现在分词与动名词的区别ppt课件.ppt

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1、o 不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)和分词(participle) o 不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等， o 分词起形容词和副词作用，可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语，但不能做主语和宾语， 不定式o 1.不定式作主语(subject)时To help others is our duty.To speak good English is not easy.注：可将it形式主语放在主语的位置，把动词不定式放在句尾。Its necessary for us to meet again.Its a good idea to draw the fish.宾

2、语（object)o2.不定式常常用作某些动词的宾语，如：afford，agree，ask，attempt，beg，begin，bother，care，choose，claim，consent，decide，demand，desire，endeavor，expect，fail，fear，hate，help，hesitate，hinder，hope，intend，learn，manage，neglect，offer，plan，pledge，prefer，prepare，pretend，refuse，resolve，start，threaten，undertake，venture，voluntee

3、r，wantooI hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. oThe car repairer began to check my car engine. oThe little girl pretended to be asleep when her mother entered the room.o “疑问词 + 动词不定式”作宾语: decide，explain，guess，know，inquire，observe，show，teach，tell，understand，wondero I havent decided when to hol

4、d the English Evening. o The farmer showed us how to cut rice.o 在感官动词或使役动词后如feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，overhear，perceive，see，watch，listen to，look at，had better，would rather than ，would sooner than ，rather than，may well do，may as well do，can not but ，can not help but ，以及do but/except do句型

5、,之后to常常被省略，但在它的被动语态中to不能被省略。例如： o I heard the girl sing in the classroom.o The girl is heard to sing in the classroom.o They had nothing to do but stay in the waiting room.o They had no choice but to stay in the waiting room. o o 4.作定语(attributive modifier)时The only way to arrest him is to watch the

6、 papers.o 5.作状语(adverbial modifier)时We come to school to study French.We left home (in order/so as) to catch the first train to London.o 不定式的时态与语态（1）进行时He pretended to be reading a book when I came into the room.完成时He seemed to have forgotten everything.（2）被动式The meeting has to be cancelled because

7、the chairman is ill.（3）否定式He tried hard not to do anything that might hurt her pride.动名词o1.动名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数 Saying is easier than doing. Seeing is believing. o注：It形式主语可放在主语的位置，把动名词放在句尾。It felt funny watching myself on TV.Its no use crying over the spilt milk.(覆水难收) Crying over the spilt milk is no

8、use. o 在there be 句型中作主语 oTheres no getting along with him.(简直无法和他相处)oThere is no telling who will win. 说不上谁会赢。 oThere is no knowing what the weather will be like this evening. 不知道天气会怎样 o 2.表语My favorite sport is skiing.o His job is teaching us English. =Teaching us English is his job. o o His hobby

9、is paintingo = Painting is his hobby 3.宾语o 1）有些动词只能接动名词作宾语 o avoid miss put off/ postpone o 避免 错过 少延期 o suggest finish practice o 建议 完成 多练习 o enjoy imagine cant help o 喜欢 想象 禁不住 o admit deny envy o 承认 否定 与嫉妒 o escape risk excuse o 逃避 冒险 莫原谅 o stand keep mind o 忍受 保持 不介意 o （2）在某些固定词组后跟动名词作宾语 o refer

10、to (参考，谈到) look forward to (盼望) pay attention to (注意到) o stick to (坚持) devote oneself to (奉献给) be used to (习惯于) o get used to (变得习惯于) object to (反对) give up (放弃) o insist on (坚持要) set about (开始着手于) feel like (想做) o succeed in （doing sth） (成功干某事) be worth doing 值得做某事 o （3）有些动词后既可以接动词不定式，也可以接动名词作宾语，表示

11、不同的含义。 o remember / forget to do sth. 记住/ 忘记要做的某事 o remember / forget doing sth. 记住/ 忘记做过某事 o regret to do sth. 因要做或要说什么而抱歉或遗憾 o regrt doing sth. 因做了或说了什么而遗憾或后悔 o （4）在need, want, require 等动词后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动的含义。如果用不定式，必须用被动式，但用动名词的时候较多。 o The windows want cleaning. 窗子需要擦干净。 o The grass needs cutting =

12、 The grass needs to be cut 草坪需要修剪 o (5).作介词宾语时He left without saying goodbye to us.Im looking forward to meeting you.o 4.作定语，它修饰的名词的用途，不存在逻辑上的主谓关系 The university presidents opening speech is encouraging. 动名词的逻辑主语动名词一般表示的是主语的行为或状况，如果表示的不是主语的行为或状况，由名词所有格或物主代词表示其逻辑主语。（Johns）His marrying a village girl

13、surprised all his friends.Mother dislikes my(me) working late. o复合结构oMarys not passing the exam made her mother very angryoThe students knowing English well will help them to learn French. o .动名词的完成时态和被动形式（1）完成时态He was charged with having neglected his duty.（2）被动形式The problem is far from being solve

14、d.The food shows no sign of having been touched.现在分词o 现在分词在句子里可以用作表语、定语、补语、状语。 o 1.表语，描述的是主语的特征，相当于形容形容词，词，故不可与主语互换。 o The day is so charming! 今天天气真好！ o The film is moving and interesting. 这部电影感人而有趣。 o The girl was very amusing. 这女孩很有趣。 o2、作定语、作定语 o现在分词作定语，含有进行和主动的意思。这时，被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上存在着主谓关系。o o（1）

15、现在分词作定语一般表示现在正发生的动作。 oThe man running over there is our chairman = The man who is running over there is our chairman. 正在朝那边跑的那个人是我们的主席。 o（2）现在分词表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 oThe road joining the two villages is very wide. = The road that joins the two villages is very wide. 连接这两个村子的路非常宽。 3.宾补o （1）感官动词接现在分词（v-

16、ing）作宾语补足语的用法 o 感官动词feel, find, hear, smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等接v-ing 形式的宾语补足语表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：o o I felt the house shaking. 我觉得房子在晃动。 o I smell something burning. 我闻到东西烧焦的味。 o （2）使役动词接现在分词（v-ing）作宾补的用法。 o 使役动词如 have, set, get, catch, keep, leave 等接v-ing形式作宾补，表示宾语持续的动作。 o His

17、words set me thinking. 他的话使我深思。 o His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他的信使我感觉很坏。 4.状语o Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy. (= when he heard the news, he jumped with great joy.) o Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. ( = Because he saw nobody at home, he decided to

18、leave them a note.) o The girls came in, following their parents. (= The girls followed their parents and came in.)oThe poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children. (= The old man was so poor that he died leaving nothing to his children. / The poor old man who left nothing to his children die

19、d.)oTraveling by car, we visited many places.o oWorking very hard, he didnt feel a bit tired. (=Though he worked very hard, he didnt feel a bit tired.) oUsing your head, youll have a good idea. ( = If you use your head, youll have a good idea. / Use your head and youll have a good idea.)o 1、时间性。与谓语动

20、词同时发生，用一般式；发生在谓语动词之前，则用完成式having done。 o 2、语态性。与句子主语之间的关系是主谓关系，或动宾关系时，遵循“主动进行，被动完成”的规则。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 Gerund /present participleo 1.定语 o 1）没有逻辑上的主谓关系，被修饰名词的用途时，v-ing为动名词： a swimming pool一个游泳池； a walking stick一根拐棍 o 2）有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示名词本身的动作、行为时，v-ing 为现在分词。o The boy sitting on the sofa is a clas

21、smate of mine.o a speaking boy = a boy who is speaking o 2.表语o 1） 即主语与表语可以互换位置而意思不变时，v-ing 为动名词。如：Her job is looking after the children = Looking after the children is her jobo 2）表语补充说明主语的特征，不可与主语互换。o What he said is very (quite) inspiringo The music is very exciting. 音乐很令人兴奋。 o Give ino Give upo Gi

22、ve awayo Give outo give someone away/give something awayo His strangely shaped feet gave him away.o 他那双形状奇特的脚暴露了他的身份。o give in: cease fighting or arguing; yield; surrendero he reluctantly gave in to the pressure.o 他不情愿地向压力屈服了。o give out: be completely used up/o give something out: distribute or broadcast somethingo Ive been giving out leaflets.o Her energy was on the verge of giving out.o give oneself up (或 over) to:allow oneself to be taken over by (an emotion or addiction)o He gave himself up to pleasure.o Give sth upo Ive decided to give up drinking.