2022年2022年科技英语分类表达 .pdf

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1、科技英语分类表达常见的省略句型1.前已讨论As already discussed 2.如前所述As described above /as above 3.前已解释As explained before / as before 4.如图 1 所示As indicated in Fig. 1 5.前已述及As previously mentioned 6.在可能的情况下Where possible 7.如果可能的话If possible 8.倘若如此if so 9.必要时When (if) necessary 10.需要时when needed 11.在实际可行的场合Where feasibl

2、e 某些被动句型的翻译：1.It is asserted that 有人主张。 。2.It is suggested that 有人建议。 。3.It is stressed that 有人强调说。 。 。4.It is generally considered that 大家认为。 。5.It is told that 有人曾经说。 。 。6.It is well known that 众所周知。 。7.It is hoped that 希望。 。 。8.It is supposed that 据推测。 。9.It is said that 据说。 。 。10.It must be admi

3、tted that 必须承认。 。11.It must be pointed out that 必须指出。 。12.It will be seen from this that 由此可见。 。常见的含有否定意义的词组：1.but for 如果没有2.free from 没有，免予3.short of 缺少4.in vain 无效，徒劳5.make light of 不把。 。 。当一回事6.in the dark 一点不知道7.safe from 免予8.far from 远非，一点也不9.but that 要不是，若非10.fail to 没有表示成倍减少的含义：1.reduce by N

4、times 2.reduce N times 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 3.reduce to N times 4.N-fold reduction 5.reduce N times as much (many) as 6.reduce by a factor of N 7.reduce N-fold 8.N-times less than 对于以上结构，均可译成“减少了（ N-1）/N”或 “减少到原来

5、的1/N”表示不确定数量的词和短语：1.circa 2.about 3.around 4.some 5.nearly 6.roughly 7.approximately 8.or so 9.more or less 10.in the vicinity of 11.in the neighborhood of 12.a matter of 13.of the order of 以上表达可译为：大约。 。 ； 接近。 。 。 ； 。 。 。上下；。 。 。左右。1.teens of 十几（13-19）2.tens of 几十3.decades of 几十4.dozens of 几打5.score

6、s of 几十（多于 40）6.hundreds of 几百7.thousands of 几千定义解释常见语句结构1.Define to be2.is defined as3.is called 4.is said to be5.is 6.means 7.signifies 8.is considered to be 9.is taken to be 10.refers to 表示分类的语句结构：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 10 页 - - - - -

7、 - - - - 1.There are N types of 2.There are N kinds (varieties) of 3.There are N classes of 4.There are N sorts of5.may(might/can) be classified/divided/into/categorized/grouped 6.There are, the first, the second, 7.differs (is different) from 表示比较的语句结构“比。 。 。好，优于”1.(be) superior to2.(be) in advance

8、 of3.(have) superiority over 4.(have) advantages over5.“ 与。 。 。相同 ” the same as / identical with (to) 6.“ 与。 。 。基本相同 ” much the same as7.“ 与。 。 。完全相同 ” quite the same as8.“ 与。 。 。明显不同 ” be in sharp contrast to 9.“ 与。 。 。相反 ” as contrasted to /as opposed to / in opposition to / opposite to. “比。 。 。差，

9、不如”1. be inferior to 2.be nothing to“比得上，与。 。 。相比”1. stand comparison to2.be equal to3.be comparable to“ 相对于；与。 。 。相比；对比起来“1.with respect to 2.as against 3.in comparison to 4.as compared to pared to (with) 6.by the side of 7.in contract to 8.in contract 9.by contract 对方法及方式的描述语句：“使用，采用（某方法）”1.by mea

10、ns of 2.by 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 3.with (by) the aid of 4.by virtue of 5.in terms of 6.by the use of 7.using 8.用数学方法mathematically 9.理论上theoretically 10.用统计法statistically 11.用经验方法empirically 12.用实验方法experimentally

11、 13.以某种方法（式）one way or another / by some means or other 14.以类似方法in a similar way 15.以各种方法in all manner of ways 16.以基本相同的方法in much the same way 17.以常用方法in a regular manner / in the usual manner 18.在某种意义上in a sense 19.在各种意义上in all sense/ in every sense 20.在同样意义上in the same sense 21.在这个意义上in this sense

12、 22.狭义上in a narrow sense 23.广义上in a broad sense 24.不间断地without break (intermission) 25.间断地intermittently/with intermittence 26.持续不断地on and on/continuously 27.断续地in fits and starts/ on and off 28.与。 。 。结合in combination (conjunction) with 29.孤立地in isolation 30.独立地independently 31.已离散的方式in a discrete f

13、ashion 32.以类似的方式in an analogous manner 33.仿效，仿照after the manner (pattern, fashion) of 34.按时间顺序in chronological order 35.以递降（升）顺序in descending (ascending) order 36.顺时针地clockwise/in a clockwise sense 37.逆时针地counterclockwise / in a counterclockwise sense 38.成群地in groups 39.成直线地in a line 40.成对地in pairs

14、41.成排地in rows 42.成圆圈地in a circle 43.上端朝下upside down 44.下端朝上downside up 45.里面朝外inside out 46.外面朝里outside in 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 47.正面朝上the right side up 48.间断地intermittently / with intermittence 49.无间断地without br

15、eak / without intermission 50.持续不断地continuously / on and on 51.断续地in fits and starts / on and off / off and on “ 显著的“（用作定语或表语）Pronounced, appreciable, noticeable, conspicuous, considerable, remarkable, marked, significant, substantial “显著地 /远。 。 。得多”（作状语）Significantly, substantially, considerably, a

16、 great deal, much, a lot, far ，negligibly “稍微”（作定语或状语）A little, a bit, somewhat, slightly, more or less, in a small degree, in some degree, in some way “稍微有点”a little too / to a certain extent / to some extent 大小1.主要地predominantly, mainly 2.在较小程度上to a less （slight）degree (extent) 3.在较大程度上in a greate

17、r degree 4.在很大程度上in a considerable degree 5.在很高程度上to a high degree 6.在某种程度上to a certain degree / in some degree 粗细1.笼统地at large 2.详细地in detail / in full length / to the full / in full / at length / at full length 3.更为详细地in a more detailed fashion 4.相当详细地in considerable detail 5.比较详细地in more detail 6

18、.较为详细地in some detail 范围1.根本上radically 2.总的来说，大体上on the whole / in general / far and by 3.基本上essentially / basically / primarily / largely 4.主要的（定语）main / chief / primary / major 5.主要地 （状语） mainly / mostly / chiefly / dominantly / predominantly / in the main / in a great measure / for the most part /

19、 for the greater part / primarily / par excellent 6.完全地entirely / completely / utterly / wholly / to the full extent 7.部分地in part / partially / partly 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 8.极其， 非常extremely / in the extreme / to

20、the last degree / exceptionally /surprisingly / as fast as anything 9.其中特别是among others 10.尤其是particularly / notably / in particular / especially 度量1.相当于。 。数量，大约on the order of 2.。 。 。在。 。 。精度以内to within 3.按重量（体积，面积）计量by weight (volume, area) 4.。 。 。坡度。 。 ： 。 。 。 a slope of in (on, to) 5.。 。 。斜度。 。

21、： 。 。 。 a batter of in 6.。 。 。与。 。 。成。 。 。角angle of with 7.。 。 。与。 。 。成 O 角 at an angle of O to 8.与。 。 。成直角at a right angle to/ squared to 9.按长度（宽度，深度。 。 。 ） in length (width, depth ) 10.长（宽，深。 。 。 ） 数字+ 单位+ long (wide, deep ) 11.以长度 /时间为单位in units of length/ time 12.以米（卡、克）为单位in meters (calories, g

22、rams) 比例和比率与。 。 。成比例： be in the proportion of 与。 。 。成正比：1.be in direct measure of 2.be a direct dependence upon (on) 3.vary (directly) as 4.vary in the direct ration of 5.be (directly) proportional to 6.be in proportion to 7.be relative to 与。 。 。成反比1.be in relation to 2.be an inverse measure of 3.be

23、 an inverse dependence upon (on) 4.vary inversely as 5.vary in the inverse ratio of 6.vary in the reciprocal of 7.be inversely proportional to 8.be in inverse proportion to 9.depend (s) inversely as 图 （graph, diagram, drawing, chart, sketch ）1.曲线图curve line graph 2.投影图projection drawing 3.流程图flow ch

24、art 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 4.示意图diagrammatic sketch 5.概略原理图key diagram 6.透视图perspective drawing 7.直方图，频率曲线histogram 8.平面图plan 9.侧视图side view 10.俯视图top view 11.立面图elevation 12.截面图section 13.大样图detail 14.比例scale 15.实

25、心圆solid (blackened / full / filled) circle 16.空心圆open circle 17.圆点组成的线line of circles 18.（实心，空心）方块(solid, open) square 19.十字符号cross 20.小线段（虚线）dashed line (chain dash) 21._ ._线 dash-dot-dash line 22.点线（ ） : chain dot 23.点划线dotted-dashed line 24.粗实线heavy (thick) solid line 25.细虚线thin (light) broken li

26、ne 26.(实，虚 )线 (solid, broken) line 27.（直，波状）线(straight, wavy) line 28.（平滑，点）曲线(smooth, dotted ) curve 29.(阴影，空白 ) 区 (shaded, clear) area 30.(布点，网状，阴影线)区 （dotted, hatched, cross-hatched） area 31.(深，线 )阴影区（dark, light ） shaded area 32.前两行two rows from top 33.中间一行the middle row 34.右数第三列the third column

27、 from right 35.倒数第 2 行 the second row from bottom 36.以。 。 。为单位in unit of ( in / by) 37.如图2 所示as shown in Fig 2/as given in Fig 2/ as listed (presented, summarized, evidenced) in Fig.2 38.作为例外by way of exception 39.无例外地without exception 40.几乎无例外地without few exception 41.绝 非in no way (sense, case, deg

28、ree, instance, respect) / by no means/ on no account/anything but 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 42.更不必说let alone/ not to speak of / not to mention / to say nothing of 43.根据目前情况来看as the case stands/ as matters stand/ as fa

29、r as it goes/ as things go / as things are 44.具体来说to be specific/ specifically/ more specifically 45.换句话来说put in another way/ in other words / alternatively / stated another way 46.具有have/ be of47.关于concerning/ relating to/pertaining to/ as to/regarding/about/in connection with/ with reference to/ i

30、n reference to/ as regards/ as concerns/ as for/Re/In respect of/ in the matter of 48.无 疑without doubt (question)/ out of doubt (question)/ no doubt/ beyond doubt (question)/ past question 49.得出结论reach (arrive at, come to, draw) a conclusion 50.推断出结论reason out a conclusion 51.我们得出结论we conclude that/

31、 we are led to a conclusion 52.一些另外结果附于下some other results are of note 53.若听其自然if left to itself/ if it is left to itself 54.所讨论的，所研究的in question/ under consideration (study, investigation) 时间表达55.超前两天2-day lead 56.之后两天2-day lag 57.偶尔once in a way/ once in a while/ occasionally/ on occasion 58.每月一次a

32、t monthly intervals 59.每 10 天一次at 10-day intervals 60.每隔一定时间一次at regular intervals 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 61.每隔一周（每两周）every other week/ every 2 weeks 62.在大约几个小时内within a matter of hours 63.在本世纪初叶in the early part o

33、f the century 64.在五月上旬in the first decade of May 65.在五月中旬in mid-May/ in the middle of May 66.在清晨in early morning hours 67.在深秋 -初冬一段时间in late autumn-early winter 68.在早（暮）春in early (late) spring 69.在过去 100 多年in the past century and more 70.在最近 10 年 during the last decades (10 years) 71.最近几年in the past

34、 years/ in the last years/ over the past years/ over the last years/ for the past years/ for the last years 72.近年来in recent years 73.连续几年in successive years 74.今年in the current year / this year 75.1998 年上半年in the first half of 1998 76.在整个期间throughout the period 77.以后的in the subsequent months/ years

35、/ seasons 78.前一个月in the previous month 79.前后月份in the neighboring/surrounding months 80.未来。 。 。 for the next 3 weeks/ for two weeks to come (follow) 81.未来in advance 82.在。 。 。之后after/ subsequent to 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - -

36、 - - 83.在。 。 。之前before/ ahead of / prior to / anterior to / by the time / not later than 84.连续 3 天 for 3 consecutive (successive) days / for 3 days together/ for 3 days in succession 85.夜晚during the night/ during the night time / during the night hours 86.白天during the daytime/ during the daytime hou

37、rs 87.一周后in a week/ within a week ( 未来的 ) ; a week later (过去的 ) 88.一。 。 。就。 。 。 ： upon / on / as soon as / No sooner than 89.一。 。 。马上就。 。 ： at the very moment when 90.随着。 。 。 ： accordingly as + 句子 / according as +句子名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - -