2022年高考英语题型分类专题复习-阅读理解 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载第一节阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。试题分析 A Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk

2、 about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. “ I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it? ” says Ballmer. “ There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music wa

3、s not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits. Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and

4、 drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parentchild activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue int0 adulthood. No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “ To my mother, my best friend.

5、”But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “ There s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon V alley College. “ In the middle of that ch

6、ange, there is a lot of confusion among parents. ”Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. “

7、 My parents were on the before side of that change, but today s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side,”explains Mr. Ballmer. “ It s not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more

8、fun to be a parent now. ”41. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _. A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation 42. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing? A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities. B. Parents put mor

9、e trust in their children s abilities. C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs. D. Parents share more interests with their children. 43. The change in today s parent-child relationship is _. A. more confusion among parents B. new equality between parents and children C.1ess respect for

10、 parents from children D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents 44. By saying “ today s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side.” the author means that today s parents _. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页学习必备欢迎下载A. follow the trend of the change B. ca

11、n set a limit to the change C. fail to take the change seriously D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change 45. The purpose of the passage is to _. A. describe the difficulties today s parents have met with B. discuss the development of the parent child relationship C. suggest the ways to han

12、dle the parent child relationship D. compare today s parentchild relationship with that in the past 文章导读 代沟是个社会热点话题，文章比较了现在和过去父母与孩子之间关系的差异，指出两者的代沟在逐渐缩小， 不过依然存在， 同时指出现在父母和孩子的平等关系也会产生负面影响，如子女对父母的不尊重等；答案解析 41C 词义推测题：由上文(特别是 gap)和下句 (特别是 separate orbits)可知，上几代的父母与孩子之间不仅是在音乐爱好方面有“差异”，而且从发型、衣着，到活动、期望等各方面，

13、差异都很大。最大的干扰项是distance，文章的确提到distant relationship ，但关系还没有到不同路的地步：42 D归纳判断题，由第1 段首句 dress alike1isten to the same music 以及 talk about interests both enjoy 等可知，父母与孩子有更多的共同兴趣，表明代沟在渐渐消失：选项A、B、C 都属于 share interests的范畴， D 项包括后三项，是最全面的概括：43B细节理解题；第6 段第 l 句中的 the new equality 就是上文所说的父母与孩子关系的变化：最大干扰项是A 和 C，如考

14、生缺乏升华概括能力的话，就容易误选，不管是孩子对父母缺少尊重还是父母间产生更多的迷惑，都是这种新型的平等关系所产生的“结果”，这里问的是变化是什么，而不是变化的结果是什么：44A. 细节理解题：结合上一段可知，todays parents 就是 60 年代后的父母，他们与孩子有更多的交流，更加民主，他们应当是顺应这种变化趋势的：45B推断写作目的，由全文内容，特别是由the generation gap has not disappeared，but“it is getting narrow 等关键词句可知，本文主要是讨论父母与孩子之间的关系的发展过程。B Sometimes you ll h

15、ear people say that you can t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you ll hear people say that you can t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we re the apple of our parents eyes,

16、 and that our Grandmas think we re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. but sometimes it s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge. it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to lo

17、ve yourself. Self-image is your own mind s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about US. Unfortunately, most of these images are more n

18、egative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the gre

19、at things you do every day. Don t allow doubts to occur in it. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页学习必备欢迎下载It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can t movepast one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeve

20、s and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you re silly because you aren t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you re weak because you can t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you re dull because you don t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But

21、 remember, just because you think it doesn t mean it s true. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go

22、 a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat(拍) yourself on the back, you ll know you re well on your way. Good luck! 46. You need to build a positive self-image when you _. A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself D.

23、 have a high opinion of yourself 47. According to the passage, our serf-images _. A. have positive effects B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable D. have different functions 48. How should you change your serf-image according to the passage? A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make

24、 your life successful. C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you think. 49. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to prepare for your success. B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities. 50. Who are the inte

25、nded readers of the passage? A. Parents. B. Adolescents. C. Educators. D. People in general. 文章导读 构建积极的自我形象是进一步增强自信、关爱自己的有效途径之一：文章叙述了建立积极的自我形象的内容、途径和消除消极自我形象的意义：答案解析 46 C. 细节理解题。 本题题眼在第l 段最后一句： 关键是理解If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge ， “当你觉得自信是一种挑战时”，也就是“当你不够自信时”：47. B细节理解题； 由第 2

26、段中的 Interestingly ，our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us，第 4 段最后一句But remember，just because you think it doesnt mean its true 和第 5 段第 l 句 The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far more objective ，and to actively con

27、vince yourself of your positive qualities可知，很多时候自我形象是不真实的。48D细节理解题。 由第 2 段最后一句Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world和文章倒数第2 句 Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a

28、 positive self-image 可知。49C主旨大意题：第l 段最后一句中有build a positive self-image ，第 3 段首句的the best way to defeat a passive self-image is to.，最后一段的首句The best way to get rid of a 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页学习必备欢迎下载negative self-image is to. 都是说明如何构建自我形象的，50 B 推理判断题： 由第 l 段第 4 句中 we

29、re the apple of our parents eyes.， our Grandmas think were 等可知，本文应当是写给青少年阅读的：C Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “ fat little hands. Nor does he “ sit well or firmly on the horse. He is said to be “ undersized.with “ short legsand a “ round st

30、omach” . The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy s description-it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little French

31、man. Tolstoy s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose and that is the point. It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book T

32、hree of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇 ), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry ：doesn t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army

33、is stopped. “ That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!”he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “ walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly. Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Rus

34、sian to dinner. “ He raised his hand to the Russian sface,” Tolstoy writes, and “ taking him by the ear pulled it gently .” To have one s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “ Well, well, why don t you say anything? said he, as if it was

35、 ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon. Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own. 51. Tolstoy s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is _. A. far from the historical facts B. based on the Russian history C. based on his selection of facts D. not rela

36、ted to historical details 52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _. A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms B. the Tsars peace terms were hard to accept C. the Russians stopped his military movement D. he didn t have any more army to fight with 53

37、. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do? A. To walk out of the room in anger. B. To show agreement with him. C. To say something about the Tsar. D. To express his admiration. 54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _. A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guest

38、s B. fond of showing off his iron will C. determined in destroying all of Europe D. crazy for power and respect 55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? A. A writer doesn t have to be faithful to his findings. B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way. C. A writer may not be res

39、ponsible for what he writes. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页学习必备欢迎下载D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings. 文章导读 小说战争与和平 中对拿破仑的描述与历史上的人物形象有一定的差异，作者托尔斯泰以历史研究为基础， 用自己的方式对其进行了一定的艺术加工和提炼51 C 细节理解题。由第 1 段第 4 句 The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoys descr

40、iption-it seems not that far off from historical accounts-but his choice of facts.可知：作者以选择事实为依据，写出了自己笔下的拿破仑形象：关键句式not but (不是而是)，关键词是该句中的 choice 与选项中的selection 同义：答案解析 52A. 细节理解题：由第2 段中的 He. not the Tsar，is the one to make the terms 可知：拿破仑很自负，也说明了他的狂妄自大：53 D 推理判断题： 由文章第3段 To have ones ear pulled by

41、the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court 可推知，他认为他轻轻地拉了拉沙皇代表的耳朵， 沙皇代表应当感到最大的光荣和受宠；由后一句 “ Well，well ， why dont you say anything?可推断，他是希望沙皇代表赞美他、仰慕他：54D推理判断题；第2 段第 l 句“小说家通过精选某些事实来描写某一人物是表现人物的道德本性的一种手法”，托尔斯泰用会见沙皇这件事来说明拿破仑是一个权利欲很强的人，特别期望别人对他的尊重。55A. 推断隐含意义。历史上的

42、拿破仑和托尔斯泰笔下的拿破仑有很大的出入，整篇文章也证明了作家可以根据历史事实创作，但又不必完全忠实于自己对事实的发现，即作者可根据需要进行一定的提炼把人物丑化或美化。解题思路 1 考生做题时， 应在文章中确定几个名词为中心词，如 A 篇可以找到interests， generation gap，relationship 等为该篇的中心词，B 篇的中心词为self-image， challenge 等，C 篇的中心词为description，character 等；然后分析题目考什么(推理、主旨、细节、猜词)，在题干中划出关键词 (如 42 题的关键词为generation gap， disa

43、ppearing，43 题的关键词为change，relationship) ，带着关键词在原文中快速找原信息句，用排除法确定准确答案：220XX年很多考生反映读懂了文章却不知道选哪一个，其原因之一是不熟悉相关的命题规律， 理不清解题思路。除考查语篇的基本信息外，设置什么样的干扰项也决定着阅读理解的难度。 通常情况下， 正确选项与干扰项之间有以下三种不同的关系，考生要学会分析：1)干扰项与文章内容相矛盾，正确选项与干扰项为正与误的关系。如43 题，虽然干扰项的描述都能从文章找到相同的字眼，但A 项和 D 项出现在同一段和同一个人话中，描述的是： 父母亲对孩子仍然很严格并具有权威性，但有一个变化

44、，在这个变化中间，父母产生了很多困惑， C 项是指这种新的平等造成孩子不太尊重父母了，而不是说现在父母和孩子关系变化的内容，故干扰项都是错误的：还有5l 题和 52 题，各干扰项与正确答案的信息句意思不符。2)干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在文章中没有相关支持信息，正确选项与干扰项之间为实与虚的关系。如：44 题、 47 题、 48 题，每个干扰项虽然都有可能正确，但在文中却找不到相关的支撑点。考生做此类题时，切忌从文章以外去寻找支持信息，把自己的、 某些权威人士的或常识性的观点作为选择的依据。3)干扰项不仅与文章内容相符。而且在文中可以找到相关的信息支持点，其之所以错误，是因为在某种程度上偏离了

45、题目要求，这时干扰项与答案之间为正与偏的关系：其具体表现经常是合理与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位：不合理关联就是把文章的深层或表层信息错误地联系在一起：如 55 题最大干扰项是B，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页学习必备欢迎下载因为有的考生会受到“，but the composition is his own ”影响而误选B在这类题目中，答案所揭示的合理关系多为隐含的：不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的深层或表层信息，具体表现为涵盖过宽或过窄以及视觉错位：如A 篇的 45 题干扰项A

46、、C、D 涵盖过窄：阅读理解题的干扰项可分为三种类型：与文字中内容相矛盾称之为“误”；在文中没有信息支持点称之为“虚”；不能完全符合题目的要求称之为“偏”：通常情况下， “误”类干扰项错误较明显也较易辨别；而“偏”类的干扰项比较难鉴别。为了能迅速准确地排除干扰项并选准答案，考生答题时应按照“误否?虚否 ?偏否 ?”的三级思考程序来分析鉴别每一个选项， 即先看与文中内容是否相矛盾。再看在文中有没有信息支持点，最后看能不能完全符合题目的要求。经过一级思考即可定论的干扰项，勿须再过多考虑；而经过三级思考仍不能排除的选项，往往就是正确答案。五、实战演练阅读理解专题练习第 1 篇阅读下列短文，从每题所给

47、的A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数： 365 完成时间： 7 分钟难度： * Youre in a bit of a dilemma standing in front of the produce section of your local supermarket. In one hand, youre holding a conventionally grown Granny Smith apple. In your other hand, you have one thats been organically grown. Both apples ar

48、e firm, shiny and green. Both provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol. The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite. But the organic apple has a label that says USDA Organic. Does that mean its better? Safer? More nutritious? Several

49、differences between organic and non-organic foods exist. Become a better informed consumer for your next trip to the supermarket. hConventional vs organic farming The word organic refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products and

50、 meat. Organic fainting practices are designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution. Farmers who grow organic produce and meat dont use conventional methods to fertilize, control weeds or prevent livestock disease. Here are other differences between conventional farming and