2022年高中英语定语从句--知识点难点与考点解析 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载高中英语语法重点难点回顾定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词 （有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语 作用的句子叫作定语从句。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which that 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例 1：This is the detective who came from London. 例 2：The book which I am reading is

2、 written by Tomas Hardy. 例 3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例 4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词， 关系代词一般只用that，不用 which。例如：All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高

3、级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用 which, who ，或 whom。例如：(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. (4) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中， whi

4、ch 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that 可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。(6) which 可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which; 若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。

5、(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 关系代词应该用who 或 whom，不用which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?3 “ 介词关系代词“ 是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词关系代词“ 可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“ 介词

6、关系代词“ 结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom 或 which, 不可用that 。(2) from where 为“ 介词关系副词“ 结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. (3) 像 listen to, look at, depe

7、nd on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二、关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词when 在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why 充当原因状语。2. that 可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因That 有时可以代替关系副词when, where 或者 why 引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因， 在 that 引导的这种定语从句中， that

8、也可以省去。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词关系副词或that 来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that 引导。2关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：He was the only person in t

9、his country who was invited四、As 在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1）as多与 such 或 the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（2）as 也可单独使用，引导非The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：（3）the same that 与 the same as 在意思上是不同的。2 As 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，

10、但which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match. (2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone. 五、定语从句学习容易出错的几方面1、在定语从句中加了多余的或缺少宾语成分。Some of the boys I invited the didnt come. She told the wrongs had been done to her by the boss. 2、 把定语从句的主谓一致问

11、题。Those who has finished may go now.3、 当先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时，分不清关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载Is this the school where Mr. White visited last month? 4、 分不清限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。The naughty boy often knocked at the Wangs door, that made the family unhappy. 5、与

12、强调句混淆。It was in the afternoon when I saw him in the park. 应该为：It was in that afternoon that I saw him in the park.6、 忽视只能用that，不能用which 的情况。We should do all which is useful to the people. 典型高考英语陷阱题详解? 定语从句1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C.

13、which were D. them were 2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand? A. that B. which C. where D. what 3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 4. David

14、is such a good boy _ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 5. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. that B. it C. them D. which 6. He had thousands of students, many of _ gained great success in their own field. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 7.

15、 He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who、8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just shows how shal

16、low he is. A. as B. which C. what D. that 10. She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company. A. which B. when C. how D. where 答案： 1-5 C C B C D 6-10 A B A D A 解析：1. 【陷阱】容易误选A 或 B，将 A、B 中的which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains

17、 是一个由 介词 +which引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中， 主语是high mountains， around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were ， 而不是用单数was. 2. 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的

18、语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为在附近 ；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？3. 【陷阱】容易误选A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：_ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. Wh

19、at 此题答案选A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that 从句4. 【陷阱】此题容易误选A， 许多同学一看到题干中的such ， 再联系到选项中的that ， 便认为这是考查such . that .句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为C，不是 A，因为在 such . that . （如此 .以至 .）结构中， that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such . that .，句末的动词like 缺宾语。选C 的理由如下： as 用作关系代词， 用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy ，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词lik

20、e 的宾语，句意为 所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩 。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that. 比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him ：David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 5. 【陷阱】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses. 【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already

21、full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses 6. 【陷阱】容易误选B，用them 代指students. 【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of. 的前面加上连词and ，则选答案B。7. 【陷阱】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited 前加上助动词were ，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便

22、应选 A. 8.【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A.与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：（1）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. th

23、at选 B.whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语were seated. （2） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载A. their B. whose C. which D. that选 A.因为句中有并列连词

24、and ，整个句子为并列句。（3） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that选 A.their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。（4） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking. A. the

25、ir B. whose C. which D. that选 B.whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat. （5）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that选 B.whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语were

26、 sitting. 9.【陷阱】容易误选A 或 B，误这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。10. 【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when ，地点名词后用关系副词where. 【分析】正确答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或 that. 比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when ：She says that shell never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company. A. which B. when C. how D. where请再做一题Our company will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago. A. where B. when C. that D. which 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页