2022年高中英语完形填空题解题技巧训练 .pdf

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1、高中英语完形填空题解题技巧训练教案完型填空题是集词语辨析、词的用法以及搭配、语法、单句理解、语篇理解的考查为一体的综合题， 不但要求同学们具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求必须具备较强的分析理解、 逻辑推断能力及语感。 该题型在历届高考试题中起着重要的作用，具体来说，由于短文被挖去一些词， 造成信息的中断， 同学们做题时，必然会出现思维断层现象。 如果不掌握正确的解题思路及步骤，并通过适当的训练的话，同学们面对此题时就会束手无策，久而久之就会对完形填空产生厌烦、恐惧心理，更不利于能力的提高，不利于临场发挥。本文结合笔者的教学实际，浅谈完形填空题的解题思路与步骤，一、解题方法1、通览全文，了解大意由

2、于完型填空试题主要测试同学们在语篇层面上综合运用语言的能力，在解答试题的之前应快速阅读全文， 抓住文章的主题， 搞清作者的思路及上下文的逻辑关系。一般说来，通读的关键是弄清第一句(往往点明主题，且是没留空白的完整句 )和最后一句 (往往总结、概括全文 )。另外，在浏览时全文的时候，要重点了解文中所表达的人物、时间、地点、事件，即who，when，where，what。例如有篇文章的第一句话为：Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next ？这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了

3、问题。根据常识，就会很快的知道文中的内容应与热胀冷缩的物理现象有关。2、快速反应，初做答案找到文章的突破口之后，就要趁着思路清晰时，快速做出反应，一鼓作气将文中所有能填的空填起来， 不因某试题暂时给不了答案的题停留太久。做题以了解文章的大意为前提， 如遇个别难题， 可以暂时跳过去或初拟一个答案；如果停滞不前，不但会打断思路、造成时间上和心理上的紧张，而且往往无济于事。在填每个空格时， 注意分析选项所在的上下文，弄清上下文间的逻辑关系， 注意空格前后的词， 看是否能与某一选项构成固定搭配。从各个角度考虑， 初步做出每个小题的答案。3、再次查读，攻克难关精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

4、 - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页初选过后，可能还会留下一些空档，此时，再重读文章，从语义和逻辑的角度审视全文，看其是否通顺流畅、条理清晰、符合逻辑。与此同时，将未填的空档全部补齐。由于选答案时讲求一气呵成， 初选过后还应根据上下文对有疑问或把握不准的答案进行推敲。在具体的操作中应注意以下的问题：1看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is ver

5、y _ A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 【解析】根据转折连词but 的提示，所填入的词应与shallow 相反，因此答案为 A。2. Mrs. ONeill asked_ questions and she didnt scold us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. more 【解析】 and 是一个并列连词； either 为副词，用在否认句或否认词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否认意义的词，因此答案是A。2通顺逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配， 包括动词与介词的搭配、 动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词

6、的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_ so much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of 【解析】表示“ 自取，随便拿 ” 这个意义的短语是help oneself to 故答案为 C。3扎实基础，搞清辨异在此类试题的命制上，往往是以同类的词为主，我们不需要去进行具体的辨析，但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断。如：Soon I heard a_ like that of a door burst in and then a clim

7、b of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 【解析】选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D 项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。When the papers were _ she discovered that twelve boys had made 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页exactly A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered 【解析】根据文章的意思

8、，应该是在试卷上交后，老师在阅卷的时候，发现的问题，所以可较容易排除B 和 D 选项。而 examined和 marked两个词词义非常接近。 examine意为“ 检查，查看 ” ，mark 是“ 批分数，评成绩 ” ，因此，应选 C。4看清执行者，确定所选词And video cameras can be used to people s actions at home.A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 【解析】句中动作的发出者是video cameras 因此答案是 C，意思是 “ 记录” 。5寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系It has been many

9、 years since I was last in London_ still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 【解析】根据句前的many years和句后的 still remember 答案应选表示转折的连词 but. 6了解生活常识，确定相关知识(Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D.

10、 nearest 【解析】在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为 D。二、2014年试题预测：通过对历届高考试题的分析， 我们对 2014 年高考完型填空试题做一个大致的预测，希望也对同学们有所帮助。1、文章趋向长，词数250 左右，多为夹叙夹议文章。而且文章富有时代的气息，具有教育意义。2、短文内容逻辑性强，结构严谨，层次分明。文章多数是以一篇故事或说明，告诉我们一个道理。3、文章语言符合高考学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量防止选用专业性太强的文章或论说文体。4、意义选择填空为主，语法选择填空为辅。5、逐步过渡到选最正确答案。以单词填空精选学习资料 - - -

11、 - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页为主，词组和短语填空为辅。完形填空题要想取得高分， 必须经过大量的练习， 在实战中运用解题思路和方法，加强阅读，培养语感，积累词汇，打下扎实的基本功，到高考做完形填空题时就一定能得心应手，游刃有余，取得理想的成绩。特殊解题思路：解题思路四：借助语法知识, 选择正确的答案。例 1：When Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested 解析： D。 根据学过

12、的语法知识 ,我们知道主句的谓语动词表示建议的意思时, 宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即用“( should )+ 动词原形 ” 。题干句中 “play ”的形式是关键信息。例 2：Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make _ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. A. that B. it C. so D. this 解析： B。例 3：Finally Peter decided to go to t

13、he USA and ，as his father had told him ，_ to be a doctor. A. studies B. studying C. study D. studied 解析：C。分析句子结构可知，空白处与前面的动词go为并列动词不定式，均作谓语 decided的宾语，故选 C。此题假设忽略分析句子结构，很容易误选 D。此题的难点在于句中有一个插入性质的as引导的从句， 将两个不定式分隔开了。从而造成识别第二个动词不定式的困难。解题思路五：利用生活常识，文化背景。例 1：One day, the girl _1_ into the plane, started

14、it and soon left the _2_. 1. A. climbed B. looked C. reached D. fell 2. A. house B. floor C. water D. ground 解析：1. A。2. D。根据生活常识，这女孩应是先爬进机舱，才能起动飞机，最后使飞机飞离地面。例 2：Immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the _ hospital. A. animal B. biggestC. plant D. nearest 解析： D。在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一

15、个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为 D。例 3： Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to _. A. check B. read C. keep D. sign 解析：B。外国人早上有读报的习惯 , 其中 paper即为报纸，这是理解本文细节的关键 , 有了这些文化背景知识 , 可迅速推断出正确答案为B。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页解题思路六：采取排除法。解答完形填空题的过程中， 有时我们会遇到这

16、样的情况： 对某一题的正确选项的含义、 用法不甚明白， 但发现其他选项有显而易见的谬误。这时我们可以尝试排除法 , 剔除错误的选项。随着选择范围的缩小, 选中正确选项的时机就会增大。例 1：Finally I was _ by his lively sense of humor. A. disturbed B. moved C. attracted D. defeated 解析： C。首先根据句子及选项的意义, 可马上排除选项 A 和 D。再根据句子的意思判断 , “我被他的幽默感吸引 ”, 而不是 “ 被感动 ” 。例 2：However, the typical teenage lifes

17、tyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be _1_ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, _2_, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, _3_ student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 3. A. displaying B. describing C. creati

18、ng D. exchanging 解析： A。第 3 题的解题步骤为：首先从动宾搭配上看，C 选项创造学生艺术品可以排除，再从该句的上文看。上文说应该设计竞争性小的活动，所以答案应该是 “ 展示学生艺术作品 ” 。解题思路七 : 找寻固定词组、常用句型或习惯用法。例 1：A waiter appeared. He paused for just a second , walked into the water to _ the table and A. set B. wash C. remove D. check 解析：A。set the table 在饭桌上摆好刀叉等餐具准备开饭。这是一种固

19、定说法。例 2：I started surfing about five years ago and _ in love with the sport on the very first day. A. stayed B. came C. dropped D. fell 解析： D。因为 fall in love with 是习惯搭配，意为 “ 爱上” 、“ 喜欢上 ” 。例 3. With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle _ of flying into space and returning many times. A. ca

20、pable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit 解析： A。be capable of是习惯搭配，意为 “ 能够” 。例 4. During the summer holidays ，they usually _ much time playing football on the play ground.A. use B. need C. take D. spend 解析：D。四个选项从语法角度看似乎都正确。但从习惯搭配来看， spend (in) doing sth.表示“ 花时间做某事 ” ，使固定句式，正确答案为D。建议：1注意词语的搭配：动词的搭配(do 和

21、 make的搭配能力较强，要记牢、记熟)。do(a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc.) make(a study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页contribution, a deal, a deci

22、sion, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, ones way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc.) 2形容词与名词的搭配有的具有一定的文化背景，学生要注意“ 貌合神离 ” 的词语。如：lucky dog 幸运儿、right hand 得力助手、narrow escape死里逃生、dark horse出人意料的获

23、胜者3 有些形容词可以加一个形容词修饰， 表示强调，使表达更加生动。如： pitch dark漆黑的、brand new 崭新的、crystal clear水晶般的、wide open张得大大的 、fast asleep 睡得很熟的、wide awake完全醒着的、icy cold冰冷的, etc. 4有些形容词可以和不同的介词搭配，学生应注意比较、归纳。如：sick for 渴望、tired from 因而疲劳、 engaged in 忙于、 sick of 厌倦、tired of 对厌倦、engaged to 与某人订婚。解题思路八 : 利用原词复现或同现 , 选择最正确选项。1在完形填空

24、中 , 某一词语通常重复出现 , 使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯, 从而构成一个完整的意义整体。例 1：When the waiter brought my _ , the man was clearly puzzled by the A. menu B. bill C. paper D. food 解析： D。上文中有waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive , 所以应为：服务员为我端来食物。例 2: First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to

25、 _ six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 解析： D。同源词复现，由window-cleaner 可知为 clean the window。2同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇， 一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。1名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：school-primary schoolmiddle schoolcollegeuniversity students pupilsgraduates postgraduates 2动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。

26、如：schoolteachlearnattendfounddrop outgraduate be dismissed 3)形容词同现 ; 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：在学校这个语境中：keyschooloptionalcoursecompulsorycourse 4) 结构同现 : 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如：some ,others; on one hand,on the other hand; former,latter; sothat; not only but also; hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan ; b

27、e about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way when; 例 3: I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV , and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Am

28、y, my new _, dressed neatly. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 解析： A。名词同现，从room, furniture,等同现信息可知。例:We were _ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us togetherand said, A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure 解析： A。结构

29、同现， be about to do when 。解题思路九：顺应文意 ,定位选词。做题时 , 要充分利用上下文 , 找到有提示作用的词。这些词可以是同义词、近义词或反义词 , 也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。例： At the table next to mine sat an attractive _couple, waiting for .A. lonely B. curious C. well - dressed D. bad - tempered 解析: C。根据上文的 attractive (吸引人的 ) 和下文的表达 , 只能选择 well - dressed “穿着漂亮的 ”,

30、 这样才能是一对浪漫夫妻。例 2：Geese are known to take the first living thing they see as their mother. _, to these young geese, the girl was their mother. A. But B. Also C. Thus D. Still 解析： C。 A. But “但是” B. Also“也” C. Thus “因而” D Still “仍然” 。例 3: After you have learned to think of several words in English ， th

31、en move on to the next step thinking in _. A. sentencesB. passagesC.1essonsD. classes 解析：A。需注意上下文逻辑推理以及名词的含义。第一步是考虑单词，接下来应该是考虑句子。故选A。例 4: Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 解析：A。根据转折连词 but 的提示，所填入的词应与shallow 相反，因此答案为 A。例 5:

32、 Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened _1_. As was discussed before, it was not _2_ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic _3_. 1. A. between

33、 B. before C. since D. later 2. A. after B. by C. during D. until 3. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure 解析： 1. A. 2. D. 3. C。我们注意到文章讲了两个时间：20 世纪和 15、16 世纪，而 19 世纪显然是处在两者之间， 故第 1 题填 between。第 2 题是一语法结构题，固定结构： It was not until-that-。第 3 题属于前面介绍的 信息词 题。上文中出现的： television, printing, newspaper均说明该题应

34、填 medium。解题思路十：仔细推敲 , 注重逻辑。做完完形填空题后 ,要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍, 看语法、惯用法对不对 ;看是否符合上下文的逻辑; 看是否符合故事情节的发展,以便更正可精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页能的错误选择。一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑， 学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词：1. 递进in addition, furthermore,

35、 again, also, besides, moreover, whats more, whats worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still 2.比较in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.对照in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while 4.因果because

36、, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus 5.强调certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially，in particular, absolutely, 6.让步although, though, after all, in spite of 7.举例for example, for instance, that is, namely, suc

37、h as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8. 时间和空间afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 9. 总结to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in al

38、l, in summary 例 1: It has been many years since I was last in London _ I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 解析：C。根据句前的 many years和句后的 still remember，答案应选表示转折的连词 but。例 2: Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people _ believe in being on the safe side and thus take extra vitamins. A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile 解析：A。从句意可知，尽管服用额外的维生素是没用的，但很多人还是会服用。 Nevertheless的意思是 “ 尽管如此，然而 ” ，符合句意。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页