2022年高考英语情态动词讲解 .pdf
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1、名师精编欢迎下载(一)情态动词常考点(一)表能力canbe able towill be able tocouldwas/ were able tocould have + 表示现在的能力:表示将来的能力表示过去的能力过去分词:表示过去有能力做但未做如: I am starving to death。I can eat two bowls of rice now 。(现在的能力)我快饿死了,现在我能吃两碗米饭。If you have a good sleep,you will be able to work out this problem 。(将来的能力)如果你好好睡一觉,你将能够解出这道题
2、。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out。(过去有能力做并且成功的做了某事)尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆,但是每个人都能够逃出去。I could have worked out the problem,but I didn t。(过去有能力做但未做)我本来可以解决这个问题,但没有解决。(二)表推测(可能性)1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的(理论的)可能性即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生,此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can
3、可用于肯定句中表示客观的(理论的)可能性,而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,can一般不用于肯定句。如:Accident can happen on such rainy days。这样的多雨天气有可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性)Peter may come with us tonight ,but he isn t sure yet。彼得今晚可能和我们来,但他还没确定。(实际可能性,不用can)2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性:(1)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较词形肯定式否定式疑问式must 必定,必然/ / will 很可能,大概不会,不该会吗?would 可能性比will 小语
4、气比 won t 弱语气比 will 弱should 说话者有较大的试探性/ / ought to 说话者有较大的试探性(含义同should)/ / can / 不可能有可能吗?could 可疑的可能不可能语气比 can 弱may 或许,也许,也未可知,也说不定可能不/ might 比 may 还弱比 may not 还弱/ (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,may,must 常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句(may not 表示“可能不”) ;can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思;could 既可用于肯定句,又可用于否定句、疑问句中。如:This ca
5、n t/ couldn t be done by him。 (表不相信)这不可能是他做的。This may not be done by him。 (表不确定)这可能不是他做的。He could be on his way home now 。 (could 不如 may/ might 常用)他现在可能在回家的路上。Can this be done by him?(表示疑惑、惊讶)这可能是他做的吗?Mr. Bush is on time for everything 。How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?(表示疑惑、
6、惊讶)布什先生做每件事都很按时。他怎么可能在开幕仪式上迟到呢?I didn t hear the phone。I must have been asleep 。 (表肯定)我没听到电话。我肯定已经睡着了。3.would,could ,might 并不一定与过去时间有关,而是表示可能性弱于他们相应的现在时形式。另外should 也不一定与过去时间有关。如:This may/ might be done by him。 (后者比前者语气弱)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页名师精编欢迎下载这件事有可能是他干的。4.sho
7、uld/ ought to 表推测时,表示说话者有较大的试探性。如:He ought to/ should be here on timehe started early enough。他应该按时到这里他出发的够早的。We should arrive before dark 。我们按说能在天黑前到达。The roads should be less crowded today。今天路上应该不至于那么拥挤了。(三)表请求、允许、允诺1.当对方是决策者时,你代表你(们)自己(I,we)或代表第三者(he,she,they)向对方( you)请示或提出建议时用:Shall I( we)? Shall
8、 he/ she/ they? Would/ Will you ?如:Shall we begin our class?Shall the driver wait outside ?When shall my father be able to leave hospital?Would you do me a favor?2.could/ might/ would/ should表委婉语气的功能。如:Could/ Might I use your bike tomorrow morning ?Yes, you can/ may。 (否定: No,I m afraid not 。 )不可以说,
9、Yes,you could/ might 。回答允许时,用could/ might 表委婉是不恰当的。如:Could I borrow your dictionary ?Yes, of course you can。3.当你自己( I)是决策者, 给对方 (you)或第三者( he,she,they)以命令、警告、允诺或威胁时,要用 shall。此外,当宣布法律、规定时,也要用shall。如:You shall leave the room at once,and he also shall。 (= I order you and him to leave the room at once 。
10、 )你马上给我滚出去!他也一样。(说话者的意志)It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected 。通知称在所有试卷收上来之前,应试者必须留在座位那里。(规则或规定)(四)表必要性1.must 常用来表示必要性,意为“必须”。表示现在或将来必须做某事用“must + 动词原形”;表示现在或将来不必做某事时,用don t have to do sth. 或 don t need to do sth. 或 needn t do sth.
11、;表示过去没必要做某事时,分为以下情况: 当表示过去没必要做某事,但事实上却做了,用 needn t have done sth.;当表示过去没必要做某事,而不涉及是否已经做了,可用 didn t have to do sth. 或 didn t need to do sth. 或 It was not necessary to do sth.等。如:You needn t have worded that late last night 。It was harmful to your health 。你昨晚本不必工作到那么晚,那对你的身体不好。Did you work very late l
12、ast night ?No, I didn t。I didn t need to work very late 。您昨天晚上工作到很晚了吗?不是很晚,我没必要工作到很晚。2.should 也可以表示必要性,意为“ (义务上) 应该”。should 表必要性时, 在语气上比must(必须) 弱。 “should + 动词原形”表示现在或将来应该做某事(的必要性); “should + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事(的必要性) 。如:I should go and visit him this afternoon , but I wonder if I will be free。今天
13、下午我应该去看望他,但我不知道我是否有空。(表示将来的必要性)You should have come to the conference yesterday。What was the reason for your absence?你昨天应该参加那个会议。你缺席的原因的是什么?(表示过去的必要性)(五)“情态动词+ have done”用法一览表(六)情态动词+ 完成式意义例句must have done “想必 /准是 /一定做了某事” ,否定式为can t/ couldn t have done It must have rained last night ,for the road i
14、s quite muddy 。The lights were off 。 They must have been asleep。can/ could have done “本来能够”“过去可能会”Can he have gone to his aunt s?You could have come 5 minutes earlier。can/ could not have “过去不可能”I saw Mr. Wang just now 。 He 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页名师精编欢迎下载done “过去没能”co
15、uldn t have gone to Beijng 。may/ might have done “也许 /或许已经” 。一般只用于肯定句和否定句中(在否定句中表示 “可能不”) ,不用于疑问句。用 might 则表示语气更加不肯定。It s too late。I think he may have gone to bed。He may not have finishedthe work 。She might have caught a cold。should/ ought to have done “本该做某事,而实际上未做”You should have come to the meeti
16、ng earlier。You ought to have done this exercise more carefully 。shouldn t/ ought not to have done “本不该做而做了某事”You shouldn t have told her the truth。needn t have done 表示 “做了本来不必去做的事”。注意:didn t need to do 表示“没必要做并且实际上也没有做某事” 。You needn t have taken a taxi here,for it was very near to my house 。I didn t
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