最新医学英语RisksforBreastCancerandItsTreatmentPPT课件.ppt

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1、当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9Vocabulary Preview and ExerciseRead the following words and phrases, relating them to their Chinese equivalents.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关

2、注健康Chapter 9当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 Fill in the blank of the following sentences with a suitable word in the grid, changing its form if necessary. 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 91. Preventive me

3、dicine is concerned with preventing disease, whereas _ medicine is concerned with healing. 2. Hawkins was a very emotional man, incapable of _ what he felt from those who knew him best. curative mobilize destine invasive strenuous scrutiny shrimp conceal malignancy hereditary inherited recur attribu

4、table mutation mounting curativeconcealing当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 93. His doctor advised him not to take any _ exercise until he had completely recovered.4. The unions _ thousands of workers in a protest against the cuts.5. Workers are not going to put up with wage controls in the fac

5、e of _ inflation. curative mobilize destine invasive strenuous scrutiny shrimp conceal malignancy hereditary inherited recur attributable mutation mounting strenuousmobilizedmounting当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 96. Closer _ of the medical records revealed that the woman had died of blood p

6、oisoning. 7. The disease is _ , so there is a chance her daughter may suffer from it, too.8. Although the treatment for skin cancer is usually successful, the problem can _ later. curative mobilize destine invasive strenuous scrutiny shrimp conceal malignancy hereditary inherited recur attributable

7、mutation mounting scrutinyhereditaryrecur当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 99. Research findings show that women who exercise regularly have a 20% lower risk of _ breast cancer.10. The _ of these tumors makes them difficult to treat. curative mobilize destine invasive strenuous scrutiny shrimp

8、conceal malignancy hereditary inherited recur attributable mutation mounting invasivemalignancy当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 91. _2. _3. _Asking, Listening andWatchingA. Write down three questions on the topic which you find interesting to explore.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 B.

9、 Listen to an audio clip three times and complete the following passage with the words or phrases from the audio clip. Breast Cancer Treatment 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 More than one million new cases of breast cancer are (1) _ every year around the world. But survival rates have (2)

10、_ in recent years in the United States, (3) _ and some other countries. A new report says drug treatments have played a (4)_ part. When breast cancer is found early, before it has (5) _, doctors can operate to (6) _ any disease they find. But some cells may (7) _ that can become cancerousreportedinc

11、reasedBritainmajorspreadremoveremain当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9later in life. So (8) _ treatments aim to prevent breast cancer from coming back. In some cases, the new study found that drugs could (9) _ by half the risk of death from breast cancer within fifteen years. That is, from the

12、 time the cancer is found. This (10) _ was shown in middle-aged women with the most common breast cancer. (11) _ _. additionalreduceeffect They began with six months of a combination of chemotherapy drugs当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9Then came five years of the drug tamoxifen. Tamoxifen he

13、lps block the effects of estrogen. Estrogen is the hormone linked to the most common kind of breast cancer. The researchers found that (12) _ _. They note that (13) _ _ _. survival rates were higher fifteen years after treatment than they were after five years further improvements in long-term survi

14、val could result from newer drugs, or from better use of older one当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9C. Listen to the audio clip “Debate over Mammograms” only once and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.Debate over Mammograms 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 91. A d

15、etailed X-ray picture taken by a mammogram can _. A. reduce a womans chances of dying breast cancer B. avoid some severe treatments of breast cancer C. prevent the whole breast from being removed D. show if a woman has abnormal breast tissue当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 92. What do some exp

16、erts say about long-term survival? A. It depends on the location of the tumor. B. It depends on the size of the breast tumor. C. It depends on the aggressiveness of the tumor. D. It depends on the early detection of the tumor.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 93. Doctor Lerner says that _. A. h

17、e has written a book “The Breast Cancer Wars” to support mammograms B. he will continue to advise a yearly mammogram for women aged 50 to 70 C. he will continue to suggest a yearly mammogram for women under 50 D. he doesnt think mammograms can provide much valuable information当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II

18、关注健康关注健康Chapter 94. Why do many experts still believe that mammograms can save lives? A. Mammograms find more early cancer tumors than any other test. B. Mammograms can contribute to a better treatment of breast cancer. C. Mammograms have resulted in a better prevention of breast cancer. D. Mammogra

19、ms have resulted in a drop of death rates from breast cancer.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 95. When the wife of President Gerald Ford had an operation for breast cancer in 1974, _. A. she openly demanded to increase money for breast cancer research B. individuals and businesses contributed

20、money trying to save her life C. the public had far less discussion of this kind of cancer than today D. activists worked to demand a better treatment for her disease当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 Key 1. D 2. C 3. B. 4. A. 5. C当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9D. Watch a video clip “

21、Unnecessary Surgeries? ” twice and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F). Unnecessary Surgeries? 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9_ 1. A question has been raised about one out of eight women developing breast cancer. _ 2. Every year about 60,000 of the breas

22、t biopsies are unnecessary according to a new study._ 3. A needle biopsy for breast cancer is recommended as a less invasive procedure._ 4. Surgeons are more comfortable with a surgical biopsy because of its diagnostic accuracy.FF T T当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9_ 5. A needle biopsy is do

23、ne without anesthesia, leaves no scar and rarely misses lesions._ 6. As about 90 percent of abnormal mammograms turn out to be benign, it makes sense to have the most minimally invasive approach._ 7. Radiologists rather than surgeons do surgical biopsies in most cases._ 8. Your doctor will decide wh

24、ether to undergo a surgical biopsy if you have abnormal mammograms.FT F F当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 Read and Discuss Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Different Cultures, focusing on the following questions.Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Different Cultures当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康

25、关注健康Chapter 91. What disease did Liu Lichun suffer when she was 40 years old? Did she knew that?2. Why did Liu Lichun think of the diagnosis as a death sentence?3. What is the incidence of breast cancer in the U.S.?4. What, according to the author, is the most powerful thing that can determine a wom

26、ans chances of surviving breast cancer?当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 95. What is one season why breast cancer hits usually in middle age?6. Why are Asian women at higher risk of developing ER-negative cancer? 7. What is BRCA1? And what is BRCA2?8. What factors lead to a high proportion of A

27、sian breast cancer?9. What features does dense breast tissue present clinically?当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 910. What factors should be taken into consideration when it comes to doses of chemotherapy？11. In what way do lifestyles contribute to breast cancer?12. What is the explanation for

28、 the possible link between reproductive habits and breast cancer development?13. Why does it take cultural understanding to treat breast cancer?当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 Reading ComprehensionComplete each statement or give a short answer to each question in no more than six words acco

29、rding to the article.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 91. Liu Lichun, a 40-year-old Chinese woman from Inner Mongolia, thought of the diagnosis of her illness as _.2. Breast cancer is _ cancer for women in the world.3. One of the most powerful things that can determine a womans chances of _ _

30、is race. a death sentencethe most lethal form of surviving breast cancer当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 94. One season why breast cancer usually hits in middle age is _.5. Asian women are at higher risk of developing _. 6. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are _ _.7. Many studies show that women with denser br

31、east tissue are more likely to _ _. exposure to estrogenER-negative breast cancer an inherited mutations in the genes develop malignancies当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 98. When it comes to doses of chemotherapy, the patients _ should be taken into consideration.9. Other risk factors contrib

32、uting to breast cancer are _.10. It takes cultural understanding to treat breast cancer because breast cancer _ _ in many parts of the world. height, weight and ethnicitydiet, reproductive habits and lack of exercise is still a shameful secret当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9Decide whether th

33、e following informationis true (T) or false (F) or not given (NG) according to the reading.A Debate on How to Treat Precancerous Breast Disease当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9_ 1. Jane Leffingwell needed to think about mastectomy because the recurrence increased her risk of dying of breast c

34、ancer. _ 2. The widespread application of mammography resulted in a marked increase in the number of women diagnosed with D.C.I.S._ 3. Studies suggest that the form of treatment a woman receives for D.C.I.S. may affect her survival rate. FT F 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9_ 4. There is con

35、troversy among scientists over whether D.C.I.S. should be treated aggressively._ 5. Dr. Nancy N. Baxter, an assistant professor of surgery, recommended the less-aggressive lumpectomy plus radiation. _ 6. Compared with undertreatment, overtreatment has more psychological effect on the women with D.C.

36、I.S. TNG T 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9_ 7. Not getting the right message and misperceptions about D.C.I.S. may lead to undertreatment. _ 8. The majority of women with D.C.I.S. want to receive lumpectomy plus radiation. _ 9. Some experts believe that women with the high-grade lesions req

37、uire additional aggressive treatment, but those with low-grade lesions do not.FNG T 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9_ 10. Ms. Leffingwell followed the advice of the experts from the Dana-Farber institute to have a second lumpectomy. F当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 Read the followin

38、g passage and choose the best answer to each comprehension question.Cancer Gene Tests Turn Out to Be Far From Simple 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 91. The identification of the BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genes is significant because _. A) they are the real culprits in most hereditary cases of breast

39、 cancer B) the discovery has prompted much excitement among scientists C) it has greatly contributed to understanding and preventing breast cancer D) women with family histories of breast cancer can take preventive actions当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 92. The identification of these genes p

40、rovides the following additional insights EXCEPT that _. A) it is not enough to consider only the mothers cancer history when estimating a womans risk. B) the behavior of the breast cancer genes has turned out to be simple from a personal perspective. C) the genes appear to play a role in other illn

41、esses besides breast cancer D) each mutation in BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 may confer a different degree of risk当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 93. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as other types of cancers that might also result from the mutation of these genes? A) Lung cancer B) Ovarian cance

42、r C) Prostate cancer D) Stomach cancer当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 4. Why would the same gene defect. not behave the same way in all families? A) Other genetic factors may also raise the risk of breast cancer. B) So far not much has been learned about the human genome. C) The genes tende

43、ncy to express itself may be much lower in some families. D) BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 are not the only genes that cause breast cancer.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 95. Which of the following is NOT the truth behind the misconception that some cases of breast cancer are genetically influenced and s

44、ome are not? A) The gene defect does not appear in every body cell. B) Other breast cancer genes may also be involved. C) Only a small percentage of all cancers is inherited. D) Ovarian cancer has occurred in some cases.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 96. Which of the following statements is

45、NOT true of a genetic mutation? A) It can occur when a mistake is made during cell division. B) It can occur when it is inherited from ones mother or father. C) It can occur when it is induced by exposure to a chronic irritant. D) It can occur when undetected by the cells built-in surveillance syste

46、m.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 Key 1.C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5.D 6.B当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 91. What are risk factors for breast cancer? 2. How is breast cancer diagnosed? How is breast cancer at different stages treated?3. What preventive measures can be taken to lower the risk

47、of developing breast cancer? 4. Have you ever known anyone with cancer? How did the disease affect his or her body? How did it affect his or her spirit? 5. Do you think cancer is as taboo of a subject as it was when your parents and grandparents were your age? Why or why not? Further Topics for Disc

48、ussion and Oral Presentation 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9V. Language PracticeA. Word-building Study the Prefixes, Suffixes and Roots in the following grid, and then provide the corresponding word based on word-building blocks and the given definition.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapte

49、r 9Prefixes post-: after; later (之后；稍后的之后；稍后的)Suffixes -ectomy: surgical removal (切除术切除术) -gen: producer (产生者产生者) -gram: something written or drawn; a record (书写或图；记录书写或图；记录) -odynia: pain (疼痛疼痛)当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 -oma: tumor (肿瘤肿瘤) -pathy: disease (疾病疾病) -plasty: plastic surge

50、ry (整形外科，外科修整形外科，外科修补术补术)Roots aden(o)-: gland (腺体腺体) estro-: estrus (雌性动物的动情，动情周雌性动物的动情，动情周期期)当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 9 mamm(o)-: breast, mammary gland (乳房；乳乳房；乳腺腺) mast(o)-: breast; mammary gland; nipple(乳乳房；乳腺房；乳腺) men(o)-: menses (月经月经) ovul(o)-: egg (卵子卵子)当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关