2022年小学英语动词及专项训练 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载小学英语动词及专项训练1.动词的定义：表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。表示动词的词如ask ,walk等2.动词的分类：（1）实义动词又叫行为动词，能独立做谓语：如open ，hold , learn （2）系动词又称连系动词， 不能独立做谓语， 后边必须接表语组成系表结构， 说明主语的状态、性质、特征等： be动词（3）助动词， 主要协助动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫做助动词。它本身没有词义， 和实义动词一起构成各种时态和语态，也可构成否定或疑问结构：do、will、should 、would （4）情态动词， 表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。由于词

2、义不完全，不能单独作谓语，要后接动词完成谓语部分：must、can、could、may、will 3.动词的基本形式（1）动词原形：动词未经任何变化的原来形式。如：have、cut、see （2）第三人称单数现在时：动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成和名词复数构成法相似。A.直接加“ s” ：read-reads leave-leaves B.以 e 结尾的动词，直接加“ s ”: come-comes close-closes C.以 s. x. sh. ch.o 结尾的单词 ,加“ es ” : watch-watches fix-fixes wash-washes go-goes D

3、.以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的单词，变“ y”为“ i”, 再加“ es ” : cry-cries E.以“ 元音字母 +y” 结尾的单词，直接加“ s” :play-plays （3）过去式的变化规则：A.直接加“ ed”：look-looked watch-watched B.以 e 结尾的动词，直接加“ d” : live-lived love-loved C.以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的单词，变“ y”为“ i”, 再加“ ed ”: cry-cried D.以“ 元音字母 +y” 结尾的单词，直接加“ s ”:play-played E.动词不规则变化表Infinitive P

4、ast tense Infinitive Past tense 1. am, is was 2. keep kept 3. are were 4. let let 5. become became 6. make made 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载7. begin began 8. meet met 9. bite bit 10. put put 11. blow blew 12. read read 13. buy bought 14. ride rode 15. catch caught

5、 16. run ran 17. come came 18. say said 19. cost cost 20. see saw 21. cut cut 22. sing sang 23.dig dug 24. sit sat 25.do did 26. sleep slept 27. draw drew 28. speak spoke 29. drink drank 30. sweep swept 31. eat ate 32. take took 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载33. fal

6、l fell 34.teach taught 35. feed fed 36. tell told 37.feel felt 38.think thought 39. fly flew 40. throw threw 41.forget forgot 42.understand understood 43. get got 44. give gave 45. wake woke 46. go went 47. wear wore 48. grow grew 49. win won 50. have/has had 51. write wrote 52. know knew 53 .break

7、broke 4.动词的时态一、一般现在时 : 表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。结构：1. 动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如Tony ，he ，she ） ，动作词用第三人称单数形式，即加s 或 es ; 在主语前加 do, does帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；在动作词前加 don t, doesn t 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词： is , am , are ；is , am , are 放在主语前帮

8、助疑问句；is , am , are 后面加上 not帮助否定句。3. 情态动词 can, may, should ，must引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形；can, may, should ，must 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；can, may, should, must 后面加上 not 帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。4. 肯定祈使：动词原形+ 其它否定祈使句： Don t +动词原形+ 其它5感叹句：What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! What+( 形)名How beautif

9、ul! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! How+ 形A. 肯定句：(非第三人称单数)主语 +V+ 其它We come from China. (第三人称单数)主语 +Vs+其它He comes from China. 主语 +be (is, am, are)+ 其它We are from China. 主语 +情态动词(can, may, should, must)+V+其它She must go. B. 否定句：(非第三人称单数)主语 +don t +V+ 其它We don t come from Chi

10、na. (第三人称单数) 主语 +doesn t +V+ 其它He doesn t come from China. 主语 +be (is, am, are) not+ 其它I arent from China. 主语 +情态动词 (can, may, should, must)+not +V+ 其它C一般疑问句：Do +(非第三人称单数)主语 +V+ 其它Do you come from China? Does +(第三人称单数)主语 +Vs+ 其它Does he come from China? be (Is, Am, Are)+ 主语 +其它Are you from China? 情态动

11、词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语 + V+ 其它She cant go.D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do +( 非第三人称单数)主语 +V+ 其它Where do you come from? 特殊疑问词+does +( 第三人称单数)主语 +Vs+ 其它Where does he come from? 特殊疑问词+be (is, am, are)+主语 +其它Where are you from? 特殊疑问词+情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语 + V+ 其它Can she go?二、现在进行时 : 表示现在正在进行的动作。结构：1. be动

12、词( is , am , are) + 动词 ing (现在分词 )；is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；is , am , are 后面加上 not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。A. 肯定句 :主语 +be（ is, am, are） +Ving+其它They are coming here. B. 否定句：主语+be（ is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它They aren t coming here. C. 一般疑问句：be（Is, Am, Are ）+主语 + Ving+其它Are they coming here? D. 特殊疑问句：

13、特殊疑问词+ be（is, am, are ）+主语 + Ving+其它What are they doing?三、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。结构：1. 动作词用过去式 (ed ) ；在主语前加 did 帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；在动作词前加 didn t 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词的过去式： was , were ；was , were 放在主语前帮助疑问句；was , were后面加上 not帮助否定句。A. 肯定句：主语+Ved+ 其它We came from China 主语 +be (was, were)+ 其它We

14、were from China. B. 否定句：主语+didn t +V + 其它We didn t come from China. 主语 +be (was, were) +not+ 其它We weren t from China. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载C一般疑问句：Did +主语 +V + 其它Did you come from China? be (Was, Were)+ 主语 +其它Were you from China? D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ did +主语 +V + 其

15、它Where did you from? 特殊疑问词+ be (was, were)+主语 +其它Where were from? 四、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。结构：1. be going to + 动词原形is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；is , am , are 后面加上 not帮助否定句。2. will+ 动词原形will 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；will 后面加上 not 帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。A. 肯定句：主语+will +V + 其它He will dig a hole. 主语 + be going to +V + 其它H

16、e is going to dig a hole. B. 否定句：主语+will not +V + 其它He wont dig a hole. 主语 + be not going go +V +其它He isnt going to dig a hole. C一般疑问句：Will+ 主语 +V+ 其它Will he dig a hole? Be(Is, Am, Are) +主语going to +V+ 其它Is he going to did a hole? D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+ 主语 +V+ 其它What will he do? 特殊疑问词+be(is, am, are) +主

17、语 going to +V+ 其它What is he going to do? 五、过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构：1. be动词( was, were) + 动词 ing；was, were 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；was, were后面加上 not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。A. 肯定句 :主语 +be（was, were） +Ving He was digging a hole. B. 否定句：主语 +be（was, were ） +not +VingHe wasnt digging a hole. C. 一般疑问句：be（Was, Were ）+主

18、语 + Ving Was he digging a hole? D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（was, were ）+主语 + Ving What was he doing （二）时态意义与结构一览表：时态时态意义与动词主语动词形式常用时间肯定句否定句(特殊 )疑问句一般1.表示现在的状态。be 动词三单is is not (疑问词 ) is +主语always, often, nowusually, sometimes, ever, never, in the morningin the afternoon, I am am not (疑问词 )am+主语you,复are are n

19、ot (疑问词 )are+主语2. 表示经常性习情态所有主语can +V can not +V (疑问词 )can +主语+V may +V may not +V (疑问词 )may+主语+V 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载现在时惯性的动作、兴趣爱好或能力。动词must +Vmust not +V (疑问词 )must+主语+V in the evening, at night, on Sunday, every once a week, twice a month, 3 times a year

20、 should +Vshould not +V (疑问词 )should+主语+V行为动词三单Vs doesn t +V (疑问词 )does +主语+V 非三单V don t +V (疑问词 )do +主语+V 3.祈使句be 无Be Don t be Be quick. Don t be worried. 行为无V Don t +V Listen to me. Don t push. 4.感叹句What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! How beautiful! How beautiful the flow

21、er is! How beautiful the flowers are! 一般过去时表示过去了的动作或状态。be动词单youwas was not (疑问词 ) was +主语yesterday, this morning, before that, last复+youwere were not (疑问词 )were+主语行为所有主语Ved didn t +V (疑问词 )did +主语+V 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。行为动词三单is +Ving is not +Ving (疑问词 ) is +主语+Vingnow, Listen! Look! Where s I am +Ving

22、am not +Ving (疑问词 )am+主语+Vingyou,复are +Ving are not +Ving (疑问词 )are+主语+Ving过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。行为单youwas +Vingwas not +Ving (疑问词 )was+主语 +Vingyesterday this morning at that time at nine 复+youwere +Ving were not +Ving (疑问词 )were+主语+Ving一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态。1 be 所有主语will+ be won t+ be (疑问词 )will+主语+ be to

23、morrow, this evening, later, in a minute, after that, next行为Will+ V won t +V (疑问词 )Will+主语+ V 2 行为动词三单is going to+V is not going to+V (疑问词 )is+主语 going to+V I am going to+Vam not going to+V (疑问词 )am+主语going to+Vyou,复are going to+V are not going to+V (疑问词 )are+主语going to+V 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师

24、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载习题：1 I_(be not) a middle school student. 2 She _(be) in Class Six ,Grade One . We_(be) all Y oung pioneers. 3 Sam and I_(be) in different classes . 5 There _(be) a map on the wall. There _(be) some boats in the river. 7 There_(be) a pencil-box and some books in t

25、he bag . 8 There_(be) two bikes and a car near the house. 9 I can _(see) some flowers on the table. 10. You must_(find) those things. 11. _ you _(have) a new watch? 12. Let me _(see),please. I _(not have) a watch . 13. I think he _(be)back in a week. 14. Its time _(play) games. 15. I want _(take) so

26、me books to the classroom . 16. Could you _(take) it to your room ? 17. Its snowing now. We can go out _ (play) in the snow. 18. _(not jump) too high! Would you like_(drink) tea ? 19. She _(like) her new skirt . 20. The men _(work) near the house now. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页