2022年中考复习-时态语态专项 .pdf

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1、读书破万卷下笔如有神时态一般现在时用法表示现在的状态；表示经常性或习惯性的动作；表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等；表示客观真理。构成主语是第三人称单数时，动词用第三人称单数形式；其他情况用动词原形。时间状语sometimes,often, usually,always,never,every morning/afternoon/evening,every day, on Sunday(s)等。例句I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 我每天早晨7 点从家出发去学校。Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于

2、中国的东部。注意： come, go, leave, arrive 等表示位置移动的动词可用现在进行时表示即将发生的或计划好的事情。如：Im leaving tomorrow. 我明天动身。时态一般过去时用法表示过去曾经发生的动作或存在的状态。构成动词的过去式时间状语yesterday, lastnight/Monday/week/month/year, in 2010,three months，ago, just now 等。例句When I was achild, I oftenplayedfootball in thestreet.当我还是个孩子时，我经常在街上踢足球。时态一般将来时用法

3、表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。构成shall/will 动词原形； be going to 动词原形时间状语tomorrow,next year, intwo years,from now on,in the future等。例句They aregoing to havea sportsmeeting in aweek. 他们一周后要举行一场运动会。时态现在进行时用法表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。构成is/am/are 动词的现在分词(v.-ing) 时间状语now, at themoment, atpresent,these days等。例句We are havingan Eng

4、lishclass now.我们现在正在上英语课。时态过去进行时用法表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。构成was/were 动词的现在分词时间状语at this timeyesterday, at9 last night,from 7 to 9yesterdaymorning 例句They werewatching TVat 7 last night. 昨晚7 点他们正在看电视。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页读书破万卷下笔如有神谓语语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的

5、执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：知识点概述一、被动语态的构成英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be 必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：The man was fooled by the two boys. The book has been translated into several languages. 被动语态的句子结构：主语+ be+过去分词1、一般现在时谓语：pp.areisam例句： One lesson is learned each week. Foreign languages are studied every

6、where in China. 2、一般过去时谓语：pp.werewas例句： This hospital was set up just two years ago. 3、一般将来时谓语：PP.betogoingareisamshall/will例句： This question will be answered by the headmaster tomorrow. 二、被动语态的用法（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：时态现在完成时用法表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果；表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作和状态。构成have/h

7、as +动词的过去分词时间状语just,yet, already,ever, never, before,since+ 时间点 / 或一般过去时的从句,for+时间段,in/during the past few/two years, recently, so far 例句He has studied English for five years. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页读书破万卷下笔如有神Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The ne

8、w test book will be used next term. （2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday. （3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或 for。例如： The pianist gave the pupilssome

9、 advice. 间接宾语直接宾语The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist. (4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel 等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如： The boss made them work ten hours a day. They were made to work ten hours a day. A bo

10、y saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house. 三、被动语态的时态初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。（1）一般现在时构成：助动词be + 动词的过去分词例如： This kind of car is made in shanghai. English is spoken in many countries. (2)一般过去时构成：助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词例如： The bridge was built in 1992. Was this novel written by his

11、 father? (3)一般将来时构成： will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词例如： These books are going to be posted tomorrow. The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital. (4)现在完成时构成：助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词例如： Has his work been finished? We haven t been invited to the part y. (5)现在进行时构成： be + being + 动词的过去分词例

12、如： A new bridge is being built in my hometown. The problem is being discussed by the students. (6)带有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 动词的过去分词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页读书破万卷下笔如有神例如： Can this walkman be repaired here? Your composition must be handed in tomorrow. 二、复习时需要注意的要点（1）由主动语态

13、改为被动语态的步骤：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by 的宾语。（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。（3）在短语 see sb. dosth. 中，动词 see 后跟不带to 的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上 to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear 等，以及使役动词make, let 等。实战演练一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.

14、I think high school students should_ (give) pocket money. 2. The earth _ (go) around the sun. 3. Black tea_(invent) in China more than 600 years ago. 4. There _ (be) more than 50 schools in our city nextyear. 5. Parking _ (not allow) here. 6. I _ (have) this bike for more than two years. 二、单句改错1. I

15、buy a new shirt yesterday._ 2. When we reach there, they work for a long time._ 3 .The child not allow to play computer games before finishing homework._ 4. Jane go to school by bus._ 5. The meeting holds next week._ 三、单项选择1.(2013 年广东 )Hot water_ in the students flats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.m.now. A .sup

16、plies B. is supplied C.supplied D.was supplied 2.(2014 年广东 )Our English teacher is very nice.We _ friends since three years ago. Awere Bbecame Chave been Dhave made 3.(2014 年广东 )Jenny _ in the kitchen whenyou called her at 5 oclock this afternoon. Ais cooking Bwas cooking Ccooks DCooked 4.(2012 年广东广

17、州 )Ive got the final Harry Potter book. You will love it. I _ it twice already. A. am reading B.have read C.was reading D.will read 5.(2012 年广东佛山 )The cleaners _ the street and it is quite clean now. Aare sweeping Bwill sweep Chave swept 6.(2013 年广东佛山 )Yang Liwei, a famous astronaut_ to Foshan in Ma

18、rch, 2012. Acomes B came Cwas coming 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页读书破万卷下笔如有神7.(2014 年广东佛山 )Air must _ fresh all the time. Its good for our health. Akeep B is kept Cbe kept 8.(2014 年广东河源 )Heyuan develops so fast. Thats true. Great changes _ in Heyuan in the last few years.

19、Ahave been taken place Btook place Ctake place Dhave taken place 9.(2013 年广东河源 )In the old days, they _ inthe factory from morning to night. Awere made to work Basked to work Cmade to work Dwere asked for work 10.(2013 年广东梅州 )Where is your father? He _ Australia and he _ Sydney for two weeks. Ahas b

20、een to; has been in Bhas gone to; has been in Chas been in; has been to Dhas gone to; has been to 11.(2014 年广东茂名 )This is No.9 Middle School. Its door _every day after school. Awas closed Bis closed Cclose 12.(2014 年广东茂名 )Have you seen Mike? He _ football on the sports field. Aplays Bis playing Cwil

21、l play 13.(20XX 年广东深圳 )Its said a pianist will performat Poly Theater on Friday evening. Is it Lang Lang? Yes, it _ him. He _ for a week Amust be; has arrived here Bmaybe; has been here Cmust be; has been here Dmaybe; has arrived here 14.(2012 年广东深圳 )What will you do _the summer holiday? I think I s

22、hall watch London Olympic Games.It will _ in August. Aduring; be held Bat; hold Cduring; D at; be hold 15.(2012 年广东湛江 )_ you _ your homework? Not yet. ADo; finish BHave; finished C Did; finish DAre; finished 16.(2012 年广东肇庆 )Have all the students knownthat our class will visit Mountain Tai this after

23、noon? Yes. Every student _ about it. A. told Bwas told Chas told 17.(2011 年广东 )Alan, its late.Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her. A. waited Bhave waited C am waiting Dwas waiting 18.(2011 年广东 )People who drink wine _ to drive after May Day. A. dont allow Bisnt allowed C mustnt

24、allow Dmustnt be allowed 19.(2013 年广东 )Our math teacher _ in ourschool for 20 years and he _ here when he was 23 years old. A. has taught; has come B. taught; comes C.taught; came D.has taught; came 20.(2014 年广东广州 )Yesterday evening, I _ along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher. A. walk

25、 B.walked C.was walking D.am walking 21.(2014 年广东佛山 )The Chinese Culture Day_ in New York City on April 20th, 2011. A.celebrated B.is celebrated C.was celebrated 22.(2014 年广东佛山 )Most of the sandstorms in ourcountry _ in spring, from March to May. A.happen B.Happens C.is happening 精选学习资料 - - - - - -

26、- - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页读书破万卷下笔如有神23.(20XX 年广东佛山 )The Guangzhou Tower _ thousands of tourists since it was open to the public. A. attracts B. Attracted C. has attracted 24.(2013 年广东深圳 )When should I hand in my paper? Your paper must _ as soon as the bell _. A. hand in; rings B. hand in;

27、 will ring C. be handed in; will ring D. be handed in; rings 25.(2014 年广东梅州 )The boss made him work 14hours a day. That means, he _ work 14 hours a day. A. was made Bmade Cwas making Dwas made to 26.(2014 年广东肇庆 )Your classroom is very clean. Yes, it _ every day. A. is cleaned B.cleans C.is cleaning

28、27.(2014 年广东肇庆 )You are too late. The film_ since half an hour ago. A.has begun B.has been on C.began 28.(2013 年广东清远 )Echo _ for half a month.Shell come back in two months. A. left B. leave C. has left D. has been away 29.(2013 年广东 )Robert with his two kids _ tothe beach for vacation every year. A.

29、go B. goes C. went D. are going 30.(2014 年广东 )Do you know her well? Sure. We _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have made C. have been D. have become 31.(2013 年广东 )The 16th Asian Games _ inGuangzhou in November, 2010. A. holds B. will hold C .was held D. will be held 32.(2013 年广东深圳 )Have you

30、ever _ Australia? Yes. I have. Its really interesting _ with kangaroos. A. been to; to play Bgone to; played Cbeen to; play D gone to; playing 33.(2013 年广东梅州 )May I speak to John? Sorry, he _ Japan. But he _ in two days. A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back C. has been in; wou

31、ld come back D. has gone to; wont come back 34.(2014 年广东肇庆 )According to the library rulesbooks _ for two weeks at most. A. can be borrowed B. can keep C. can be kept 35.(20XX 年广东广州 )Excuse me, whats this for? Its a cleaner and it _ to pick up dirt. A. uses B. is used C .is using D. used 36.(2013 年广

32、东湛江 )I heard that Mr.Brown died last year. Yes, he has _ for a year, but we still miss him. A .been dead B. death C. died D. dying 37.(2014 年广东佛山 )I _ my work today. Lets go for a coffee. A. finish B. will finish C.have finished 38.(2014 年广东佛山 )Experts _ to makesuggestions to help the city develop A. will invite B. are invited C. have invited 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页