英语音标.pptx

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1、英语音标26个英文字母的发音01020304C O N T E N T S目 录050648个英式英语音标概述及分类48个英语音标发音表字母、字母组合的发音总结英语发音器官Part 1 26个英文字母的发音26个英文字母的发音个英文字母的发音Part 2 英语发音器官发音器官发音器官1. 声音是发音器官活动的产物。2. 人类的发音器官主要包括喉头、声带、口腔和鼻腔。通过声带的震动，借助口腔中唇、舌、软腭、小舌等器官的活动，从而有各种不同的声音形成。3. 英语语音有特定的发音机制，涉及到的人体发音器官主要包括唇、齿、硬腭、软腭、声带和鼻腔。4. 下面给出几幅发音器官图，帮助同学们更好地理解发音部

2、位。发音器官发音器官1-nasal cavity 鼻腔2-lips 双唇3-teeth 牙齿4-aveolar ridge 上齿龈5-hard palate 硬腭6-velum soft palate 软腭7-uvula 小舌头8-apex(tip) of tongue 舌尖9-blade(front) of tongue 舌前10-dorsum(back) of tongue 舌后11-oral cavity 口腔12-pharynx 咽13-epiglottis 会厌14-larynx 喉Part 3 48个英式英语音标概述及分类48个英语音标个英语音标元 音单元音前元音i:ie 中元音:

3、后元音u:u:a:双元音开合双元音（合口双元音）eiaiiuau集中双元音iu 辅 音爆破音清辅音ptk 浊辅音bdg 摩擦音清辅音fsh浊辅音vzr破擦音清辅音ttrts 浊辅音ddrdz 鼻音（浊辅音）mn 舌则音（浊辅音）l 半元音（浊辅音）w j 音标是什么？音标是什么？音标是标记英语读音的符号，是英语的最小语音单位。音标的组成？音标的组成？英语的发音是由元音和辅音结合构成音节形成发音。因此英语音标分为元音和辅音两大类。什么是元音？什么是辅音？什么是元音？什么是辅音？元音：发音时，用舌头和嘴唇使口腔定型，声带振动。同时气流从肺冲出来，经过气管进入口腔，在口腔中不受到任何发音器官的阻碍。

4、辅音：发音时，气流在声道上受到单个或几个发音器官（包括双唇、牙齿、舌头、咽喉等）阻挡。英语音标英语音标元音元音元音根据其口腔发音部位、发音长短、构成要素可进行三种分类，下面一一介绍。一、前元音、中元音、后元音根据元音发音过程中舌头在口腔中抬起的部位不同，我们可以把元音分为前元音、中元音和后元音。二、单元音、双元音根据元音的构成要素，我们可以把元音分为12个单元音和8个双元音。三、长元音、短元音根据元音发音的长短，我们可以把元音分为长元音和短元音。元音发音示意图前元音、中元音和后元音前元音、中元音和后元音根据元音发音过程中舌头在口腔中抬起的部位不同，我们可以把元音分为前元音、中元音和后元音。1、

5、Front（前元音）The front vowels in English are the vovels that are articulated near the front of the oral cavitv,such as:发前元音时，发音部位靠近口腔前部。例如：1. /i/：前、高、不圆唇、长元音；2. /：前、半高、不圆唇、短元音；3. /e/：前、半高、不圆唇、短元音；4. /：前、低、不圆唇、短元音；2、Central（中元音）：The central vovels in English are the vovels that are articulated near the

6、center of the vocal cavity,such as:发中元音时，发音部位靠近口腔中部。例如：1. /：中、半高、不圆唇、长元音；2. /：中、半低、不圆唇、短元音；3. /：中、半低、不圆唇、短元音；3、Back（后元音）:The back vovels in English are the vowels that are articulated near the rear of the vocal cavity,such as:发后元音时，发音部位靠近口腔后部。例如：1. /u/：后、高、圆唇、长元音；2. /：后、高、圆唇、短元音；3. /：后、半低、圆唇、长元音；4.

7、/：后、低、圆唇、短元音；5. /：后、低、不圆唇、长元音；单元音和双元音单元音和双元音根据元音的构成要素，我们可以把元音分为12个单元音（monophthongs）和8个双元音（Diphthongs）。In articulating a Diphthong,the vovel-sound glides from on vowel to another,such as:发双元音时，从一个元音滑向另一个元音。例如：1. /e/ gay ; 2. /a/ kite ;3. / boy ; 4. /a/ mouth ;5. / load ; 6. / hear ;7. /e/ fair ; 8. /

8、 tour .In articulating a Monophthong,the vowel-sound doesnt change in quality throughout the course of a syllable.The other vowels in English are relatively Monophthongs.发单元音时，在一个音节的发音过程中不改变音质。英语中其他元音均为单元音。例如：1. /i/ bee ; 2. / hit ;3. /e/ bed ; 4. / bad ;5. / work ; 6. / leader ;7. / but ; 8. /u/ mo

9、on ;9. / look ; 10. / war ;11. / lot ; 12. / hard .长元音和短元音长元音和短元音根扰元音的长短，我们可以把元音分为长元音和短元音。In articulating a short vowel,the vowel-sound is sustained a short duration,such as:发短元音时，声音持续时间较短。例如：1. / pig ; 2. /e/ let ;3. / map ; 4. / hot ;5. / mud ; 6. / good ;7. / about . In articulating a long vowel,

10、the vowel-sound is sustained a long duration.The other vowels in English are relatively long.发长元音时，声音持续时间较长。英语中其他元音均为长元音。例如：1. /i/ bee ; 2. / work ;3. / hard ; 4. / war ;5. /u/ moon; 辅音辅音辅音分类：一、清辅音、浊辅音根据发音时声带是否震动来区分。二、爆破音、破擦音、摩擦音、鼻音、舌边音、半元音根据发音方式的不同，即气流在通过口腔或鼻腔时产生的不同效果来区分。辅音发音部位爆破音爆破音 StopsStops are

11、 consonants formed by completely stopping the flow of air somewhere in the vocal apparatus,and then releasing the air,such as:发爆破音时，先完全将气流阻挡在发音器官中，然后突然释放气流，发出爆破的声音。英语中一共有6个爆破音，它们是：1. /p/：双唇爆破辅音；2. /b/：双唇爆破辅音；3. /t/：舌尖齿龈爆破辅音；4. /d/：舌尖齿龈爆破辅音；5. /k/：舌后软腭爆破辅音；6. /g/：舌后软腭爆破辅音；上面6个爆破音中，/p/、/t/、/k/是清辅音，因此要

12、注意声带不能够振动。破擦音破擦音AffricatesAffricates are consonants that are formed by stopping the flow of air somewhere in the vocal apparatus,and then releasing the air relatively slowly so that a friction-sound is produced,such as:破擦音的形成如爆破音，发破擦音时，首先将气流阻挡在发音器官中，但是要相对缓慢地释放气流以便摩擦成音。英语中一共有6个破擦音，它们是：1. /t/：舌端齿龈破擦辅音

13、；2. /d/：舌端齿龈破擦辅音；3. /tr/：齿龈后部破擦辅音；4. /dr/：齿龈后部破擦辅音；5. /ts/：舌端齿龈破擦辅音；6. /dz/：舌端齿龈破擦辅音；摩擦音摩擦音FricativesFricatives are consonants that are formed by impeding the flow of air somewhere in the vocal apparatus so that a friction-sound is produced,such as:发摩擦音时，气流有阴碍的通过发音器官，以便摩擦成音。例如：1. /s/：舌端齿龈摩擦辅音；2. /z/

14、：舌端齿龈摩擦辅音；3. /：舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音；4. /：舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音；5. /f/：唇齿摩擦辅音；6. /v/：唇齿摩擦辅音；7. /：舌尖齿背摩擦辅音；8. /：舌尖齿背摩擦辅音；9. /h/：声门摩擦辅音；10. /r/：舌尖齿龈后部摩擦辅音。鼻音鼻音Nasals、舌边音舌边音Leteral、半元音半元音Semivowels鼻音鼻音NasalsNasals are consonants that are formed by blocking the oral passage and allowing the air to escape through the nose,suc

15、h as:发鼻音时，气流在口腔中受到阻碍而从鼻腔中泄出。例如：1. /m/：双唇鼻辅音；2. /n/：舌尖齿龈鼻辅音；3. /：舌后软腭鼻辅音；舌边音舌边音LeteralA lateral is a consonant formed by allowing the air to escape around the sides of the tongue:发舌边音时，气流从舌两侧泄出。英语中只有一个舌边音：/l/ 舌端齿龈边辅音.半元音半元音SemivowelsSemivowels are vowel-like consonants:that is ,the air-flow is not st

16、opped or impeded so as to cause a friction-sound,but the aperture through which the air passes is smaller than the aperture of any vowel,such as:半元音是有些像元音的辅音，也就是说，发半元音时，气流并不需要受阻而形成摩擦音，但气流通过的缝隙要小于发元音时通过的缝隙。例如：1. /w/：舌后软腭半元音；2. /j/：舌前硬腭半元音。Part 4 48个英式英语音标发音表单元音单元音 i:i e1) i: 字母组合: ee ea e ie three tr

17、ee green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean receive piece 2) i发音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag sh

18、all man 4) e 字母组合 ea、e、a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 单元音单元音 : a:5) : 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work w

19、orm work world 6) 字母组合 er or ou e ar o a u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious familiar collar dollar men listen together tomorrow today lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china 7) a: 字母组合 ar a

20、car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) 发音字母 u oo o ou up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus blood flood come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish单元音单元音 : u:u 9) :字母组合 al au or our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk author caught autumn short more l

21、ord horse for forty sport door floor store four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10) 发音字母 o a hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss not want wash watch 11) u: 字母组合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude12) u 字母组合 oo ou u o look good foot book woo

22、d should could put full bull pull push woman wolf 双元音双元音 ei ai au u i 13) ei 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14) ai 发音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye15) au 字母组合 ou ow house out flour ground acco

23、unt count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town16) u 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal17) i 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 双元音双元音 i u18) i 字母组合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea19) 字母组合 ear air ere pe

24、ar bear chair air fair there where care20) u 字母组合our ower hour tour flower shower 辅音辅音 pb td kg1) p pen pear play pig pour pull push 2) b book big boot bike bread break 3) t two ten ton town twenty city 4) d door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) k king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)

25、card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x) school schema (字母组合ch) 6) g girl good goal goat grade long language 辅音辅音 mn lr fv 7) m man make moon morning move come comb 8) n pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) uncle bank English think thank junk sing k

26、ing morning evening 10) l long land lend lord fly flag black world cold goal soul 11) r read red right run room write 12) f five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) v very evening even every voice vest of辅音辅音 sz 14) s six sit student same seat kiss mi

27、ss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c) piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce) 15) z zoo zebra zi:br zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) that this those these though 18) sheep shoulder ship shoe she br

28、ush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) pleasure 辅音辅音 h w j td trdr tsdz 20) h hot hop home house horse how who 21) w when what where window wind wood 22) j yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) t child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24) d age language cabbage vegetabl

29、e stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) tr tree country try treat track trunk 26) dr dry dream drop drive drink 27) ts students boots boats goats nuts 28) dz goods woods moods hoods 字母 a、e、i 的发音 1）a ei late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad

30、 flag accept about above formative machine cinema a: fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e i: appreciate extremely secret she me he e letter left message generate pebble i decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident 不发音 active table late wife store

31、 lecture 3）i ai high price library ice wife size line i fist pick chicken piano fianc city unit 字母 o、u、c、g的发音 4）o u lode host cold note okay old home u: lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5）u ju univer

32、sity refuse unique universe huge u put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble support suggest 6）c k country camp camera courage cable s city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g g girl grade glass glade bag flag d village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 字母 l、n、r、y

33、的发音 8) l l 读音不同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n n moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10) rr right read write grade progress r (美语发音) card board door floor form north 11）y j yellow year yell young yolk i university country pretty

34、 happy ai dyke dying fly buy by my 字母组合 ar、ea、ear、er的发音 12）ara: farm card garden mark dollar : warm quarrel quarter 13) ea i: cease season breathe feature meat please e bread breast breath meadow weather eigreat break iidea realize 14) ear: learn earth earn heard i hear near clear ear fear 15) er: d

35、eserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer i serious experience mysterious fierce 字母组合 ere、ir、oo、or、oor的发音 16） erei here mere fere sere there 17) ir : shirt girl skirt ai admire desire 18) oo u: room tool cool moon noon goof food u good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood : door

36、 floor 19) or : short form corn born for : work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor : door floor u moor poor boor 字母组合 our、ou、ow的发音 21) our au hour tour flour bourn lour : pour court four mourn 22) ou au house mouth mouse sound ound enough trouble touch delicious

37、 gracious prosperous 23) ow u window meadow know show low au now town how down cow 字母组合 se、th、sion、tion的发音 24) se z nose suppose gose lose pose rose s mouse house 25) th thank think thought cloth clothes that this then than 26) sion n propulsion tension progression passion n protrusion provision con

38、clusion television 27) tion n station nation translation attention tn (不常见) question Part 5 总结一、巧记一、巧记4848个国际音标个国际音标单元音共十二，四二六前中后。 双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。 辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊， 四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音， 有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。 二、关于语音的几个概念二、关于语音的几个概念音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素. 音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位三、元音和辅音三、元音和辅音元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的

39、主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音. 四、开音节和闭音节四、开音节和闭音节开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如: kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 如：sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音 如: it is in on up out ant 谢谢聆听单击此处添加副标题内容2020