情态动词ppt课件.ppt

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1、Grammar -Modal Verb命题热点：命题热点： 情态动词的情态动词的基本用法基本用法; 情态动词情态动词表示态度表示态度的用法的用法; ; 情态动词情态动词表示推测表示推测的用法的用法; 情态动词情态动词在虚拟语气中的在虚拟语气中的运用。运用。常见的情态动词有：常见的情态动词有： can 能 may 可以 will，would （表意愿）need 需要 dare 敢 must 必须 have to 不得不shall，should 应该（表义务） ought to 应该1.can，could 的用法的用法1）表能力，有）表能力，有“能能”、“会会”、“能够能够”的意的意思思Can y

2、ou drive a car? -Yes, I can. -No, I cant. 注：注：过去式过去式could语气语气比比cancan更加委婉更加委婉 Could I use your car?2 2）征求许可，意为）征求许可，意为“可以可以” Can I use your bike?(=(=maymay但没有但没有 may 正式）正式） 3）表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句 Can it be true? Today is Sunday. He cant be at school. can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态

3、态(could)，其他时态要用其他时态要用be able to的形的形式式例如： can 和和 be able to 的比较的比较I havent been able to get in touch with her.我一直没能和她联系上。通常通常can 和和 be able to 可以互可以互换换2.may，might的用法的用法2.1 表示许可或征求对方的许可，有表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以可以”的的意思意思。例如： You may go now. May I use your computer?注：过去式过去式might表示的语气更加委婉、客气表示的语气更加委婉、客气例如：例如：

4、Might I use your pen for a while?注：回答以回答以may开头的疑问句有如下表达法开头的疑问句有如下表达法例如：例如：-May I smoke here? 肯定 -Yes, you may 否定；-No, you cant -Yes, please -No, you mustnt. -No, youd better not.2.3表示猜测，通常只用于陈述表示猜测，通常只用于陈述句句 例如： You may be right. 你可能是对的。 2.5 在口语中在口语中can可以代替可以代替may表表示许可，但示许可，但can较随便，较随便，may更正更正式式例如：

5、Can I use your bike, John?May I have a look at your license please, sir? 3.must 的用法的用法 3.1表义务，表义务，“必须必须”例如：You must talk to them about their study.3.2 在否定结构中表不许、禁止在否定结构中表不许、禁止 例如： You mustnt smoke here. 附：关于附：关于must的回答的回答。例如：Must I clean the dining room at once?Must I clean the dining room at once?

6、肯定： -Yes, you must. （是的，你必须否定： -No, you neednt.（不，你不必 -No, you dont have to.3.3 表坚定的建议表坚定的建议例如： You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shanghai. 3.4 表推测，暗含有很大的可能性例如： He must be ill. He looks so pale.注意注意may 暗含的可能性暗含的可能性较小，must 暗含的可能性暗含的可能性较大。 Have to 的疑问句和否定句，多用助动词的疑问句和否定句，多用助动词do构成构成。例如：例如：

7、 Did he have to do it?他得做那件事吗 He didnt have to do it.他不需要做那件事。 4.have to的用法的用法 have to 意为“不得不”，它虽属于情态动词， 但它有人称、数的变化，其 疑问句，否定句的构成也和其他的动词有所不同。 4.1 have to & & must （1）must 强调强调“ “内在的内在的职责职责” ”、 、“ “义务义务” ”，强调强调说话说话人的主人的主观观看法看法。 have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。 （2）have tohave to可用于多种时态，而可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，

8、其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall / will have to代替。 （3）have to的否定式表示“不需要”， mustnt表不允许。例如： You dont have to go there.你不需要不需要去那儿。 You mustnt go there?你不准不准去那儿。5.need 的用法的用法 need 既可用作情既可用作情态动词态动词，又可用作，又可用作实义动词实义动词 作情作情态动词时态动词时，没有数和人称的，没有数和人称的变变化，后接化，后接动词动词原形；作原形；作实实义动词时义动词时，有数的，有数的变变化和人称的化和人称的变变化，后接化，后接带带toto的不定

9、式，的不定式，意意为为“ “需要做需要做” ”。 。 其否定式为其否定式为“neednt ”，表，表“不必不必”例如：例如：You neednt worry.你不必担心。你不必担心。 其其疑问句式为疑问句式为： Need + +sbsb.+ do?.+ do?，表表“需要需要吗吗”例如：例如：Need you go? 你得去吗？你得去吗？ -No, I neednt. 不必。不必。 -Yes, I must. 是的，我必须去。是的，我必须去。 6.will和和would的用法的用法 will,（1 1）表示表示“意愿意愿”，I will help you. (2) (2) 用于第二人称表征求意

10、见用于第二人称表征求意见， Will you have some more wine? （3 3）用于第三人称表推测。用于第三人称表推测。 -Somebody is coming upstairs. - That will be Mary. (4) (4) 表示将来或现在的习惯表示将来或现在的习惯。 He will come this afternoon. The old man will sit by the window for hours.例3：Hes strange - he _ sit for hours without saying anythingA.shall B. will

11、C. can D. must 分析：will用来谈习惯和特性，本句意思为“他很怪，能一坐几个小时一句话也不说”。答案为B。2. Would (1)表示过去的意愿。表示过去的意愿。I would like to see Mr. Smith2）表示过去的习惯。表示过去的习惯。When I was a child, we would get up early and go climbing 3）征求意见，语气比）征求意见，语气比will 委婉委婉.Would you mind my smoking here?7.shall和和should的用法的用法1 shall，(1)(1)用于一用于一三人称，征

12、求意见或提议。三人称，征求意见或提议。Shall we go out for lunch?Shall we go out for lunch?(2)(2)用于第二人称，表一种强烈的感情，用于第二人称，表一种强烈的感情，如如“命令，禁止，威胁，允诺命令，禁止，威胁，允诺”等等. . If you dare do that, you shall If you dare do that, you shall be punished.be punished.(3)(3)表示规章，指示，预言等。表示规章，指示，预言等。 All shall dieAll shall die. . 例6：You cant

13、imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)A. might B. need C. should D. would 分析：在某些名词性从句中，should 表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为“竟然”。答案分别为C。如：It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。例1：“The interest _be divided into five The interest _be divided into five parts, a

14、ccording to the agreement made byparts, according to the agreement made by both sides.A. may B. should C. must D. shallA. may B. should C. must D. shall例例2 2： The room is so dirty. _ we clean it?The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. (2003 Of course. (2003北京春北京春) )A. Will B. Shall C. Would

15、D. DoA. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do分析：上述两题均考查分析：上述两题均考查 shallshall的非常用含义，当的非常用含义，当shallshall用用于一、三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见；用于二、于一、三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。上述三题答案分别为诺或威胁等。上述三题答案分别为D D、B B。 should (1) 表示义务，责任，意为表示义务，责任，意为“应当应当” 。 You should pay for your taxe

16、s.（2）表示推测，可能性。意为表示推测，可能性。意为“可能，可能，应该应该”。 Its mid-night,he should be home.（3）用于提建议，请求用于提建议，请求， I should say it would be better to delay the meeting. (4) 表示惊讶和难以置信。表示惊讶和难以置信。 Why should he do such a thing?例6：You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海) A. might B. ne

17、ed C. should D. would分析：在某些名词性从句中，分析：在某些名词性从句中，should should 表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为“竟竟然然”。答案分别为。答案分别为C C。如：如：It seems It seems unfair that this should happen to unfair that this should happen to me. me. 真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。身上。 Should “Should “应该应该”，主要表示主主要表示主观观看法，看法， Ought to“Ought

18、to“理应理应”，则则更多反映客更多反映客观观情情况况，在在谈谈到法律，到法律，规规定定. .义务时义务时用。用。如：如： Should & ought toYou should finish your work first, and then watch TV.You ought to clean the classroom , for it is your turn today.9.情态动词表示情态动词表示“推测推测”的用的用法法2.情态动词情态动词+动词的完成时动词的完成时表示对过去情况的表示对过去情况的推测。推测。 1) must+have +v-ed .表示过去表示过去“一定发生了一

19、定发生了.” 2) could have v-ed 表示过去表示过去 “很可能发生很可能发生” 3)may / might have v-ed 表过去某事表过去某事“也许也许”发发生生 4) ought to / should have v-ed意为意为“本来应该本来应该做做” 5) neednt have v-ed 意为意为“本没必要做本没必要做”1.情态动词情态动词+ 动词原形动词原形表示对现在的推测表示对现在的推测 1. must have v-ed 例如： 1）Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last nigh

20、t. 2）You couldnt have met my grandmother. She died before you were born. must have v-ed 表示推测过去某事表示推测过去某事“一定一定”发生发生了。其否定形式为：了。其否定形式为：cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。表示过去不可能发生某事。2 could have v-ed could have v-ed 表示推测过去某表示推测过去某动作动作“很可能很可能”发生了。发生了。 例如：例如： Mary could have off with her friends. 3.ma

21、y / might have v-ed may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性稍大些。例如： I cant find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 4 should have v-ed如： You should have told me the truth. You shouldnt have left her alone. You ought not to have left her alone. ought to / sh

22、ould have v-ed 表示表示“本应该本应该”， 含有含有“责备责备”、“不满不满”。Shouldnt have done. / Ought not to have done 意为意为“本来本来不应该不应该.”5. neednt have v-edneednt have v-ed 意为意为“本没必要本没必要”。表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，例如：例如： You neednt have waken me up; I dont have to go to work today. You needn;t wash these clothes for me

23、, I can manage it.1.A leftluggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A.should B.can C.must D.will2.How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A.can B.must C.need D.may3.The room is so di

24、rty._ we clean it?-Of course. A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it?A. should B. must C. could D.would5.Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A.must B.can C.need D.may6.- I heard they went skiing in the

25、mountains last winter. -It_ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldt be D. mustnt be26.I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A.had to write it out B.must have written it outC.should have written it out D.ought to write it 27.Michael _be a policeman

26、, for he is much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may20.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could16.Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.will14.Are you comi

27、ng to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might15.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attendedC.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attended11.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen _ be so rude to a lady.A.might B.need C.should D.would12.Write to me when you get home.-_.A.I must B.I should C.I will D.I can