60课时学完高中全部英语上 第26讲 高考阅读主旨题解题方法与实战(一)讲义.pdf

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1、高考阅读主旨题解题方法与实战（一）高考阅读主旨题解题方法与实战（一）春季班我们将一起学会春季班我们将一起学会：语言知识语言知识：语言知识语言知识：完形填空完形填空完形填空完形填空：阅读解阅读解阅读阅读理理解解：高中核心词汇：高中核心词汇：高考说明之高考说明之高考说明之高考说明之七七七七大能力大能力大能力大能力1理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；主旨题主旨题2获取事实性信息获取事实性信息；简单细节题简单细节题2获取事实性信息获取事实性信息；简单细节题简单细节题3利用上下文推测词义；利用上下文推测词义；含义题含义题4推断隐含意义推断隐含意义；推断题推断题4推断隐含意义推断隐含意义；推

2、断题推断题5理解作者意图、观点和态度；理解作者意图、观点和态度；复杂细节题复杂细节题6理解句子理解句子段落之间的逻辑关系段落之间的逻辑关系七选五七选五/六选五六选五6理解句子理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系段落之间的逻辑关系；七选五七选五/六选五六选五7理解语篇的基本结构理解语篇的基本结构结构题结构题主旨题概述主旨题概述1题型特征题型特征The best topic / title of this passage is _.ppg_What is the main idea of the passage?(3)The main purpose of the passage is to _.2考察目

3、的考察目的把握文章的主题把握文章的主题主要思想主要思想核观点核观点2考察目的考察目的：把握文章的主题把握文章的主题、主要思想主要思想、核核心心观点观点。3难度级别：难度级别：4分值比重分值比重：1010%4分值比重分值比重：1010%什么叫英语的立论文什么叫英语的立论文The best topic / title of this passage is _.A. 作者作者提出电提出电影影院太脏院太脏作者影作者影B. 作者指出电影院太乱作者指出电影院太乱C.作者分析电影院门票太贵作者分析电影院门票太贵C 作者分析电影院门票太贵作者分析电影院门票太贵D. 作者总结得出电影院脏，乱，贵作者总结得出电影

4、院脏，乱，贵What is the main idea of the passage?What is the main idea of the passage?A. 肮脏的电影院肮脏的电影院B 电影院的恶劣环境电影院的恶劣环境B. 电影院的恶劣环境电影院的恶劣环境C. 娱乐业的下滑娱乐业的下滑D 远离电影院远离电影院D. 远离电影院远离电影院11)When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of

5、 the list. Music is nice, p,y,people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority (优先优先). This view is shortsighted In fact music education is beneficial and important for all studentsshortsighted. In fact, music education is b

6、eneficial and important for all students.2)Music tells us who we are.3)Music provides a kind of perception (感知感知) that cannot be acquired any other way.4)The arts are forms of5)Science and technology do not tell5)Science and technology do not tell6)So music education is far more necessary than peopl

7、e seem to realize.（京京）3. What is the main idea of the passage?（北北京京D-71）A. Music education deserves more attention. B. Music should be of top education priority.B. Music should be of top education priority. C. Music is an effective communication tool. D. Music education makes students more imaginati

8、ve. (北京朝阳一模北京朝阳一模C）Sih Sd Wld Whhbb idSince the Second World War，there has been an obvious trend，especially among the growing group of college students，toward early marriage Many youths begin dating in the first stage ofearly marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stage of adolescence, go s

9、teady through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there pq,is much shaking of graying heads over the unacceptable ways of youth. However, emotional (情感的）情感的）maturity does not grow with age； it does not arrive automatically at twenty -one or twen

10、ty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even in three score years and tenthree-score years and ten.Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life but also from their own personal problems ofunsatisfying home life, but also from their own

11、personal problems of loneliness. However, any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solvesprove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one s problems ； more often，it merely worsens them. What s more，it is d

12、oubtful whether the home is able to carry all that the young are seeking； they might abandon one idol(幻像）幻像）only to have another. Young people correctly understand that their parents arerong in belie ing that s ccess is the most important in lifeb tare wrong in believing that success is the most imp

13、ortant in life，but they themselves are wrong in believing that they have found the true cen ter of life s meaning. Their expectations of marriage arecen ter of life s meaning. Their expectations of marriage are basically unrealistic and therefore can not be met. They want too much, and tragic disill

14、usionment(幻想破灭）幻想破灭）is often likely to follow.Shall we, then, join the chorus of those against early marriages? One cannot generalize： all early marriages are bad and all later ones are goodcannot generalize： all early marriages are bad and all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determi

15、ned not by how old one is, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judgedemotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own benefits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few false expectatio

16、ns，and if it is economically workable，why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.266. What s the main idea of the passage?AYlf iliilfdi illiA.Young people，s failure in marriage results from disillusionment.B.Young people shouldn t have many expectations for marria

17、ge.C.Successful marriages depend on emotional maturity.D.Home is the place where you get rid of loneliness.(北京朝阳一模北京朝阳一模C）Since the Second World War，there has been an obvious trendespecially among the growing group of college studentsobvious trend，especially among the growing group of college studen

18、ts，toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stage of adolescence, go steady through high school, and marry before theiradolescence, go steady through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much shaking of graying heads

19、over the unacceptable ways of youth. However, emotional (情感的）情感的）maturity does not grow with age； it does not arrive automatically at twenty -one or twenty-five. Some achieve it i illhilthdithdsurprisingly early, while others never do, even in three-score years and ten.Shall we, then, join the choru

20、s of those against early marriages? One tlilllib dd ll l tcannot generalize： all early marriages are bad and all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by how old one is, but by the emotional maturity of the partners Therefore each case must beby the emotional maturity of the

21、 partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own benefits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few false expectations，and if it is yp，economically workable，why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.Successful mar

22、riages depend on emotional maturity.(湖北高考湖北高考)阅读理解阅读理解1 Th thlit Witht itld t hbbl t1.The technology is great. Without it we wouldnt have been able to put a man on the moon, explore the oceans depths or eat microwave sausages Computers have revolutionized our lives and they have thesausages. Compute

23、rs have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge. But sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.p32.Every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients whove come into their surgery waving an Internet print out convinced thatcome i

24、nto their surgery waving an Internet print-out, convinced that they have some rare incurable disease, say, throat cancer. The truth is usually far more ordinary, though: they dont have throat cancer, andusually far more ordinary, though: they don t have throat cancer, and its just that their throats

25、 are swollen. Being a graduate of the Internet “school” of medicine does not guarantee accurate self-health-checks.3.One day Mrs. Almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work. While I took her blood sample and tried to find out what was wrong, hidll“I kh tIt thtI kshe said calmly, “I know

26、whats wrong; Ive got throat cancer. I know theres nothing you doctors can do about it and Ive just got to wait until the day comes ”until the day comes.4.As a matter of routine I ordered a chest X-ray. I looked at it and the blood results an hour later Something wasnt right “Did yourthe blood result

27、s an hour later. Something wasnt right. “Did your local doctor do an X-ray?” I asked. “Oh, I havent been to the doctor for years,” she replied. “I read about it on a website and thefor years, she replied. I read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted, so I knew thats what I had.”5.However, so

28、me of her symptoms, like the severe cough and weight loss, didnt fit with itbut shed just ignored this.6.I looked at the X-ray again, and more tests confirmed it wasnt the b t t bli (肺结核肺结核)thith ttt i l didcancer but tuberculosis (肺结核肺结核)something that most certainly did need treating, and could be

29、 deadly. She was lucky we caught it when we didwe did.7.Mrs. Almond went pale when I explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fullytreatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered. It was certainly a lesson for her. “Im so emb

30、arrassed,” she said, shaking her head, as I explained that all the people she hadshe said, shaking her head, as I explained that all the people she had come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested. She listed up to about 20, and then I went to my office to type up my notes. Une

31、xpectedly, the computer was not working, so I had to wait until someone from the IT department came to fix it. Typical. Maybe I hld hihil Iit d?I should have a microwave sausage while I waited?66. By mentioning the breakdown of the computer, the author probably wants to provewants to prove _.A. its

32、a must to take a break at workB. its vital to believe in IT professionalsB. it s vital to believe in IT professionalsC. its unwise to simply rely on technologyD. its a danger to work long hours on computers4选自北京海淀二模选自北京海淀二模C篇阅读篇阅读1 Thl lk fihliid1.The early lack of exposure to science ，technology，en

33、gineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别）性别）balance in these fields It begins when we are young and continuesbalance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.2.While at home，girls generally dont get to experience the

34、 level of ，ggygpexposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do. It is often subtle ，but its the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women. Boys ，on the other hand, get on their path ，and are encouraged to do so， generally earlier than girls. For exampleboys are mor

35、e often given science sets as toyswhich sparkexample ，boys are more often given science sets as toys ，which spark an interest in these subjects.3.In school boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math and science classes So if we want to attract the best and brightest mindsand science cla

36、sses. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people a country，and a planet，we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannotwe can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider oppor

37、tunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths，they are highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.4.Our bias(偏见偏见)toward girlseither from families or from schools ，is so t d iltth tftdtiit Althh throoted in our culture that we often dont even

38、recognize it. Although the situation Has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years，there is still a sense that girls arent as good at math for instance even though there issense that girls aren t as good at math for instance even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.5.It is i

39、mportant that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose abefore young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them， we are limiting the potentials of our youth

40、，both male and female. Providing thethe potentials of our youth，both male and female. Providing the necessary resources， exposure ,and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldnt determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them

41、less feminine.现象现象议论段议论段议论段议论段中心论点中心论点5The main purpose of the passage is to_. Ashow womens potentials in STEM fieldsBpraise womens contributions to STEM fieldsCdescribe the present gender bias in STEM fieldsDll filt fiSTEM fi ldDcall for more involvement of women in STEM fields(上海高考上海高考D)1.Many exp

42、erts complain that media too often take advantage of the science fiction(幻想幻想) aspects of nanotechnology (纳米技术纳米技术). Reports of nanotechnology often refer to K Eric Drexlers book Engines ofnanotechnology often refer to K. Eric Drexler s book Engines of Creations, which predicts an age full of domina

43、nt molecular (分子的分子的) manufacturing and a world without material scarcity. Whatever gyhumans need will one day be built cheaply with microscopic self-replicating machines (微细自我复制机微细自我复制机) that put atoms together to create copies of anything alive in the world-from trees to human bodies.2.In fact, th

44、e scientific community is deeply divided over whether self-replicating machines are possible If they are major dangers could existreplicating machines are possible. If they are, major dangers could exist. Mr. Drexler himself thought that self-replicating machines could probably go out of control He

45、writes in his book that man-madeprobably go out of control He writes in his book that man made plants with leaves no more efficient than todays solar ceils could win over real plants, crowding the earth with leaves that are not suitable to be eaten. Tough bacteria could be more competitive than the

46、real bacteria: They could spread everywhere, replicate swiftly, and reduce thth t dt ittf dthe earth to dust in a matter of days.3. Critics of nanotechnology have made use of such images, calling for a delay on commercial nanotechnology until regulations are establisheddelay on commercial nanotechno

47、logy until regulations are established. They also point to the possible military(军事的军事的) uses of nanotechnology. Bill Joy, the co-founder of Sun Microsystems, wrote in a Wired magazineBill Joy, the co founder of Sun Microsystems, wrote in a Wired magazine essay in 2000 that if nanotechnology falls i

48、nto the wrong hands, it could bring dangers to society.4. Opponents (反对者反对者) say Mr. Joy is overreacting. In a way, calling for bans(禁止禁止) on research into molecular manufacturing is like calling for a d lftthli ht tl bi d iit Gldelay on faster-than-light travel because no one is doing it, says Glen

49、n Reynolds, a University of Tennessee law professor.65.Professor Reynolds says it is a good idea to regulate nanotechnology, but in ways the government would regulate any products that could bebut in ways the government would regulate any products that could be dangerous. Export controls and certifi

50、cation systems for nanotechnology companies are examples. US lawmakers have put forth four bills(法令法令)companies are examples. US lawmakers have put forth four bills(法令法令) on nanotechnology research and development.89.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?the