2022年专题情态动词和虚拟语气 .pdf

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1、情态动词和虚拟语气考点荟萃：情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“ 情感、态度、语气等” ；情态动词表示“ 必要性 ” 等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法，以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。考点解读：情态动词表推测的用法情态动词意义语气句式语境例句备注must 一定可能性最大肯定句对具体事实的判断A：Look ，someone is coming. Who can it be? B: It may be our headmaster. A: It can t b

2、e him. He has gone to Shanghai. B: It must be Mr. Wang. He looks like our headmaster. That may not be true. He couldnt have discovered the truth. 对 现 在 的行 为 或 状 态的推测：must/may/might/can/ coulddo 对过去的行 为 或 状 态的推测：must/may/might/can/ could have done may/might(might 可能性小于 may) 可能可能性较小，尤其 might 最不肯定肯定句、否

3、定句(可能不 ) can/could (could 可能性小于 can) 可能疑问句、否定句(不可能 )、 (could有时也用于肯定句 ) 有 时会肯定句should /ought to 应该，理应Its 8 oclock now. He should be in the office now. Hi, Mum! Im on the bus. I should be home in about ten minutes. 常表示在一段时间内可能发生的事或某人的期望。一般句末有时间状语，或有语境暗示。所表示的猜测发生的可能性很大。注意： should (ought to) 表示推测是高考考查的重

4、点和难点。如：When can I come for the photos ？I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12 ：00. Acan B should Cmight D need 二、情态动词的其他用法1can, could, may, might 情态动词意义例句备注can/could 能力I can see some birds flying in the sky. Could the girl read before she went to school? could 表示泛指过去的某一能力。表示过去有能力并且成功地

5、做了某事，通常用was/were able to do，相当于managed to do/succeeded in doing。如： Because he practised hard, he was able to pass the driving test. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - can/could 允许 (有时可与may互换 ) Can/May I have a look at

6、 your photos？can 与 could、may 与 might 不表时态差异，只是语气上的差别，could/might 比 can/may 更委婉。注 意 在 回 答 时 不 能 用could/ might。请求Can/Could you lend me a hand？ Yes, I can. may/might 允 许 或 请求You may take this if you like. May/Might I ask for a photo of your baby ？can 与 could、may 与 might 不表时态差异，只是语气上的差别，could/might 比 ca

7、n/may 更委婉。注 意 在 回 答 时 不 能 用could/ might。2.must, should 情态动词意义例句备注must 必须 We must help each other to overcome the difficulties. Must I finish the work today？No, you neednt/you dont have to./Yes, you must. You mustnt take photos here, and it is forbidden. must 表示主观意志，have to 表示客观。 如：They had to speed

8、up, for the weather turned terrible. Must I/we ？的否定回答不能用mustnt。偏要硬要非要 Why must you always interrupt me？Can I borrow your car, Mum ？If you must. 表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦。should 应 该 ( 常 与ought to 通用) You should be polite to the old. ought to 的 否 定 式 ： ought not to(oughtnt to) ；疑问式 ：Ought to ？竟然It is strange tha

9、t he should react in this way. 表示惊讶、意外等语气。万一Should anyone phone, tell them I will call back later. (If anyone should phone ) If I should go there tomorrow, I would go to see her. 用于 if 从句中强调 “ 万一 ” ，或用于虚拟语气。3. need, dare 情态动词例句注意事项need I neednt go at once. Need you go at once？ Yes， I must. /No, I ne

10、ednt. need可以作实义动词，用于各种句式。 如：I need to go at once.I dont need to go at once. Do you need to go at once？ Yes， I do.need作情态动词常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - dare He darent cross the river. How dare you s

11、ay that to me？dare 和 need一样，既可以作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。如：He didnt dare (to) go out alone at night. (在否定句中to 有时可省略 ) 4.shall/will/would 情态动词意义例句备注shall 表 示 征 询 意见。Shall I help you ？用于第一、第三人称疑问句中。表示说话人的意愿，有“ 命令，允诺，警告， 决心 ” 等意思。You shall do as I say. (命令 ) You shall have

12、the book tomorrow. ( 允诺 ) If you dont get out, I shall knock you down. (警告 ) 用 于 第 二 、 第 三 人称。4.shall/will/would 情态动词意义例句备注will/would 表示意愿I will do everything for you. None is so blind as those who wont see. 表请求Will/ Would you please close the window ？用于疑问句中。would 更委婉表示某种倾向或习惯性动作Fish will die withou

13、t water. Every time she was in trouble ，she would turn to him for help. (would指过去某一段时间的情况，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“ 总是，总会” ，后面只能接动作性的动词。 ) used to 表示与现在的情况相反，表示“ 过去如此而现在不再这样” 。其后既可接表动作的动词，也可接表状态的动词。如： There used to be an apple tree in front of the house. will/would 表示功能 (能，行) If you dont have a pen, a penci

14、l will do.We tried the door again， but it wouldnt open. 与 否 定 词 连用常表示 “ 拒绝 ” 。表示推测(可能、大概 ) This will be the house you are looking for. I would be about ten when my father left home. 情态动词 have done 情态动词意义例句备注名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，

15、共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - must have done；may/might have done；can/could have done 一定 (肯定句 )；可能(肯定句和否定句)； 可能(疑问句和否定句) You cant/couldnt have met my grandmother. She died before you were born. 对 过 去 的 事情的推测might have done; couldhave done； would have done 本来可能做 而未做；本可以做 而未做；本来会做而未做He might have given you

16、more help, even though he was very busy. We could have walked there, and it was so near. 与 过 去 事 实相 反 的 虚 拟表达should/ought to have done 本应该做 而未做Your brother has failed English exam again. You ought to have given him more help. 表示责备neednt have done 本不需要做 但却做了You neednt have wakened me up; I dont have

17、to go to work today. 四、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气在条件句中的用法if 从句主句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反(1) (2) (3 如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。_. 如果我及时做的话，日子就好过多了。_. 注意：(1) 主句中的should 通常用于第一人称，would 可用于任何人称。(2) 条件句中如果动词是be，其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were；在第一、三人称单数的口语中，可用was 代替 were。但在 if I were you 中，不能说成if I was you 。(3) 当条件

18、从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“ 错综条件虚拟语气” 。如：If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。(4) 在条件句中，如果有were, had, should 等，则可省略if ，但应注意把were, had,

19、 should 等提到名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 从句主语之前。如： If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. _ (5) 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如：But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没

20、有空气和水， 地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for 提供了虚拟条件) With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助， 我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语 with your help 充当虚拟条件句) 2 虚拟语气在wish 从句中的用法宾语从句愿望I wish 主语动词过去式现在不能实现的愿望主语 had过去分词过去不能实现的愿望主语 would/might 动词原形将来不能实现的愿望我希望我是个医生就好了。_. I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来 ) I wi

21、sh that he had not made so much fuss about it. 我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去 ) 3 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用(1) 在 insist； command， order； demand， request， require， desire； advise, propose, suggest， recommend等表示 “ 命令、要求、建议” 的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once. He proposed that we (should

22、) deal with the problem by the view of development. (2) 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should 可省略 )。如：我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。_. (3) 在 It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, )that 结构中，主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如：Its required that every student be on time for school. 要求

23、每个学生准时到校。(4) 在 do you suggest/recommend 用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“ should 动词原形 ” 的形式，其中should 可以省略。如：What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy? 你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？(5) 在 Itsnecessary ， essential， important, strange, natural 等形容词that 从句或 Its a pity ， a shame等名词that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用sho

24、uld do。如：It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜._. 4 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法在 as if/though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 表示与过去相

25、反的情况等。其变化与wish 后的宾语从句的变化相同。如：Ive loved you as if you were my relative. 我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。5 虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法(1) Its high time that-从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should动词原形；表示“ 早该 了” ，其中 should 不可省略。如：Its high time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。(2) would rather从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反；用过去完成式，表示与过去的情况相反。如：I would

26、 rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。(3) if only要是 多好啊。如：If only you hadnt offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了。(4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如：May you succeed！祝你成功！Long live the Peoples Republic of China. 中华人民共和国万岁！误区点播：1. 【误】The streets are all dry; it mustnt have rained last night. 【正

27、】2 【误】I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess. 【正】3 【误】He must be very friendly at times. 【正】4 【误】I cant find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday. 【正】5 【误】The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out. 【正】6 【误】Will I open

28、the window for you? 【正】7 【误】The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water. 【正】8 【误】Hadnt they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 【正】Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 【正】9 【误】If only I saw the film yesterday. 【正】实战演练：一。单选题1 Everyone in m

29、y class passed the exam. Oh， really？It _ difficult. Acant have been Bneednt have been Cmust be Dmightnt be 2 2009 安徽卷 Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy ； they _ just 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 10 页 - - -

30、 - - - - - - be quiet people. Amust Bmay Cshould Dwould 3 Why didnt you answer the phone last night? I _ when you called. A had to have slept Bhad to be sleepingCmust have been sleepingDmust have slept 4 When I lived with my roommates in the university, we _ often talk into the night. Amight Bmust C

31、should Dwould 5 This is the first time I _ my first picture with my own hands. It is time that you _ a picture for me. Atook; took Bhave taken; tookCtook; will take Dwill take; have taken 6 Why hasnt Jack come back yet？ _anything have happened to him? Im not sure, but I guess something_. AMay；must h

32、ave BCan；may haveC Must；may DDare；might have 7It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it_ be rather cold sometimes. Amust Bcan Cshould Dwould 8 Liza_ well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling. Awill Bcan Cmust Dmay 9 Look at the floor, Tom ！_you watch TV while having a meal? AShould

33、 BCould CWould D Must 10The soccer team has been doing well this season，so they _win the championship. Ashould Bmight Cwould Dmust 11When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board _ that only half of them would return again. A will never think Bcan never think Cneednt have thought D

34、couldnt have thought 12What does the sign over there read? No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area. Awill Bshall Cmay Dmust 13Its hard to believe that such a greedy man_ donate so much to Project Hope. Amay Bneed Ccan Dshall 14For environmental reasons，we _ as well take these was

35、te products and have them recycled. Ashould Bwould Cmight Dcould 15We _ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though. Acould be Bshould be Cmust have been Dwould have been 16Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning. Really？He _ the 9 ： 00 train. Its much more comfortable and s

36、afer to travel by train. A could have taken Bshould take Cmust have taken Dcan take 链接高考：17.（09 海南） . What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve A. should B. would C. will D. shall 18.（09 安徽， 34） But for their help ，we _ the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finishC.

37、had not finished D. could not have finished 19.（09 浙江， 13）The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal. A wouldnt B couldnt C neednt D shouldnt 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 20.（09 江苏， 28） He di

38、d not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 21 （09 辽宁，29） The traffic is heavy this day, I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? A. can B. must C. need. D. might 22 （ 09 全国卷 I，25）What do

39、you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve A. should B. would C. will D. shall 23 （09 全国卷 II，20） I cant leave. She told me that I_ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may 24 （ 09 天津， 15） This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we wo

40、uld repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might 25 （ 09 浙江， 13）The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal. A wouldnt B couldnt C neednt D shouldnt 26（09 上海，27） It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must

41、 D. should 272010 四川卷 _ I take the book out? Im afraid not. A Will BMay CMust DNeed 282010 安徽卷 Jack described his father，who _ a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man. A would be Bwould have been C must be Dmust have been 29 2010 浙江卷 Had I known about this computer program ， a huge amount

42、of time and energy_. A would have been saved Bhad been savedC will be saved Dwas saved 302010 湖南卷 You _ buy a gift ，but you can if you want to. Amust Bmustnt Chave to Ddont have to 312010 陕西卷 May I take this book out of the reading room? No， you_. You read it in here. Amightnt Bwont Cneednt Dmustnt

43、322010 江西卷 I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it? AMust BCan CMay DWill 332010 江苏卷 I havent got the reference book yet ， but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _have it by Friday. Acould BshallCmust Dmay 34 2010 江苏卷 George is going to talk about the geography of hi

44、s country ， but Id rather he _ more on its culture. Afocus BfocusedC would focus Dhad focused 352010 全国卷 Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. Acant Bneednt Cmay not Dwill not 362010 福建卷 Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.

45、Anot allow Bdo not allowC mustnt allow Dcouldnt allow 37 2010 天津卷 Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed， he arrived half an hour early. A neednt Bwouldnt Cmustnt Dcouldnt 382010 重庆卷 You _ park here! Its an emergency exit. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - -

46、 - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - Awouldnt BneedntC couldnt Dmustnt 392010 北京卷 Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah， good morning. You _be Mrs. Peters. Amight Bmust Cwould Dcan 402010 山东卷 I _ have watched that movie itll give me horribl

47、e dreams. Ashouldnt Bneednt Ccouldnt Dmustnt 41.(2011 全国卷 ,32)They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A.will B.can C.must D.should 42.(2011 全国卷 II,8)If you _ smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may 43.（2011 北京卷 ,24） I don t really like James. Why did you invi

48、te him? Don t worry. He _ come. He said he wasn t certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 44.（2011 北京卷 ,28） Where are the children? The dinner s going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ always late. A. weren t B. hadn t been C. wouldn t be D. wouldn t have b

49、een45. （ 2011北京卷 ,30） Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 46.（2011 天津卷 ,15）I _ sooner but I didn t know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come 4

50、7.（2011 上海春招 ,27）Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustn t B. won t C. mightn t D. shouldnt48.（2011 江苏卷 ,34） I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.