2022年最全的人教版七年级英语语法总结,推荐文档 3.pdf
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1、七年级语法总结1、目前所学的动词的形式有4 种:动词原形;如: do;have;like 动词的单三式(常在动词原形后加s) ;如: get-gets 动词不定式( to+动词原形);如: meet-to meet 动词 ing 式(动词原形后加ing)如: look-looking 2、表示征求意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语Would you like +to+动词原形 ? (你想要 吗?)How about+动词 ing ?(怎么样? 好不好?)What about +动词 ing? (怎么样? 好不好?)Why not +动词原形 ? (为什么不 呢?)Why dont you + 动词原形?
2、(你为什么不 呢?)Let s +动词原形 .(让我们 吧。 )表示同意、答应: Yes,I d like to./Oh,Id love to.All right/OK.Great!Sure.Good idea!Thanks.I ll be glad to Thanks.That would be very nice. I d like that.表示不同意、拒绝: No,thanks.Sorry,I cant.I d like to.But Im afraid I cant/I have no time.3、目前学过的情态动词有can, may,could,would 和 will 等五个。
3、学好情态动词必须把握三个用法:后必须跟动词原形;没有三单式(其后不能加s) ;可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句;可以在情态动词后面加上not 构成否定句。4、目前学过的后跟动词不定式(to+动词原形)的有:would like to+动词原形(想要做某事) ; want to+动词原形(想要做某事) ; forget to+动词原形(忘记要做某事); like to +动词原形(喜欢做某事); love to +动词原形(喜欢做某事)ask sb. to + 动词原形 .(请/叫某人做某事)tell sb. to +动词原形 .(告诉 /叫某人做某事)would like sb. to +动词
4、原形 .(想叫某人做某事)want sb. to +动词原形 .(想叫某人做某事)have to + 动词原形(必须 /不得不做某事)Nice/Glad/happy to +动词原形(很高兴做某事)如:Nice to meet you. I m glad to be here.5、目前学过的后跟动词原形的有:情态动词: can,may,could,would,will 后;助动词 do,dont,does,doesn t后(does,doesnt一出现,三单式要滚蛋) ;动词 please( 请)后:如: Please tell him about the picnic. 短语 Why not
5、/Why dont you 后;动词 let 后;如: Let Jane help you. Let s go home. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 动词 help后,也可带 to;如:Lets help Maria (to) carry water.祈使句以动词原形开头 ,如:Have a seat , please. 请坐下。6、目前学过的后跟动词ing 的有:Be动词后的动词;如: Are you
6、kidding ? Im just looking . This is Michael speaking . 所有的介词后;已学过的介词有:at,for,about,in,on,from,of,to,with,after 等。如:What about +动词 ing? Whatabout flying a kite with me ? How about +动词 ing? How about going fishing this Sunday? It s time for going home=It s time to go home.Thank you for helping me=Than
7、k you for your help. go +动词 inggo fishing 去钓鱼 ; go shopping去购物do some shopping购物like/love +动词 ing (喜欢做某事)7、有单复数变化的词名词(1) 名词单数变复数的方法1)大部分在词尾加s.如:dog-dogs 2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的加 es. 如:class-classes bus-buses glass-glasses box-boxes watch-watches(手表 ) fish-fishes 3)以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的,变y 为 i,加 es. baby-ba
8、bies(婴儿) family-families(家庭 ) study-studies(书房) fly-flies( 蝇子 ) 注意: boy -boys play-plays toy-toys way-ways monkey-monkeys4)以 f, fe 结尾的,变f, fe 为 v,加 es. half-halves( 一半)knife-knives( 小刀)yourself( 你自己 )-yourselves( 你们自己 ) (2) 特殊变化的词1) a 变 e: manmen(男子 ) womanwomen(女子 ) snowman-snowmen( 雪人 ) Englishman
9、- Englishmen( 英国人 ) Englishwoman-Englishwomen( 英国妇女 ) 2) o 变 e:foot-feet( 脚) tooth-teeth( 牙齿) 3) 单复数同形:Chinese-Chinese(中国人 ) fish-fish( 鱼) yuan-yuan(人民币元 ) 4) mousemice (老鼠) child children( 儿童 ) 5)合成词中一般变后面的词:apple tree-apple trees(苹果树 ) 但下列需前后都变:man teacher-men teachers(男教师)woman doctor-women docto
10、rs( 女医生 ) 6)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people(人们)police(警察们)本身就是复数, family 指 “全家人” 时,本身也是复数, 它们都不能加s. 如:The Chinese 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - people are very kind.中国人民都很友好。Kangkang s family are all tall and thin. 康康全家人都又高又
11、瘦。be 动词:单数 am, is; 复数 are 行为动词:复数:动词原形单数:在行为动词后加s或 es(即动词的三单式) 。 如:Maria likes milk. (likes 是三单式,为单数)Maria and Jane like milk. (like 是动词原形,为复数)指示代词单数: this 这个that 那个复数: these这些those 那些8名词 s所有格单数名词后直接加“ s ” :Jims coat 吉姆的外套Jeffs mother 杰夫的妈妈以 s结尾的复数名词,只加“”Teachers Day 教师节the twins books 双胞胎的书不以 s 结尾的
12、不规则的名词复数,加“s ”Children s Day 儿童节mens shoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加s Lucy and Lily s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈) 表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加s Lucy s and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)9、人称代词和物主代词表人称代词主格I we you he she it they 宾格me us you him her it them 中文我我们你,你们他她它他们物主代词形容词性my our your his her its their 名词性m
13、ine ours yours his hers its theirs 中文我的我们的你的 ;你们的他的她的它的他们的用法:人称代词主格:作主语,常放在句首;人称代词宾格:作宾语,放在动词和介词后;形容词性物主代词:后有名词时,用形容词性;(有名则形)名词性物主代词:后无名词时,用名词性。(无名则名)10.句子的成分主语:是句子要说明的人和物,是动作的发出者,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。主语由名词 ,代词担任。谓语:说明主语的动作。只有动词才作谓语,一般放在主语之后。宾语:是动作的接受者。放在动词或介词后。由名词,代词担任。如:名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - -
14、 - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - Michael often looks after his sister at home on Sunday. 主语谓语宾语11. 三单问题总则:主语是第三人称单数时,动词(谓语)要用三单式。如: He gets up at six 。 由于主语He是第三人称单数,动词get 后要 s, 即 gets 是三单式。可以作第三人称单数主语(三单主语)的有:(1)he, she,it;(2)单个的人;单个的物。动词三单式的构成 (1)特殊的: beis
15、 havehas (2)有规律的: 1)大部分在词尾加s; 如: getgets take-takes needneeds know knows 2) 以 s, x,ch, sh,o 结尾的加 es; 如:guessguesses( 猜) watch-watches(看) teach teaches( 教) fishfishes(钓鱼 ) gogoes( 去) do does 3) 以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的 , 变 y 为 i ,加 es. 如:study studies(学习 ) flyflies(飞,放 ) carry carries(提) worryworries(担心) 注意: bu
16、ybuys saysays playplays 12.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词的用法意思用法例句who 谁问人的身份, 姓名等He is LiLie Who is he ?He is my brother.Who is he ? whom 谁问人的身份, 姓名等(问宾语)I can ask him the question. Whom can you ask the question? what 什么问 人 的 职 业 或事物是什么He is a worker.What is he? He has a book. What does he have ? which 哪一个问 一 定 范 围 内特指
17、的人或物The big box is mine. Which box is yours? The girl at the door is Ann. Which girl is Ann?whose 谁的问所属关系This is her book.Whose book is this ? This book is hers. what color 什么颜色问颜色(表语)My skirt is red. What color is your skirt? What time 几点问点时间We play games at five in the afternoon ? What time do you
18、 play games? when 什么时候问时间We play games in the afternoon ? When do you play games? where 什么地方问地点(状语)We play games at home on Sunday。Where do you play games on Sunday? why 为什么问原因He isnt at school today because he is ill . Why isnt he at school today ? how 怎样问健康状况、做事的方式等He is fine/strong. How is he ? I
19、 go home by bike . How do you go home? how old 多大几岁问年龄He is ten.How old is he ? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - how many 多少跟复数名词,问数量There are thirtyboys in my class. How many boys are there in your class? how much 多少跟不可数名词问
20、数量或价钱There is some milk in the bottle. How much milk is there in the bottle? how far 多远问路程Its five kilometers away from here How far is it from here? how soon 多久问 in+一段时间He can finish it in half an hour.How soon can he finish it ? how long 多久问一段时间,问物体的长短He has lived here for a year.How long has he l
21、ived here? The desk is one meters long. How long is the desk ?how often 多久(一次)问频率I go to see my parents once a month . How often do you go to see your parents? 对画线部分提问,除了要注意选择正确的疑问词外,还要注意语序的运用。1、 对句子的主语提问,其语序是:疑问词 +谓语 +其他成分? (整个句子是陈述句语序)Sheis their teacher. Whoistheir teacher? 主语谓语主语谓语2、对句子 主语的定语 部分
22、提问,其语序是:疑问词 +主语(即定语所修饰的名词)+ 谓语 +其他成分? (整个句子是陈述句语序)Mybook is over there. Whosebook is over there ? 主语的定语主语谓语疑问词主语谓语以上两点方法都是:用正确的疑问词代替画线部分,再把句号改为问号,其余部分一般不做改变3对表语或宾语的定语 部分提问,其语序是:疑问词 +表语或宾语(画线部分所修饰的名词)+一般疑问句 (省略画线部分和它所修饰的名词)Im looking for mywatch. Whosewatch are you looking for ? 宾语的定语宾语疑问词宾语一般疑问句 (省略
23、掉 my watch)4、对 表语、宾语或状语提问,其语序是:疑问词 + 一般疑问句(省略掉画线部分)?He lives in Beijing . Wheredoes he live ? 状语疑问词一般疑问句 (省略掉画线部分in Beijing )5、对 谓语和宾语 提问,其语序是:疑问词 (What)+ 一般疑问句 (其中谓语动词要用do 的相对应形式 代替 , 省略掉宾语 )He watches TVin the evening What does he do in the evening? He watched TV yesterday evening. What did he do
24、in the evening? He is watching TV now. What ishe doing now? 否定句 :;含有否定词not 或 no 的句子。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 改 否 定句 的 方法 : 先加后借在 句中 找到Be动词 ( am, is, are) 或情 态动 词(can,may,could,would,will ) ,在它后面加not;找不到以上词时,借don t 或
25、doesn t,放在动词前。注意: 句子是三单主语时,借doesn t;不是三单主语时,借do. 并且: doesn t 一出现,三单式要滚蛋。13、冠词的用法a /an 不定冠词,表示“一个” ,放在单数名词前,指不确定的某一个; a 用在元音前(不是元音字母) ; an 用在辅音前(不是辅音字母) 。 如: (1) an English boy,an apple,an orange, an egg , an eraser, an old monkey, (2) an hour 一个小时half an hour 半小时(hour 中 h 不发音)(3) a “ d” (一个 d), an “
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