2022高考英语 黄金易错点专题汇编 专题07 非谓语动词.doc

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1、2014高考英语 黄金易错点专题汇编 专题07 非谓语动词1. I think youll grow him when you know him better.A.liking B.to be like C.to like D.to be liking2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. The answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having3. The flowers sweet in the botanic gard

2、en attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt4. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked5. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents .A.worri

3、ed B.to worry C.worrying D.worry6._in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing7. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed8. The news reporters hurri

4、ed to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told9. The old man,_ abroad for twenty, years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked10. You were silly not _ your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. lock

5、ing D. having locked11. from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated12. When asked by the police, he said that he remember_at the party

6、, but not _A. to arrived; leaving B. to arrived; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave13. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take14. Having been iii in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time_t

7、he exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing15. He looked around and caught a man_ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting16. the program, they have to stay there for another two week.A. Not completed B. Not completing C. Not having completed D. Havin

8、g not completed17.Victor apologized for _ to in form me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able【正确解答】 C2.【错误解答】 A或B【易错点点睛】 根据语境选用非谓语动词来充当主语。动名词做主语表示一般的行为动作而不定式做主语则表示具体的。动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动

9、词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。显然，这里不符合完成式的含义。【正确解答】 D【正确解答】 B16. 【错误解答】A易错起源1、非谓语动词类别和句法功能 例1 The repair cost a lot, but its money well . A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending【错误解答】 C【易错点点睛】 前文意为:修理花了很多钱。表明动作已经发生，过去分词作定有完成被动的含义。【正确解答】 B非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项:不定式1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时exceptbut意为“除

10、了，除去”。其主要搭配有:can but + 动词原形;只能、只得cannot help(choose)but + 动词原形:不能不do nothing but + 动词原形:只做There is nothing to do but + 动词原形: 只有做 have no choice but to do:只有做例如:The last bus having gone, I could do nothing but go home on foot. (省略 to)I cannot choose but tell him the truth. (省略 to)She could do nothing

11、 but leave. (省略 to)I have no choice but to cry. (不能省略to)2.不定式在使役动词have，let，make以及感官动词see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear， listen to，feel后的宾补，不定式符号要省略，但这些句子变为被动结构时，就必须带符号to.例如:I often hear him sing this song. He is often heard to sing this song.I saw them play in the park. They were seen to play in

12、 the park.3.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的介词。但名词way，place，way除外。例如: He is not a man to tell lies. ( 主谓关系 ) There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. ( 动宾关系 ) Here is some paper for you to write on.The boy has a nice pen to write wit

13、h.We found a way to solve this problem (in).通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有:ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，time等。例如: During my holidqy I borrowed some books to read.(表将来)She was the first wom

14、an to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (有序数词修饰)I have no chance to escape. (修饰抽象名词)Do you have the ability to read French? (修饰抽象名词)4.不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的时可用in order to，so as to换用；表示条件时，一般把表示条件的动词不定式置于句首，句中的谓语动词常含有will，shall，should， would，can，must，could等情态动词。例如:He sat down to have a re

15、st. (表目的 )He woke up to find everybody gone. (表结果)Im very pleased to hear from him. (表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐)To look at him, you cant help laughing. (表条件，谓语动词含有can)He was too excited not to say a word. (表程度)He is old enough to go to school. (表程度)过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别:这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或

16、是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。例如:The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (将要修建的)The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的)The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己经修建了的)Have you read the

17、 novel written by Dickens?He is a teacher loved anti respected by all students. (没有时间性)Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men. (表正在)The question to be discussed at the Sunday meeting is very important. (表将来)在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示

18、”感到”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如:interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的exciting令人感到激动的excited感到激动的shocking令人感到震惊的shocked感到震惊的过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别:1.感官动词(see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役动词(have，let，make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意:make不能接现在分词作

19、宾补。例如:I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now. (表示主动，完成) I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night. (表示正在进行)I heard the Chinese song sung many times. (表示被动)The captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the front after a short rest. ( 不能用make)I looked down at my neck

20、and found my necklace gone. (表示状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot. (表示完成)2.动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使处于某种状态”。例如:It is wrong for you to leave the machine running. (主动，正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched. ( 被动，完成)My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work. (

21、主动，将来)My workmate left, leaving all the rest work to be done. (被动，将来)过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别:1.一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。例如:Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a man.Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.2.现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。例如:Being helped by the teacher,

22、she will learn English well.Helped by the teacher, she has learned English well.3.现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词动作发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。例如:Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended. Used in this way，the word shouldnt be taken as a verb. Given more time, we

23、will finish the work perfectly.独立主格结构分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子的主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构形式。独立主格结构是分词短语意义上的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来充当，放在分词之前。因为没有实际的主语和谓语，独立主格结构不是句子，一般放在句首或句末，充当时间、原因、方式等状语。例如:Winter having come, its getting colder and colder.The homework finished,the child went home.His leg badiy

24、hurt,he had to stay in bed.Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.She lay against the wall,the sun shinning upon her.从例句可以看出，独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的人或物，因此，分词前的名词或代词不能省略。独立主格结构也可以由“withwithout + 名词或代词 + 分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成。例如:The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth opon.With his par

25、ents away, the boy became naughtier.The teacher came into the classroom,with a book in her hand ( = book in hand).She sat still, with her eyes closed. ( 被动,状态)She sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling. (主动,正在)With you to help me , I could do it better. (主动，将来)With a lot of problems settled

26、 , the mayor went to have a holiday. (被动，完成)With a lot of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time. (被动,将来)垂悬分词作状语垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。例如:Searching along the street, it had taken him along time to find a clinic. ( searching 的逻辑主语是句中him 所指的人)Walking or sleeping

27、, this subject is always in my mind. (walking or sleeping 的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”)Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. ( using 的逻辑主语泛指“我们”)易错起源2、非谓语动词的时态和语态 例2Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to

28、leave C. to have been left D. to be left动词不定式的时态和语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用不定式的被动语态，形式有一般式和完成式(进行式没有被动式)。例如：Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again(hear from和his father之间是被动关系)The book is sid to have been tramlated into many languages(translate和the book之间是被动关系)注意：不定式中使用主动代替被动的情况：(1)

29、不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如: I havent got a key to unlock the door.(to unlock the door的逻辑主语是a key)(2)不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如:I havent got a book to read(I为不定式的逻辑主语，a book为不定式的逻辑宾语)(3)不定式作宾语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动，实际上形容词后省略了for one或for people。例如：The book is

30、 difficult (for me) to understand.He is hard ( for me) to work with.(4)在there be结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身必须完成时，用被动。例如: There is a lot of to be done. (工作被作)There is a lot of to do. (需要人去做)动名词的时态和语态动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。如果动名词的逻辑这样是动名词动作的承受者，

31、这时用动名词的被动式。例如:We are interested in playing chess. (同时)She is looking forward to hearing from you again. (之后)Im sorry for not having kept my promise. (之前) The little boy was afraid of being left at home alone. (被动) The house showed no sign of having been damaged.(之前，被动)易错起源3、非谓语动词的固定搭配 例3What should

32、I do with this passage? _ to the main idea of each paragraph.A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out英语中非谓语动词的固定搭配是因词而定，没有固定的规律。考生只有牢记它们的形式，才能成功破题。1.下列动词或动词短语后面只接动名词作宾语: admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider (考虑) , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind,

33、 miss(错过), practice, risk, resist, suggest, suffer等动词;be used to(习惯于), insist on, cant help(情不自禁) , cant stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, keep on, look forward to, put off, devote to,stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy (in) , get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult/trouble (in),have a

34、good/wonderful/hard time (in)等动词组。 2.下列动词或动词短语后面能接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forgetrememberregret to do忘记记住后悔去做某事forgetrememberregret doing忘记记得后悔已经做过某事stop to do停下来接着做另一件事stop doing停止做一件事mean to do意欲、企图做某事mean doing意味着做某事go on to do做完某事接着做另一件事go on doing继续做同一件事try to do努力、试图做某事try doing尝试着做某事 3.有些短语作状语是固定结构

35、: judging from, generally/ frankly/ honestly/ strictly speaking, considering (that). (考虑到), supposing/ providing (that). (假如),seeing ( that ). (既然,由于) , to tell you the truth, to make things worse,to begin with (首先，第一)。例如:Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.Tuning to the left, he saw a

36、bus passing.Considering everything, he did a good job.Seeing (that) she is lawfully old enough to get married, I dont see how you can stop her.易错起源4、 非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式例4I really cant understand _ her like that.A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating非谓语动词的逻辑主语也就是非谓语动词的动作执行者。在不定式中，

37、逻辑主语是of或for的 介词宾语，或是句子的主语，或是句子的宾语。例如:It is important for us to work hard.(to work is important.只能用for)It is kind of you to help me to clean the room.(you are kind.只能用of)We want to go with you to have a picnic.Little Tom liked to be taken to the cinema.I want the report to be typed as quickly as poss

38、ible.The manager asked me to type the report as quickly as possible.动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格；作宾语、表语时，其逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词、人称代词、名词的所有格或普通格；无生命名词或有生命的名词表示泛指时，必须用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。例如：Toms coming surprised all of us (主语)His not attending the meeting made the manager very angry.(主语)Would you mind m

39、e/my opening the window?(宾语)They all thought Toms /Tom going there a great mistake.(宾语)Is there any hope of their team winning the game ?(无生命)I have never heard of women landing the moon.(有生命，但表泛指)分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和主句的主语是一致的，如果不同则要用到独立主格结构形式(见上文)。例如:Being a student, you must study hard.When crossing the

40、streets you must be careful.If heated to high temperature, ice can change into water. 1.With the couple in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time.AworkBto workCworkingDworked2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. fin

41、ishing C. having finished D. was finished3. _ to get a seat for the concert, he didnt mind standing in a queue all night.A. Determine B. To be determinedC. Determined D. Being determined4. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailingbut we seem the art of communicating face to face.Alosing Bto

42、 be losing Cto be lost Dhaving lost 5. Principal White has been working in the school for about 20 years, all his energy to teaching and researching as well as the running of a healthy school A. devotedB. devoting C. to devoteD. and devote6. Do you know how much time and effort they devoted _ such a

43、 completed project?A. to completeB. completedC. completingD. to completing7. _ yourself with positive people and you will keep focused on what you can do instead of what you cant.A. Surrounding B. SurroundedC. Surround D. Having surrounded8. With so many things _, I have to work late into the nightA

44、to deal with Bdealt with Cdealing with Dbeing dealt with9. not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerousABeing reminded BTo remind CHaving reminded DReminded 10 If you are the last student _ the room, remember to turn off the lights.A. leavingB. to

45、leave C. left D. leaves11. There is a great deal of evidence_ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicate D. indicated12.Generally speaking, prices of daily goods _ through the Internet are lower than store pricesAto buyBare bought Cbuying Dbought13