令 , decide决定 , demand 需求 , desire 渴望 , determine决定 ,

27、 direct 指挥 , insist 坚持 , instruct 指导 , intend 意愿 , move感动 , object 反对 ,order 命令 , pray 恳求 , prefer 喜欢 , recommend 推荐 , require 要求 , request请求 , suggest建议 , urge 敦促 , vote 提议 , 13.动作与结果不同的动词advise, persuade(劝说 ); look for, find( 发现 ); look at, see(看); listen to, hear(听); tear at, tear(撕); try, manage

28、(尽力 ); treat, cure(治疗 ); shoot at, shoot(射击 ); prepare for, prepare(准备 ); 14.主观与客观不同的动词。receive , accept(接收 ); must, have to(必须 ); can, be able to(能够 ); 15.直接与间接不同的动词。hear, hear ofabout; know, know of/about; learn, learn of/about; 16.不用于进行时态的动词adore 崇拜, appear出现 , believe 相信 , belong 属于 , consist 包括

29、 , exist 存在 , feel 感觉 , find 找到 , forget 忘记 , hate 恨, hear 听到 , hold 持有 , know 知道 , lack 缺乏 , lie 位于 , like 像, love 爱, matter 要紧 , mean意思 , 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思measure测量 , mind 介意 , notice 留心 , owe 欠, own 拥有 , possess持有 , remember记得 , see看, seem

30、似乎 , smell 闻, think 认为 , understand理解 , value 重视 , want 想要 , weigh 衡量 , wish 祝愿 , 17.进行时态的主动形式表示被动意义的动词bake 烤, build 建立 , cook 烹调 , copy 复制 , do 做, fill 填写 , print 打印 , roast 烤, sell 出售 , work out 解决 , 18.非进行时态的主动形式表示被动意义的动词add up 加起来 , act 行为 , break 打破 , blow 吹, button 按钮 , burn 烧伤 , cut 切, catch

31、赶上 , close 关闭 , clean 清洁 , drive 驱动 , draw 画, fill 填写 , keep保持 , iron 熨衣 , let 出租 , lock 锁, open开, pack 包, peel削, read读, split 分裂 , spoil 溺爱 , tear撕裂 , wash 洗, 19.其后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义的动词bear 忍受 , deserve应受 , need需要, require 要求 , stand 抵抗 , want 想要 , 20.可否定转移的动词believe 相信 , expect 期望, fancy 幻想 , imagine

32、 想象 , reckon 估计 , think 思考 , suppose假设 , 21.常见接动词原形作宾补的动词feel 感觉 ; have使某人做 ; hear 听见 ; let 让某人 ; listen to 听着某人 ; look at 看着某人 ; make 使某人 ; notice 注意 ; observe观察某人 ; see看见 ; watch 观察 ; 22.常见接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的动词forget 忘记 ; mean 打算 ,意味着 ; remember 记住 ; regret 后悔 ; try 设法 ,试试 ; stop 停下来 ; cant help 不能帮助

33、 ,禁不住 ; go on 接着做 ,继续做 ; 非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的各种形式：2.非谓语动词的否定形式: 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing, 3.非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth. 动名词复合结构：代词宾格或名词所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时 ,用代词主格或名词所有格doing) 分词独立结构：代词主格或名词+doing /done(句中作状语表时间、原因、伴随、让步、方式等) 4.非谓语动词的做题步骤(1)判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看

34、句子中是否已有了谓语动词; (2)找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语; (3)判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系; (4)判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前且表被动关系常用done; 之后且表主动关系常用to do; 同时且表主动关系常用doing. 5.不定式符号to 的保留问题有时为了避免重复， 可以用 to 来代替前面的不定式， 这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try

35、；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有： be, have, have been ，这些词要保留。如： I haven t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. Are you on holiday ? No, but I d like to be. I didn t tell him the news. Oh, you ought to have. 6.在 there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动

36、形式。如： There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work.) There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done.) 注意 :下面两个句子的含义的不同There is nothing to do. ( 无事可做，感到十分乏味。) There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。) 7.动名词作主语动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。It is / was no use / good +

37、doing sth. It is / was not any use / good + doing sth. It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. 如： It is / was useless 如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。注意 :若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致如： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.眼见为实。8.注意以下表达的意义区别：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 , fallen leaves 已

38、经落下的树叶; boiling water沸腾的水 ,boiled water 烧开过的水 ; developing countries 发展中国家 , developed countries 发达国家 ; an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音,an excited voice 兴奋的声音 ; a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情, a puzzled look 困惑的表情 ; 一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have done to be doing被动to be doneto have been done to have been doinging

39、形式主动doinghaving done 被动being donehaving been done 过去分词被动done精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思9.分词作状语分词作状语时 ,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。如： Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间 ) Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间 ) Havin

40、g been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. ( 原因 ) Given a chance, I can surprise the world. ( 条件 ) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. ( 结果 ) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. ( 让步 ) The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴

41、随状况 ) 10.独立成分有些分词短语 ,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有,Generally speaking 一般说来 ; Frankly speaking 坦白地说 ; Judging from 根据来判断; Considering 考虑到 ; To tell you the truth 说实话 ; 11.不定式作表语在 seem / appear (似乎 ,好像 ), prove/ turn out ( 被证明是 ), remain ( 仍然是 ,尚待 )等连系动词后 ,可用不定式作表语。如： He seemed (to be ) very happy. 12.动词

42、不定式在介词but, other than 后面时 ,如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式 ,那么介词后的不定式不带 to, 否则就要带to。另外在 can t choose but, can t help but, can t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如: We could do nothing but / other than wait. We have no choice but to wait. I can t choose but laugh.时态和语态1.常考动词时态：(1)三个一般：一般现在时、一般过去式、一般将来时；(2)三个现在：现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进

43、行时；(3)三个过去：过去进行时、过去完成时，过去完成进行时。2.现在进行时与频度副词always, all the time, forever, constantly, continuously等词连用， 往往表赞扬、 埋怨、气愤或厌恶等情绪。He is always thinking of his study.( 称赞 )He is always making the same mistakes.(批评 ) 3.某些表动向和起始的动词begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, dine, end, stop, depart, o

44、pen, close, sail等，当其表一个按计划、安排下必将进行的动作或出现的状态时(这时都有一个表示未来的时间状语)要用一般现在时代替将来时。I leave for Dalian next Sunday. 4.在时间、真实条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，(有时也用现在进行时代替一般将来时，显得更确定 )。When he comes back, well go shopping together. 5.不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的动词last,hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit,j

45、oin,mean,last,look like,consist of等不能用于被动语态中。(3)表示归属的动词如have, own, belong to 等不能用于被动语态之中。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词如wish,want, hope, like, love, hate 等不能用于被动语态之中。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等时，谓语动词不用被动语态。6.主动形式表被动意义(1)当 feel, look, smell, taste, sound,remain 等后面接形容词时。(2)当 break, burn, c

46、ook, cut, drive, eat, iron, keep, play, sell, last, open, shut, wear, wash, write, translate, print, run, read, operate 等词带状语修饰语well, easily, poorly 等时。(3)当动词 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, run 等表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。(4)当 break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out 等表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意

47、思时。(5)want, require, need,deserve后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。(6)be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。(7)在 “be+形容词 +to do” 中，(常用于此结构的形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, nice, bitter, fit, dangerous, light, heavy, important 等)不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。(8)某些不定式： to blame, to seek, to let, to rent 等与 be连用时The hous

48、e is to let.这房子要出租。(9)常见的不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语有：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。7.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况(1)be seated 坐着。如： He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a

49、bench.) 坐在凳子上。(2)be hidden 躲藏。如： He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.) 他藏在门后。(3)be lost 迷路。如： Unsaved changes will be lost. 未保存的更改将丢失。(4)be drunk 喝醉。如： He must be drunk, or else he is mad. 他准是醉了，不然就是疯了。(5)be dressed 穿着。如： The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. 那女孩穿着一条红色

50、的短裙。注意： be determined,be pleased,be graduated (from),be finished,be prepared (for),be occupied (in),get married 等都属于被动形式表示主动意义的情况。8.主动变被动时，宾补成主补，作补语的不定式前需用to。如: He was made to work all day long(by the boss) 9.短语动词变被动语态时，勿丢掉后面的介词。如： The children were taken good care of (by her). Your pronunciation an