陕西省2019年中考英语复习题型点拨题型一完形填空课件ppt.ppt

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1、题型一 完形填空考情分析（一）完形填空（语法型）（一）完形填空（语法型） 语法型完形填空为2017年陕西中考新增题型，将以往在单句中考查语法知识的形式改为在语篇中考查语法知识，重在考查学生对语法知识的综合运用能力。分析近两年的陕西中考真题及陕西省2018年初中毕业学业考试说明中的题型示例A、B、C可知，动词、形容词和副词以及连词为每年的必考考点，名词、介词、冠词和宾语从句为常考考点。考情分析考情分析（二）完形填空（语境型）（二）完形填空（语境型）考情分析 语境型完形填空重在考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力，命题角度以语境推断为主，穿插设置逻辑推理、词汇复现、固定搭配、语法知识及生活常识。分析近八年

2、的陕西中考真题可知，动词、名词、形容词和副词为每年的必考考点，连词为常考考点。解题步骤一、跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。一、跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。 学生在做题时应先跳过空格，通读试题所给的完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，即了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构，以及情节发展的前因后果。在通读全文时，要尽量避免文章空格的影响，初步搞清文章的大概意思。切莫纠缠于一句话、一个空，否则会断章取义，进入误区。二、结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。二、结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。 语法型完形填空：语法型完形填空：学生在分析选项时应重点从语法角度如句子成分、时态、语态，行文逻辑等方面来分析，在理解全文意思的基

3、础上，结合所给选项细读全文，联系上下文内容，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对所给选项逐一进行分析、比较、筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。 语境型完形填空：语境型完形填空：学生在分析选项时，主要考虑上下文语境。在理解全文的基础上，结合所给选项细读全文，联系上下文内容，以词、句的意义为先，再分析句子结构，根据短文意思、词语搭配等进行综合考虑，对所给选项逐一进行分析、比较、筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。三、瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。三、瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。 学生在动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的

4、，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的题目再读一遍短文，随着对短文深入的理解，可以降低试题的难度，提高做题的正确率。四、复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。四、复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。 学生在做完题后，应把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、通顺，语法结构是否正确，是否符合英语习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。解题步骤解题技巧一、语法分析法一、语法分析法 语法型完形填空主要是考查语法知识的题目。学生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点以

5、及短文中所设空格需填入的内容在句中作什么成分，哪类词合适，应采用什么形式等进行必要的分析，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、及物、不及物、持续性、非持续性、主谓搭配以及如何与其他词类配合使用等一系列的问题。熟练地掌握语法基础知识并运用其分析解答完形填空题是一种非常有效的解题方法。典例典例 （2018陕西，片段） However, life was hard for David at that time. He hardly 24 time or money to play music. Most of the time, he had to work in a re

6、staurant.24. A.will have B.has had C.Have D.had【解析】D 考查谓语动词的时态。分析句子结构可知空白处为句子的谓语，由上句谓语was和下句谓语had to work可知，整体时态用一般过去时，故选D。解题技巧 After the concert, a famous reporter in New York heard of their story. He wanted to know what 27 . So he flew to Florida to interview her. To his surprise, the friendship b

7、etween Amy and David was 28 than he could imagine.27. A.is Amy like B.Amy is like C.Amy was like D.was Amy like【解析】C 考查宾语从句的时态和语序。分析句子结构可知，空白处是what引导的宾语从句，其语序应用陈述语序；另外，主句的谓语动词wanted为过去式，其从句需用与过去有关的某种时态，综合分析，答案选C。28. A.more beautiful B.beautiful C.beautifully D.the most beautiful【解析】A 考查形容词、副词的比较等级。分

8、析句子结构可知空白处为表语，需用形容词，再结合空后的than可知该空应填比较级，beautiful为多音节形容词，其比较级为more beautiful。故选A。解题技巧 Later, many people 29 by this story. But Amy thought it was nothing. She said, “As friends, we should give a hand when they need.”29. A.was moved B.were moved C.is moved D.are moved【解析】B 考查动词的时态和语态。由later及下句的谓语动词th

9、ought可知，句子的整体时态用一般过去时，many people与move之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选B。 My mother was told to lose weight by doing exercise every day. She had no choice but to follow 33 the doctor said. I told her that I would exercise with her every morning.33. A.what B.that C.which D.where【解析】A 考查宾语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，动词follow后应为宾

10、语从句，缺少引导词，从句said后缺少宾语。故选A。解题技巧二、巧用上下文法二、巧用上下文法 文章是一个具有内在联系的整体，而上下文则是营造语境的基础，也是逻辑推理的依据。通读全文，理顺大意，根据上下文找出信息词，是做好完形填空的关键。一般来说，完形填空的四个选项形式完全相同，如都是动词原形、都是副词、都是名词复数形式等，要注意它们在意义和搭配上的细微差异、形义兼顾。同时，一定要把这些选项放在特定的语境中进行区分、判别，从而选出正确答案。解题技巧典例典例 （2018陕西，片段） Since my mother moved to live with us in the city, she has

11、 been much heavier than before. As time went by, her health got 31 . So I had to take her to see a 32 . My mother was told to lose weight by doing exercise every day. She had no choice but to followwhat the doctor said. I told her that I would exercise with her every morning.31. A.worse B.thinner C.

12、better D.stronger【解析】A 考查形容词比较级辨析。下文“My mother was told to lose weight by doing exercise every day.” 说明“我”的妈妈身体状况变得更差了。故选A。32.A.teacher B.waiter C.doctor D.nurse【解析】C 考查名词辨析。由下文“My mother was told to lose weight by doing exercise every day. She had no choice but to follow what the doctor said.”可知，“我

13、”带她去看医生，医生让她每天通过锻炼减肥，她别无选择只有听从医生的话。故选C。解题技巧 But after two weeks, she wanted to 37 running because she thought the two-week exercise didnt work at all. To encourage her, I taught her how to use the facilities (设施) for exercise in our 38 . She began to exercise again.37. A.put up B.give up C.set up D.

14、eat up【解析】B 考查动词短语辨析。连词but 说明此处与上文内容“I praised her for keeping running with me.”相反，下文because she thought the two-week exercise didnt work at all进一步说明她不想继续“跑步”。故选B。38. A.school B.neighborhood C.hospital D.cinema【解析】B 考查名词辨析。由上文“On the first morning, she got up very early and ran with me in our neighb

15、orhood”.可知每天早晨我们在社区（neighborhood）跑步锻炼，因此，这里应为：我教她如何利用社区(neighborhood)的设备锻炼。故选B。解题技巧三、固定搭配法三、固定搭配法 答题时通过分析习惯用法、词语搭配、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。因此，同学们平时要有意识地记忆一些常用的词语搭配、习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。这类题目要求我们不仅能够记忆这些词和词组，还要学会灵活运用，准确判断。对常见句型的掌握也很重要。有些句型在经过反复使用后，会让我们形成一定的语感，这对确定题目的答案很有帮助。解题技巧典例典例（2018陕西，片段）

16、Their friendship came 23 a game. In the game, David and Amy were on the same team. 23. A.below B.from C.to D.at【解析】B 考查固定搭配。come from意为“来自”，句意为：他们的友谊源自一场游戏。在游戏中戴维和埃米在同一个队里。 When he almost lost heart, Amy gave him lots of help and supported his dream. Two years later, he decided 26 to New York for hi

17、s dream.26. A.go B.to go C.going D.gone【解析】B 考查固定搭配。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。句意为：两年后，为了他的梦想，他决定去纽约。解题技巧 With my help, it 39 her one month to develop a good habit of daily exercise.39. A.took B.spent C.cost D.paid【解析】A 考查固定搭配。take作“花费时间”讲时的固定搭配为“It takes/ took sb. some time to do sth.”；spend作“花费时间或

18、金钱”讲时的固定搭配为“Sb. spend(s)/spent some time /some money on sth/(in) doing sth.”；cost作“花费金钱”讲时的固定搭配为“Sth. cost(s)/cost sb. some money.”；pay作“花费金钱”讲时的固定搭配为“sb. pay(s)/paid some money for sth.”。故选A。解题技巧四、词汇复现法四、词汇复现法 词汇复现指的是某一词以同词（同一个单词或这个单词的同根词）、同义词（意义相同的词）、近义词（意思相近的词或解释性的语言）、反义词（意思相反或形成对比的词）、上下义词（上义词是总称

19、词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类）或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系相互衔接和连贯。因此，要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推测判断，选出正确答案。解题技巧典例典例（2018陕西，片段）One day, David and his friends talked about who their closest 21 were. When it was his turn, he said, “My best friend is Amy”21. A.friend B.classmate C.friends D.classmates【解析】C 考查名词辨析和名词单复数。由

20、下句中的my best friend is Amy可知戴维和他的朋友们在谈论friend。由空后系动词were可知空格处应用friend的复数形式。故选C。 On the first morning, she got up very earlyand ran with me in our neighborhood. I tried to run slowly so that she could follow me. After 35 for some minutes, I told her the proper ways of exercise and the importance of ea

21、ting healthy food.35. A.swimming B.eating C.playing D.running【解析】D考查动名词辨析。介词after后用动名词短语作状语。由“ran with me in our neighborhood. I tried to run slowly so that she could follow me.”可知这里进行的动作是run。故选D。解题技巧五、立体逻辑法五、立体逻辑法 逻辑是作者的行文方式，主要包括并列、条件、结果、递进、让步等。它们之间有的通过连接词来表达，关系非常明显；有的隐含在句与句之中，关系比较隐晦。同学们在做完形填空时一定要把

22、握作者的思路，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式吻合，此外要不断从各个角度进行合乎逻辑的推理并不断地验证推理的正确性，修正其非正确性，以达到理解全文、解决问题的目的。正确的分析是恰当理解的必要前提条件，而恰当理解是对题目进行正确分析推理的必然结果。解题技巧典例典例 （2018陕西，片段） On the first morning, she got up very early 34 ran with me in our neighborhood.34.A.so B.but C.and D.or【解析】C考查句子之间的逻辑关系。分析句子结构可知，空白处应为连词，连接两个句子，其主语相同，意义顺承，故选C。解题技巧