定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.pdf

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1、定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习作者 : 日期 : 定语从句一(关系代词的用法）一 定语从句概念1. 定语从句 :修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。关系词有关系 _: 有_， _ ，_,_, _, _ 等；关系_ : 有_,_, _等。关系词常有 3个作用 : 引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中 充当一个成分。注意:根据先行词与定语从句之间有无逗号隔开 ,定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义是先行词

2、不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明删除后意思仍完整译法翻译成先行词的定语 , “ 的”通常翻译成主句的并列句限制性定语从句举例：(） The ahert dme ha om was thenly person thatcoud depend on. (2) China is ountry hich hasa oghitry. 非限制性定语从句举例 : (1) His mohe, wh v hivry much, issrictith him(2) Cina, whi wasfnded in 4， is becoin r and mor pwerful. 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同（

3、1) His brtr wois o a octoralwaysecurages hi togto clleg. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。 （他还有其他的哥哥 ) (2） His brthr, o is n a ctr, aways ecourages hitoo clge. 他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥）二.引导定语从句的关系代词1. wh指_，在从句中充当 _ (1) Te oy who a paying fooa ae r Class One (2)sterda I hlped n lman who lost is wy. (3） n temeet

4、ing Is Mr. Smi ho metin m birtay party. .hom 指_ _,在定语从句中充当 _，常可省略。(1) . Liu is the erson (wom) ou tlke about o te bs. () Mr. Ling i ju the bo w I wantt see. 注意:关系代词 wm 在口语和非正式语体中常用wo 代替，可省略。(3) The an o/wyou mtust now is yfried. 3. ich指_，在定语从句中做 _或者_，做_时可省略(1) ootball is agam wichi lkdb ost oys(2) h

5、s ste en (which) he bo ght stday. . that 指人时 ,相当于 _或者_;指物时，相当于 _。在定语从句中做_或者_,做_时可省略。（) Thenube of tepeopleha/hoome o ist the city eac yearrisesne milli . （6) Wee ithe an tha/who I sw this moning? 5. wose通常指人 ,也可指物 ,在定语从句中做 _(1) e sa fien wseahe s adoctor. (2)I once lie in a hous o roof ha falle in.

6、whose指物时 ,常用以下结构来代替(3) Theclassro m whose dr ibrokenillsoon be epaire = he cl room， he oorof which isbroken illson e repird. Theclasoom, ofithe dor s brokn will son b eprd【详细讲解】关系代词 tha和 ich 的用法（一) 限制性定语从句只能用 hat 的几种情况 : 1当先行词是 anhing，evethin,nothng (somethin 除外), fe,all, none，lit le, some等不定代词时，或者是

7、由every, any, al , sme， no， litle, fw, muc等修饰时(1） Hve yotaken own evryh g that Mr ias s id? (）Thr see sto e nothngthseems mposibe f him in e old. (3） All t at ane doe has b en done. () hreili le tha I ano for yo 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The firs ace thatth visied iLonn as he Bi Ben. 3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时()Th is he b

8、st fm ha I havseen 4. 当形容词被 the vry,the oly,ju修饰时() This ithevery diction tat at t buy, (2) Afte the frnhis huse, t eold car stheonly thin hat owd. 5当先行词前面有 who, whch 等疑问代词时(1）Who i themah i stndingtee? (2) Whhs the Tshit tatfits memot? 6. 当先行词既有人 ,也有动物或者物体时() Can you rmember the scientist ndhis tho

9、ry hat avelaned? (二) 当先行词指事物时，定语从句中关系代词必须用whch 的情况 : 1.在非限制性定语从句中，只用whih () Hele was ch kne t heyongest son antoth othe , whchmdehe othersenv him(2) He aways stays t hm a eeked, whh is bother thinksi unbeleable. 当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用 wich (1)his isa houen whicLu n oce ived. 注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割,因此

10、不能把介词置于关系代词之前。(2) This is te pen hich(/ha) m lking for. (三） 关系代词 who,wm 和 wos的用法1. 先行词指人 ,在从句中作主语时，用wh; (1) She is thegir wh/at livesnet door. 2当先行词为 thse时，用 wo；() Tose who will oin n mybirtday artrebs friends. . 在 Ther 句型中主语作为先行词指人时,用 who; (3） here is gre mn wo avd hicountry wt his partners. 先行词指人

11、,在从句中作宾语时 ,可以用 whom 和 wo; () Th the gil omw/at I teach.在定语从句中做定语时 ,用 who。()This i te intist oe ach evmnts ar wellkno. (6) This i te hose who ewno broke st nih. 关系代词 a引导的定语从句关系代词 as既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,s 在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(一) 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：1.su + 名词 as像一样的 ,像之类的thae + 名词 +as和同样的其中关系代词 s 在从句中充当主语

12、、宾语或表语。(1) We ave oun sch matialsas are sei tefctory. (2)Thsehose aresol at suha low pieas pe ple expected (3) H is noth same man as e was tenyersgo. 注意 ：ucas引导的定语从句与 uhtht引导的状语从句的区别 : ()Hei such a clever boy as e ronelke. () He is such a cle er bo t eveyone likesim. 2.suchsuch为代词，意为“这样的人或物” ；as在从句中

13、作成分 ,修饰先行词 sch。() This book iotsuch as Iexpct. (二）关系代词 a和 whih 引导的定语从句的区别和 which 引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是: 1.s 和 ic都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。()He marrie he, as/whihwas natural. (2）He wa ones ， as/hih w cansee. .as引导非限制性定语从句 ,可放在主句之前， 或者主句之后， 甚至可以切割一个主句 ;as有“ 正如，正像 ” 的意思whch 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。意

14、为“这一点”。（) Asis known o al, China is a dev opi cunr. （)His from the south, a we cnsee rom his acce t. (3) John, s youkow, is a famous rer. () He as be ntoParis ore tha sevral times，whih I dont beieve. 注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用hich；（5) Tom as alway t orscho, whic made his teach r angry. 当非限制性定语从句的宾语是一个复

15、合结构时,只能用 whic。(6) etty alwastells lie,wi he aes fdstrang. 3. 当先行词受 suh, th same修饰时 ,常用(1) Ive neer hard uh a storyasetel(2） He inot suc a fool as eos. （3）Ths th sam boks I los latweek. 注意:当先行次由 th sm修饰时，偶尔也用that 引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) ewrte sa e ress hat she wore at Mar s weddin. 她穿着她在 MARY 婚礼

16、上穿过的一条裙子。(5） he wr tesame ressas her young ster wore 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。专项练习用 tht, which, w，whom,whe, 填空1 s there any in _ you dn undrstand about te polem? . l heprsents _ youfens gve you on yur brshould ptaw3. he nuo eol _ lst hr eas many as 25 ,0. 4. He was lte or the opein erem，_ s ver spising to me

17、. Tos _ cut own he tr s soubpunishd6.i s sintresng a boo _we l lik . 7. e ve m nvs th _ a ot yamiliar. 8. There areman cide_a playin s onthe plygroud. He is no longer thene _eus tobe10. he rer _ banksare c ered ith trees los to th a. .Jack s wo hefirst prie, _ ofthpens. 12. The worstmatte _ m frid o

18、 hapnedinhe end. 13. Hfailed mak his lan on ime,which as strnge o his bos. 14hs i the ery oo _ ave been looking or. 15. Thiteache, wih_n wr, ilik byal the tudents. 仿写练习组句:将下面句子连成一句话。1Aplan is a ma ne. Th machnca fly. _ _ _ 2 he gir is Ma .Wsawhey teday. _ _ _ She wastl nwithalay. Hr on ws il. _ _ _

19、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. Te clothe av bee ceaned. I ering them. _ _ 5. He is ittingi a chair. t i boke. _ _ 强化训练把下列中文用定语从句翻译成英文。. 他在中国参观的第一个博物馆是历史博物馆。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. 你有任何关于这个主题的信息都发给我吧。_ _ _3. 不到长城非好汉。_ 4. 那条两边都是树的河一直流向海洋。_ _ _.妈妈给我买了台电脑作为生日礼物,这正是我所渴望的。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6. 掌握一门外语很有用, 这是大家公认的。_ _ _ _定语从

20、句二(介词 +关系代词的用法) 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词关系代词引导(）Th school （ha/which） he once sdien is vey famou. (2） The school in hich he ncesudied s r fmos. （3)Tomoro I ll ring hee mgzine (that/whch) youaskedfor. (4) TomoowI willbrn hre agzneo whyou aske. (5) elgoo arte mous snger （wh ha/wo) we ve ften tlkedbout.

21、(） We ohear the famo singrbout homwe haeofentald. 注意:1 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如:lok fo,look aft,ake care of等()Thiis th wtch whch/that Ialokin for.(T) () This th atch forhih Iam ooking. (F) . 若介词放在关系代词前 ,关系代词指人时用whom，不可用 who 或者 tat；指物时用 which，不能用 at;关系代词是所有格时用 hoe. （)hman with whm utked s my rend （T) （）The

22、 ma hohat otake with is my frien.(）() Theplane nwhich e fle o Canada i vry omrtle. (T）(4)h plane in tha we fle into Canada is ry cofrtabe. () （) o, onwho bkI entto hoo is a ien of mie. (T) 3“ 介词关系代词 ” 前可有 some ，ny, non, bot, all, nei her,mt,ea h,fe等代词或者数词（1) lved hparen s eeply, oh of wh m arery knd

23、to him(2) n he bakttherere quie manyaple， some f hich haegoe bad. (3) The are fort sud sn ou lssin l, most fhom a om bg cites. 4.“ 复合介词短语+关系代词 hic” 引导的定语从句 ,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开,定语从句常用倒装语序。H ived i igos, in fnt f whh stoo a big all ree总结:判断介词的方法有以下三种: (1) 看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配）(2) 先行词放在从句中需不需要添介词(3) 通

24、过整个句子整体含义来判断专项练习2 用” 介词+关系代词 ” 填空1 Thhel meeig, _ the hosta drector made a speech. 2.The book, _ haid 6 yuan, is woth radng. . Isthis th a _ huse thp c ounthe ost clured TV？4.WDog, _ _ _ wnt the once , enjoyd i vry much. 5. Testriesabot ong March,_ this is ne exle, are l witten. 单项选择6.Do yo kw w o l

25、 vesi hebilin _ the isa wel？A. infrn of itB. infr tof hse C.in fron o wic in fro t which 7. Tewoan _ _y bother spoke t now ismy teahe. ho towhomC. t who D. hom 8. Hislasses, _ he was lik a blind ma, feltheground and broeA. whcB with whch . witot ich.tha9.I ve bogt to ballpn，_ rite ell. A. non of whi

26、 h .neither ofwhch Cone f them neithe ofhem 10. TheSec d World ar _ million f peowerekiled was in 1945. A during w ich B. i that Cwhere . on whh 1. Recentlyoght an anientCinesevas, _ was e easo able hichricB. te rie ofhih it price D h ri ofwhose 12.he ictnar, _ paid 80 ollar,ton. A hich B that C. fo

27、r icD.to whic3. GrnmLag ha twsons， _ar solder. A. two f wom . whom C. botof hom D. ne othem 14.He arrvan ourlat，_mae use unhappy. A.hat B.s C at whi15 Jane ， _sistersarfaus el in thworl , will att nd the portat cer ony. A. wih ho B. w h hicC.with whD. with who e 仿写练习用介词 +关系代词的形式把下列句子翻译成英文。1 im 是我的外教

28、 ,从他身上我学到了很多有用的东西。_ _ _ _ 2 我喜欢窗子朝南的房子。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ .他给了我几本我不太熟悉的歌曲。_ _ 4.中国有许多大河流 ,其中长江和黄河是最重要的河流。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5他有两个兄弟，没有一个是教师。_ _ 综合强化训练1.Itis by no ean cla _ the p dent cado toed t ikA hB. whi h C.thatD.as 2. wish totank ProessorSith， thut_he wouldnevr hve got tis far. A. whB. wsC.whoD. tha

29、3Mari has writen twonvels,bot f _ave bmadeit elvsio se s. . thB. that C.hich D. as 4.The ir q alityn he cit, _ show itereort, as improe overhe pst two monhA. thaB.itC.as. wa5. Mrs.Lee wllmove ntothe ew ouenx Monday, _ it wi l be compleelyfinisd. A.y h h time .by thatime C. y titimD. yhe time 6. e i

30、scha lovely tuent _ everyone loves. A as B. whoC. thD. hm 7. Thestdntthat eachr thnksbet plyed uan(逃学 ）yes rday,_ _ _ ma ttea her ery disappointe. as B. ttC. which D. who 8.Hav yu sen the ok _ s yllow? the coer of it B. ch coveC the over ofwhch D. whic sc r 9. _inwtousll ht hnhte largs oultion in th

31、eword. A. A B.Wich. That . t 10. Eln was painter biran of naure, _, forome reaso ,hd wihrawn froll mansocieyA which B. who .hatD.ho1. Caref thsol is a g l poes_ een te small details o life shoude cnsidre. ttB. n thaC. whichD. nhich 12 lot o lagae lernin, _ ha been iscovered，is happeinginth first ear

32、 of i,so parents houldtalk muchtotheir chle duing taprio. A. aB. it C. which D. this 3. We eeply absorbed in wok,_ he ote was，hewuld f get al about eatingorsleepng. A. thtB. hich . wD. wha4. In ou class ther ae 46 suent,_alf were glasses. A. i h m B. n t m . of h m D.ofte15. ave you ent hankou not t

33、 e rlative rm_ o receved it? A which B. teC. tha wom 16.Te pizewill gt the wite _ _ st yows the most imgi tion. . wat B. that C.whi. whose 17. Ted camefor th wekndweaig onlyoshortsanT-shrt, _ _ isa stupitig to don ucweteA. h sB. ha . whi hos18.he old own ha narrw trees d small houses _ arebilclose t

34、ah ther. A. tey B. thaC. asD. inwhch 19.She hwedt viitos aroun the mseu, te corton _ h takn more thn thre earsA. forh h Bith whch Cof hch . to whih 20.Chidn wae not active or_ iet isighn ft wi gain weihtuickl. wat B. which CthaD. whose 21.Theettl et is het narly ，00peol, mny f_ leftther vla hmsforab

35、etter life i the city. . om B. whch C thD.them 22 I vebecome od fr ens with s verlote studens m schol _ me in teEnglih spech cotest las ear. A. who whosC hic. whre 23.un ontols aujet _ Amrican hv aruedor a lontm. A of hich B. wit hich C. ab uwhic D intowhi2. The hose I grew u_ _ ha een taendon and lae yan offic buildin . iit B. in thD. i hi5. Th n plled out a god wath, _ wremade of small d monA. the ands owomB whom hehands ofC. hic he hands oD. hhads owch