2022年中考英语复习之时态语态 .pdf

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1、2017 年中考英语复习之时态语态不同时态的谓语动词形式1.一般现在时 ,谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数形式；2.一般过去时 ,谓语动词用过去式；3.一般将来时 ,谓语动词用be going to+V 原 或 will+ V 原；4.现在进行时 ,谓语动词 be+Ving(be 动词用 is/am/are)；5.过去进行时 ,谓语动词用be+Ving(be 动词用 was/were)；6.现在完成时 ,谓语动词用have/has+V过去分词；7.过去完成时 ,谓语动词用had+ V 过去分词；8.现在完成进行时 ,谓语动词用 have/has been+ V过去分词；9.过去将来时 ,谓语动词用

2、be going to+V 原 或 would+ V 原；一般现在时一.定义:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态； 主语具备的性格和能力； 客观真理和事实。二.一般现在时的谓语动词1.be+表语(be 动词用 is,am,are) 2.情态动词 +V 原3.实义动词 (V 原或 V 三单)三.动词第三人称形式的变化规则: 1.一般情况加 -s; 2.以 s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾加 -es; 3.以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变 y 为 i，再加-es;4.以元音字母 +y 结尾的，直接加 -s; 5. 特例 :be is,have has四.一般现在时的句型转换 (一旦借助了助动词，实义动词

3、一律还原成原形) 1.肯定句变一般疑问句 : 含有 be动词的肯定句变成一般疑问句，直接把be动词提到句首 ; 含有情态动词的肯定句变成一般疑问句，直接把情态动词提到句首; 只含有实义动词的肯定句 (句中既没有 be动词,也没有情态动词)变成一般疑问句 ,直接在句首加上助动do/does. 2.肯定句变否定句含有 be动词的肯定句变成否定句，直接在be动词后加上 not(is not=isn t,are not=aren t) ；含有情态动词的肯定句变成否定句，直接在情态动词后加上not(can not=can t); 只含有实义动词的肯定句(句中既没有be 动词 ,也没有情态动词)变成否定句

4、 ,直接在实义动词前加上助动词 do/does+not.( do not=don?t,does not=doesn?t)五.一般现在时的时态判定1.句中无表示过去或将来的时间状语,出现了频度副词或表示频率的短语(always,often, usually,sometimes,hardly ever,once a day,twice a week) 2.every+时间(every morning, every day, every week, every year, every month) 3.在宾语从句中 ,即使主句为一般过去时 ,从句叙述客观真理或事实时,从句仍用一般现在时。4.以 he

5、re,there 开头句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作Here comes the bus! 5. 时 间 / 条 件 状 语 从 句 , 遵 循 主 将 从 现 ( 主 祈 从 现 、 主 情 从 现 ) 、 主 过 从 过 的 原则.(if/unless,when,while,as soon as,as long as, after,before,notuntil)当主句用一般将来时、含有情态动词或祈使句时，从句要用一般现在时；当从句用一般现在时，则主句用一般将来时、含有情态动词或祈使句。但主句如果出现了频度副词，主句仍可以用一般现在时。一般过去时一、定义 :表示过去某一时刻或某一段时

6、间内所发生的动作或存在的状态；也表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作。二、一般过去时的谓语动词 ：1.be+表语(be动词用 was,were) 2.实义动词 (V 过) 三、动词过去时的规则变化：1.一般情况加 -ed; 2.以不发音的 e结尾，只加 d; 3.以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变 y 为 i，再加-ed; 4.以元音字母 +y 结尾的，直接加 -ed; 5.以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写辅音字母,再加 -ed(stop,shop,drop,fit,chat,trek,plan). 四、一般过去时的句型转换 (一旦借助了助动词，实义动词一律还原成原形) 1. 肯定句变一

7、般疑问句 : 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 22 页含有 be动词的肯定句变成一般疑问句，直接把be动词提到句首 ; 含有情态动词的肯定句变成一般疑问句，直接把情态动词提到句首; 只含有实义动词的肯定句变成一般疑问句 (句中既没有 be动词,也没有情态动词),直接在句首加上助动词 did. 2. 肯定句变否定句：含有 be动词的肯定句变成否定句，直接在be动词后加上 not(was not=wasn?t were not=weren?t) 含有情态动词的肯定句变成否定句，直接在情态动词后加上not(could not=

8、couldn?t ); 只含有实义动词的肯定句变成否定句(句中既没有be 动词 ,也没有情态动词),直接在实义动词前加上助动词 did+not.( did not=didn t)五.一般现在时的时态判定1.yesterday+ 时间(yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening,the day before yesterday)；2.last+时间(last week,last Monday,last month,last year) ；3.时间段 +ago(ten minutes ago,two days ago,thre

9、e hours ago,ten years ago) 4.介词+表示过去的时间 (in 1949,in 2013,on the morning of July 1st ,2012) 5. just now,the other day, at the age of,in the past,in the old days,this morning6.时间/条件状语从句，遵循主将从现、主过从过的原则。7.表示过去经常发生动作 ,可用 used to do sth来表示； 表示过去存在的状态可用used to来表示。When I was young,I used to swim in the rive

10、r. He used to be short,but now he is tall. 8.在宾语从句中，当主句用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时。一般将来时一、定义 一：表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，表示单纯未来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时，谓语动词用will+V 原；定义二：表示主观上打算要做、计划要做的事，表示已经决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事，谓语动词用be going to+ V 原。 表示位置移动的动词 (go,come,leave,stay,start,begin), 常用现在进行时的形式表将来。二、一般将来时的谓语动词 (be going to

11、+V 原 或 will+ V 原) 三、一般将来时的句型转换1.肯定句变一般疑问句 : 含有 be动词的肯定句变成一般疑问句，直接把be动词提到句首 ; 含有 will 的肯定句变成一般疑问句，直接把will 提到句首 ; 2.肯定句变否定句 : 含有 be动词的肯定句变成否定句,直接把 be动词后加上 not; 含有 will 的肯定句变成否定句 ,直接在 will 后加上 not(will not=won t); 四、一般将来时的时态判定1.tomorrow+时间(tomorrow morning, tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow evening,the day

12、after tomorrow) 2.next+时间(next week, next Tuesday, next month, next year) 3.in+时间段 (in ten years,in two hours,in three minutes) 4.介词+表示将来的时间 (in 2015,on the morning of September 10th,2014by the end of this year) 5.this+时间(this morning 除外)this afternoon, this evening, this weekend 6.by the end of+表示将

13、来的时间 (by the end of this year, by the end of this week, by the end of this month) 7.soon,from now on,at once,in future,in the future,from now on 8.时间/条件状语从句，遵循主将从现、主过从过的原则。9.祈使句， and/or+陈述句（此时陈述句要用一般将来时）Hurry up,and you will catch up the early bus. Study hard,or you won? t pass the final exam. Don?

14、t swim in the river by yourself,or your mother will be angry. 现在进行时一、定义 ;表示说话瞬间正在发生、正在进行的动作，也表示当前一段时间正在进行的动作。二、现在进行时的谓语动词 :be+Ving(be 动词用 is/am/are) 三、现在分词的变化规则 ：1.一般情况加 -ing; 2.以不发音的 e结尾，去 e，再加 -ing;3.以 y 结尾，直接加 -ing; 4.以 ie 结尾，变 ie为 y，再加 -ing(lie lying,die dying,tie tying);5.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，

15、双写辅音字母，再加-ing. (begin,cut,chat,chop,drop,forget,get,kid,put,run,shop,stop,swim,sit,trek) 四、现在进行时的时态判定1.句中出现了提示语Look! Listen! Be quiet! Hurry up! 2. now, right now,at the moment,at the present 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 22 页3.It?s + 钟点 (It?s half past nine, It?s a quarter to

16、 eleven, It?s 11:00).4.与 always,all the time,forever 等连用，表示某种强烈的感情。5.表示一种渐进的过程。I am becoming more and more interested in English. 过去进行时一、定义 :表示过去某一时刻正在发生、正在进行的动作 ,也表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。二、过去进行时的谓语动词 :be+Ving(be动词用 was/were) 三、过去进行时的时态判定1.(at+钟点,at this/that time,from seven to eleven,at that moment)+ 表示过去

17、的时间状语2. when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句用一般过去时，则主句用过去进行时；表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。while 引导的时间状语从句中，当从句用过去进行时，则主句用一般过去时；表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作恰好发生。while 引导的时间状语从句中，当从句用过去进行时，主句也用过去进行时；表示主句和从句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行。现在完成时一、现在完成时的谓语动词have/has+V过去分词二、定义一 :表示动作发生在过去的某个不确定时间，但对现在造成影响或仍留有结果。常与already,never,ever,just,yet,before 或单纯表示次数的词语连

18、用(句中无其它时间状语 ). already, 已经,用在肯定句或疑问句中 ,常放 have/has后或句末 ; yet,然而,用在否定句 (还)或疑问句 (已经)中,用在句首或句末 ; ever, 曾经,用在 have/has后,表示肯定意思 ; never,从不,用在 have/has后,表示否定意思 ; before,以前,用在句末 . Have you gone to Kunming before ？三、定义二 :表示在过去已开始，并持续到现在的某一动作或状态。句中无其它时间状语，用到 once,twice,three times,how many times 单纯表示次数的状语， s

19、o far(到目前为止 ),this year alone今年以来 ,these years alone 这两年以来 ,during/in the last/past ten years 在过去十年间 . for+ 时间段 since+过去一个时间点（自从以来） since+时间段+ago It is/has+时间段 +since+从句（从句要用一般过去时）since+从句（since引导的时间状语从句中 ,当从句用一般过去时 ,则主句用现在完成时）四、句型转换 ：肯定句变一般用疑问句，直接将have/has提到句首；肯定句变否定句，直接在 have/has后加上 not 即可。(have n

20、ot=haven?t,has not=hasn?t)五、句中出现表示频率的短语时（twice a week,four times a month ） ，不用现在完成时，而应用一般现在时、一般过去时或一般将来时。六、have/has gone to 已经去了某地 ，表示人要么在路上，要么在目的地，仍没回来。have/has been to 曾经去过某地 ，表示人不在路上，也不在目的地，已经回来了。have/has been in 在某地呆了多久 （还在所呆的地方）七、非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的词语连用(否定句除外 ) buyhave,borrow keep,open be open,clo

21、sebe closed,begin/startbe on,come be here,gobe there,finishbe over,diebe dead,catch a coldhave a cold,put onwear,get up be up,wake up be awake,fall asleep,be asleep,losenot have,joinbe in,leave be away,arrive/reachbe过去完成时一、定义 :表示在过去某时之前就完成的动作或状态，强调动作或状态在过去的过去发生、存在。二、过去完成时的谓语动词 ：had+V 过去分词三、过去完成时的句型转

22、换 ：肯定句变一般用疑问句 ,直接将 had提到句首；肯定句变否定句，直接在 had后加上 not 即可。 (had not=hadn?t)四、过去完成时的判定1.by + 过去的时间点 ,by the end of+ 过去的时间点 , before + 过去的时间点 , 2.by the time 引导的时间转语从句，当从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时。3.当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时， 且从句的动作先于主句的动作时， 从句要用过去完成时。4.在时间状语从句中 ,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的 ,要用过去完成时 ,动作在后的要用一般过去时 . 5.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的

23、时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在.此时多与 already,yet,still,just,before,never 等时间副词 . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 22 页时态的判定1、根据时间状语或提示词确定时态； 2、利用上下文语境判断句子的时态；3、在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态； 4 、根据上下文已有的事态信息确定时态；宾语从句和状语从句的时态问题1.在宾语从句中 ,当主句用一般现在时 ,从句可用任何时态 ;当主句用一般过去时 ,从句要用相应的过去时 ;若从句叙述客观真理或事实时,从句仍用一般现在时 .

24、 2.when,while,before,after,as soon as,notuntil,if/unless引导的时间状语和条件状语从句,遵循主过从过 ,主将从现的原则 . 但:1.when 后面既可跟延续性动词，也可跟非延续性动词，while 后面只能用延续性动词。2.if 引导的条件状语从句中，当从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去将来时(虚拟语气 所假设的情况与现在的事实相反或所假设的情况永远不可能发生) if+一般过去时 从句,(should,would could , might) + 动词原形 主句,无论主语是谁 ,从句中的 be动词一律用 were 3.since引导的时间状语从句

25、中 ,当从句用一般过去时 ,主句要用现在完成时 (现在完成进行时 ) 4.by the time 引导的时间转语从句，当从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时。被动语态一、被动语态的做题步骤: 1.根据句意确定 ,谓语动词是执行者还是承受着；2.根据时间状语和上下文暗示判断是那种时态的被动语态。二、被动语态的结构 :be+V 过去分词1.含有情态动词的被动语态 :情态动词 +be+V 过去分词2.一般现在时的被动语态 :is/am/are+V 过去分词3.一般过去时的被动语态 :was/were+V过去分词4.一般将来时的被动语态 :will+be+V 过去分词 (is/am/are going

26、 to be + V 过去分词 ) 5.现在进行时的被动语态 :is/am/are+being+V 过去分词6.过去进行时的被动语态 :was/were+being+V过去分词7.现在完成时的被动语态 :have/has+been+V过去分词8.过去完成时的被动语态 :had+been+V过去分词三、被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁2.没有必要指出执行者是谁3.需要强调或突出动作的承受着时4.句子的主语是物四、主动语态变为被动语态步骤(宾变主，主变宾，谓语变被动)1.将主动句中的主语和宾语交换位置,并且在新的宾语前加上介词by 2.把谓语动词变为相应的被动形式We askedhim t

27、o sing an English song. him asked by We to sing an English song. He was asked by usto sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us. 3.带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态My mother gave me a small present last weekend. I was given a small present by my mother last weekend.A small present was giv en to

28、me by my mother last weekend. 五、使役动词和感官动词的被动语态(make,let,see,hear)My father saw two boys play basketball on the playground. Two boys were seen to play basketball by my father on the playground.使役动词和感官动词 ,在主动句中 用省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动语态时要把省略了的 to 还原出来，即 用不定式作宾语补足语 。make sb do sthsb be made to do sth s

29、ee sb do sthsb be seen to do sth 六、1.不及物动词没有被动语态.(open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive) 作不及物动词时，它们的主语是物，可用主动语态表被动意义；2.look,smell,taste,sound等系表动词用主动结构表被动意义；3.be worth doing sth,sb need doing sth 直接表被动意义；4.表示发生的 happen/take place ，没有被动语态。1.Xingyi(吸引）a lot of tourists every year.(2015贵州

30、黔西南 )精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 22 页A attack B attacks C attacking D attacked 2.-I want to get some bread from the supermarket before it. -My watch says 8:15pm. So, we have about 15 minutes left to get there(2015曲靖 ) . A.closes B.will close C.close D.closed 3.-When shall we

31、 begin our meeting? - We?ll begin it when Helen(2015重庆 B 卷)A.comes B. came C.will come D. come 4.If it, we will go hiking at Cool City Park. (2015贵州六盘水 )A.not rain B.don?t rain C.won?t rain D.doesn?t rain 5.Mary with her parents often for a walk in the park after supper. (2015贵州安顺 )A. go B. is going

32、 C. are going D. goes 6.Uncle Johnfor a walk after supper every day. (2015贵州毕节 )A.goes B.went C.will go D.has gone 7.-Do you know when jayhere tomorrow? -Sorry,I don?t know. But when hehere tomorrow. I?ll tell you at once.(2015四川眉山 )A.gets gets B.gets; will gets C.will get; will get D. will get; get

33、s 8.I will send you an e-mail as soon as Iin London. (2015湖南郴州 )A. arrived B. arrive C. will arrive 9.-Is your mother a teacher? -Yes,she is.Sheat a junior high school.(2015湖北武汉 )A. taught B. teaches C. will teach D. is teaching 10.Grace this game every time we play. (2015河北 )A. wins B. won C. will

34、win D. has won 11.-Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office. -Only when shecopying this report. (2015广东 )A.finishes B.finish C.finished D.will finish 12.Next month we?re going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday_.(2015山东潍坊 )A. will beging B.has begun C.begings D.is beginning.

35、13.Many city peopletheir bikes to work every day. (2015陕西 )A.ride B.will ride C.rode D.have ridden 14.I?ll pick you up at the stop sign where 50 meters ahead the two roads.(2015湖北武汉 )A. fit B. meet C. face D. reach 15.We will go to Tian?anmen Square to watch the raising of national flag if ittomorro

36、w. A. will rain B. rains C. doesn?t rain D. won?t rain (2015湖北孝感 )16.You will see many aunts dancing together on the square if itin the evening.(2015江苏连云港 )A.doesn?t rain B.rains C. Will rain D.won?t rain 17.Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as possible because practiceperfect. A. becomes

37、 B. became C. will make D. makes (2015江苏盐城 )18.-Hey,Jenny . Let?s go home together. -Just a moment. an e-mail. (2015甘肃 )A.send B.sent C.am sending D.have sent 19.-Sam, come downstairs , please. I need your help. - Sorry, Mum. Ion the phone. (2015黑龙江牡丹江 )A.talked B.am talking C.was talking 20.Look, s

38、ome boyslites in the park. (2015吉林 )A.fly B.are flying C.flew 21.-Our teacher with us oftengames after class. -Your teacher is so nice!(2015辽宁 )A. play B. played C. is playing D. plays 22.When youyourself with others, you miss the wonder of who you are. (2015江苏扬州 ) A.compare B.communicate C.contact

39、D.connect 23.If youto the party, you will have a great time. (2015黑龙江绥化 )A.go B.will go C.goes 24.The young man(成功） in finishing the task last week. (2015贵州黔西南 )25.-Tom,you everthat new film? -Yes, Iit a week ago.(2015四川广安 )A.Have; seen saw B.Have; seen see C.Do;see; see D.Had; seen saw 26.-Will you

40、 see the film Cinderella with us tonight? -No,Iit last week.(2015湖南 )精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 22 页A. see B. have seen C. saw 27.-Have you ever been to Xiamen? -Yes, Ithere in 2013. (2015福建龙岩 )A.go B.went C.have gone 28.-Ito the cinema yesterday. - It?s a pity. You didn?t

41、invite me. (2015湖南娄底 ) A. go B. went C. have gone 29.-WhatCandyjust now? -Sorry, I didn?t hear it. Iup the phone. (2015湖北鄂州 )A.was.saying;was picking B.did.say;was picking C.does.say;am picking D.did.say;pick 30.-A nice car! Is it yours? -No, it isn?t. Iit from a friend of mine two days ago.(2015湖北武

42、汉 )A. borrow B. have borrowed C. will borrow D. borrowed 31.-Oh, my god! my notebook in my bedroom. -It doesn?t matter. I?ll lend you mine. (2015江苏连云港 ) A.forget B. Forgot C.leave D.left 32.-The radio says there will be a heavy storm in Mount Emei tomorrow. -Bad luck. I to go there with my classmate

43、s. (2015四川乐山 ) A. plan B. will plan C. planned 33.-youto Nanhu Park a week ago? -Yes,We had a good time there.(2015衡阳 ) A.Do; go B.Did;go C.Did;went 34.He almost fell down. But he.(2015张家界 )A. didn?t B. doesn?t C. won?t35.-Whenyouthe new bike? -Iit for 2 days. (2015湖北恩施 )A.did,have; bought B.did, bu

44、y; have had C.did, buy; have bought. 36.-Why didn?t Petehis homework? -He said he had lost his workbook . I think it?s an excuse. (2015江苏南京 )A.does B.doing C.do D.did 37.This placea factory but now it is a park. (2015甘肃兰州 )A.used to being B.used to be C.is used to D.using to be 38.-How is Tom now? -

45、 I hear the companyhim a good job,but he refused it.(2015呼和浩特 )A. provided B. offered C. passed D. introduced 39. -Whenyouhere? - Two days ago. (2015天津 )A. did;come B. have; come C. will; come D. do; come 40.-Have you read the library book? - Not yet.I have justif for three days. (2015辽宁 )A.kept B.l

46、ent C.got D.borrowed 41.-Summer holiday is coming.What are you going to do? -I?m not sure. Maybe Ito the beach. (2015云南 )A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone: 42.Over fifty countriesthe AIIB(亚投行 )so far. (2015宜宾)A. joined B. was joining C. had joined D. have joined 43.The Kids may not go to school in t

47、he future. Theyat home on omputers.(2015贵阳 )A.have studied B.will study C.studied 44.Wesome robots at home in the future,and theresome in the office, too.(2015贵州 )A. will have; will have B. have; will be C. will have; will be D. will have; are 45.-Mum, I don?t know if Honghongto my party tomorrow. -

48、I think she will come if shefree.(2015贵州黔东南州 )A.comes;is B.comes; will be C.will come;is D.will come; will be 46.-Do you know when jayhere tomorrow? -Sorry,I don?t know.But when hehere tomorrow. I?ll tell you at once.(2015四川眉山 )A.gets gets B.gets; will gets C.will get; will get D. will get; gets 47.

49、Ithe shops. Can I get you anything? (2015河北 )A. go to B. went to C. have gone to D. am going to 48.We don?t know whennext week. Please cal me when he arrives. (2015四川南充 )A.will he arrive B.does he arrive C.he will arrive D.he arrives 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 22 页49.-Have

50、you finished the poster for the party? -Not yet.Iit in two days.(2015山西 )A. finish B. finished C. will finish 50.I fell in love with Shanghai on my first trip, so I decide I in it in 10 years. (2015湖北黄石 ) A.will live B.lives C.lived D.has lived 51.-May I speak to Mr. Black? -Sorry,he _ Hong Kong . B