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1、五年级上册英语语法知识点一、注意名词单复数:1、可数名词复数用于:How many 后面; some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three 后面; these/those后面all the 后面;between后面跟一种物体时,这个物体用复数like 后面are前面的人称和名词用复数: we/they/the children 2、名词复数的变化规则:1)一般直接 +s:bears ,students ,2)以 s. x. sh. ch结尾,加 es:bus-buses , box-boxes,3)以“辅音字母 +y”结尾,把 y 变为 i, 再加 ies :librar
2、ylibraries hobby-hobbies story-stories 4)不规则名词复数 :man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, Child-children 3、不可数名词 : water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread(面包), rice(米饭), hair 等等。二、注意一般现在时动词的第三人称单数;(注:所有否定句、 疑问句中,动词都用原形。 ) 1、肯定句中哪些情况下用第三人称单数:1)人称代词 he, she, it作主语时;2)单个人名、地名或称呼作主语时;
3、3)单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词 作主语时;4)不可数名词作主语时;5)当数字或字母作主语时,等等。2、动词第三人称单数变化规则如下:1) 一般情况下 ,动词后面直接加 s. 如:works / plays/ reads 2) 以 s. x. sh. ch 或 o 结尾的动词 , 在后面加 es. 例: teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes3) 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词 , 把 y 变为 i, 再加 es. 例:study- studies fly-flies carry-carries 4)不规则动
4、词的第三人称单数:havehas;beis三、人称代词、名词所有格及序数词1、主格用来作句中的主语,用于动词前面。例:They are doctors. 2、宾格用来作句中的宾语,放在动词或介词的后面。本册书上出现的词组:in front of hershow her around push meteach youWhats wrong with him? write him a letter Heres a Christmas card for you. Let me.chat with them on the Internet give it a cake 3、形容词性物主代词 +名词形容
5、词性物主代词 , 之所以叫它们形容词是因为他们必须放在名词前面 。4、名词所有格作形容词性, 表示所属关系; 在人名或称呼后加 s,以 s结尾的,直接加 。如:mothers,parents 5、序数词 first-second-third-fourth 1)序数词一般要与the连用; 2)在某一层楼用介词on。单数复数一二三一二三主格I you he she It we you they 宾格me you him her It us you them 物主代词my 我的your 你的his 他的her 她的Its 它的our 我们的your 你们的their 他们的名师资料总结 - - -精
6、品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 四、选择和用所给词适当形式填空1、哪些情况加动词原形(注:有 to 时,to 跟后面的动词原形放在同一空格)1) want to +动词原形2)would like to +动词原形3)it s time to +动词原形4)情态动词 can+动词原形5)助动词( do, does , don t, doesn t)+动词原形6)let+动词原形7)祈使句中动词用原形(如 Do your homework,
7、 please.) 8)否定句在句首加Don t (如 Don t do your homework, please)+ 动词原形2、哪些情况加动词ing 1)like 2)go 3)be good at 4)be 5) 后面跟名词,如 swimming lesson动词+ing 变化规则如下 : A、直接加上 ing: draw-drawing play-playing read-reading B、以不发音的 e 结尾,去 e 加上 ing skate-skating make-making dance-dancing have-having come-coming write-writi
8、ng C、以重读闭音节结尾的单词要双写尾字母,再加上ing 从单词的末尾开始往前数符合“辅音-元音-辅音”结构的。(注:词尾是 w 和 y 的除外,如: drawing, playing 等除外) ; run-running sit-sitting put-putting chat-chatting get-getting swim-swimming stop-stopping shop-shopping 3形容词加名词(形名)如: a beautiful girl 4动词加副词(动副)如: swim well 5Some和 any用法: “some”一般用于肯定句, “any”用于否定句和疑
9、问句。但在一些表示委婉请求,想得到对方肯定回答时也用“ some ” 。(小技巧:末尾是句号,句中是any,那这句型是否定句 ) 6There be 结构就近原则 , be动词的选择取决于紧跟在后面的名词数量。如:There is a teacher and some students in the classroom. 7乐器前加 the, 球类前不加 the. 如:play the piano, play football 8. Who 当作特殊的第三人称 单数 (Who sings well? ) 9. 一般现在时构成: 1)主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。2)主语+行为动词 +
10、其它。关键词:always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every(注:主语为第三人称单数,动词加s, es 或辅音+y时,把 y 变为 i 再加es ;其他时候动词用原形) 10. 现在进行时关键词: look, listen, now (注:be动词(is am are) + 动词 ing, 两者缺一不可) 11. and前后谓语动词一致。指当句子中有两个或两个以上的谓语动词共用同一个主语时,一般谓语动词的时态保持一致。She often goesfishing and takes photos. Let s goand have som
11、e chicken. 12、相同意思不同用法的辨析:1)有; there is/are和 have/has there is/are表示在某地有某物(或某人) ;表示存在; there be就近原则;have/has 表示某人有某物;表示所属关系;前面必须有主语。2)也; too-either-also too 用于肯定句和疑问句句末;either用于否定句句末; also 用于句中。3)都; both-all both 用于两者都; all用于三者及以上都。4)好; good-well good+名词;动词+well 。5) 和;with-and with 是介词,意思是“和一起” ,后面跟
12、名词或代词的宾格。and 是连词,意思是“和” , 用 and连接两个单数名词或代词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 五、句型转换同义句:1. It s time for sth= It s time to do sth.该是时间了(注:for后面跟名词;to后面跟动词原形)It s time for dinner.=Its time to have dinner.2. What tim
13、e is it?=What s the time? 几点呢?3. There is(are) no (s)=There isn t / aren t any没有4. have no= don t have(any)没有 They have no legs or arms. =They dont have any legs or arms.5. has no = doesn t have (any)没有 6. I like picnics. = I like having picnics. 注:like后面跟名词复数或动名词(动词+ing )7. show sth (某物) to sb(某人)
14、= show sb (某物) sth(某人) 向展示东西8. give sth(某物) to sb(某人)=give sb (某物) sth(某人) 给人东西9. What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可爱的蚂蚁啊10.That is Jan s umbrella.= That umbrella is Jan s. 那是杰的伞11.What s wrong with him? = What s the matter with him? 他怎么了?否定句1、有 be动词(am, is ,are ) ,be后直接加 not (am not/ is
15、 not=isn t/ are not =aren t); 2、有 can,can后直接加 not (can not=can t); 3、只有动词,在动词原形前加dont;三单动词前加 doesn t, 动词变回原形 。He does his homework. (改成否定句) He doesn t do his homework. 一般疑问句 : 用 Yes或 No 回答的句子1、有 be动词,be动词提前;2、有 can或 would,can或 would 提前;3、只有动词,句首加Do/ Does, 动词用原形;注意:I m 变 Are you ; some变 any; my 变 you
16、r; and 变 or . 特殊疑问句:有特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句There be句型提问:1、对数量提问:1)How many +名词复数 + are there +介词短语?(注:对there be 后面可数名词的数量提问时,无论主语是单数还是复数,都用复数形式提问)例: There are 24 classrooms in our school? / There is only one classroom in our school? (对划线部分提问 ) How many classrooms are there in our school? (注:上面两句提问,都是这句子)2)How
17、 much +不可数名词 + is there +介词短语?例: There is some milk in the glass. (对划线部分提问 ) How much milk is there in the glass? 2、对主语提问there be 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Whats +介词短语?(注:对 there be后面的主语提问时,无论主语是单数还是复数,都用What s提问)例:There are six books on the desk. / There is a book on the desk. ( 对划线部分提问 ) Whats on the des
18、k? (注:上面两句提问,都是这句子)感叹句的结构:感叹句常用how或 what 来引导(1)what 引导的感叹句,最终修饰的是名词(2)how 引导的感叹句,最终修饰的是形容词/副词What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可爱的蚂蚁啊!名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 对划线提问 , 疑问词:What问什么; What colour 问颜色; What time
19、 问具体时间(如几点钟) ;when 问范围广的时间; where 问在哪里; How old 问年龄; how many 问数量 ( 可数名词 ) ;how much 1)问数量(不可数名词) ,2)问价钱; how about 问怎样;who 问谁(人) ; whose 问谁的东西(问主人);同音词:Bbebee, Cseesea, Rare, Ttea, Uyou, Ywhy, I-eye, too-two-to, fourfor, herehear, theretheir, rightwrite, sunson, noknow, pairpear, itsits, buybybye,
20、hihigh, wearwhere, aren t aunt, whoswhose, 近义词( 或同义词 ) :Manylots ofa lot of, desktable, likelove, tallhigh nearbeside, tooalso, listenhear, looksee, class lesson, glasscup, homehouse, beautifulpretty, usually often, hihello, speaksaytalk, riverlake, would likewant, go home come home 反义词( 或对应词 ) :yes
21、no, thisthat, thesethose, herethere, gocome, openclose, bigsmall, fatthin, tallshort, longshort, blackwhite, happysad, hotcold, coolwarm, softhard, onunder, in front ofbehind, inout, boygirl, manwoman, wrongright, downup, sitstand, easy difficult, take off( 脱下) put on(穿上)完整形式:I mI am, werewe are, yo
22、u reyou are, heshe is, itsit is, theresthere is, isn tis not whoswho is, Letslet us, I dI would, can tcan not, don tdo not, doesn tdoes not 特殊的名词复数:manmen, womanwomen, policemanpolicemen, childchildren, footfeet, fishfish, peoplepeople, Chinese-Chinese 三单动词变化: 特殊的:do -does;go-goes;have-has ;teachtea
23、ches;watch-watches;wash-washes; push-pushes ;brush-brushes; catch-catches ;study - studies;fly-flies;其余的直接加 s. 动词变名词 : A. 一般情况下在动词后面直接加er。teach-teacher , workworker, play player, sing singer, find finder B.以 e 结尾的动词直接加r。write writer, drivedriver, come comer, dancedancer C. 符合重读闭音节的动词,先双写最后一个字母,再加er。
24、runrunner, beginbeginner, swimswimmer D. 部分单词在词尾加or。visit visitor, actactor E. 本身既是动词又是名词。cookcook, doctordoctor 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - Culture板块: U1, U2, U3, U5, U6, U7. 1). U1: Coffee is popular in Western countri
25、es. Tea is popular in China. 咖啡在西方国家受欢迎。茶在中国受欢迎。2). U2: In the UK, this is the ground floor. In the US, this is the first floor. 在英国,这是一楼。在美国,这是一楼。3). U3: You can see pandas in China. You can see bald eagles in the US. 你在中国可以看到熊猫。你在美国能看到秃鹰。You can see polar bears in Canada. You can see kangaroos in
26、Australia. 你在加拿大能看到北极熊。你在澳大利亚能看到袋鼠。4). U5: In the US, we call a policeman a “cop”. In the UK, we ca ll a firefighter a “fireman ”.在美国,我们称呼警察为cop。在英国,我们称呼消防队员为fireman。5). U6: We write Chinese addresses like this. 我们这样书写中文地址。(国名地名人名,由大到小)We write English addresses like this. 我们这样书写英文地址。( 人名地名国名,由小到大)6
27、). U7: Basketball is very popular in the US. Football is very popular in the UK. 篮球在美国很受欢迎。足球在英国很受欢迎。Table tennis is very popular in China. 乒乓球在中国很受欢迎。看国旗写国家名 : (U6) UK Australia ChinaCanada US 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - Sound time: U1: U2: U3: U4: U5: U6: 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - U7: U8: U4 Song time: U8 Song time: 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -
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